SUHL. 



SUMATRA. 



694 



commander-iu-chief, was lying in the bay in careless security, in spite 

 of the warning of Lord Sandwich, who had pointed out the danger of 

 their being surprised, when a Dutch fleet of 75, or, according to some 

 accounts, of 91 men-of-war and a great number of smaller vessels, 

 under De Ruyter as commander-in-chief, came unexpectedly on them 

 on the 28th of May. A severe but indecisive action ensued. The 

 English lost six ships of war, two burned, three sunk, and one taken. 

 The Earl of Sandwich was killed, and a number of officers and 200 

 men were killed and wounded. 



Statistics: Religion! Worship and Education. According to the 

 Returns of the Census of 1851, it appears that there were then in 

 the county 895 places of worship, of which 519 belonged to the 

 Church of England, 168 to four sections of Methodists, 91 to Baptists, 

 in) to Independent*, 8 to Quakers, 4 to Roman Catholics, 3 to Plymouth 

 Brethren, 3 to Unitarians, 3 to Mormons, and 1 to Jews. The total 

 number of sittings provided was 224,810. The number of Sunday 

 schools in the county was 541, of which 375 belonged to the Church 

 of England, 61 to Independents, 57 to three sections of Methodists, 

 41 to Baptists, 3 to Unitarians, and 1 to Roman Catholics. The 

 aggregate number of scholars was 37,470. Of day schools there were 

 1070, of which 398 were public schools, with 27,387 scholars, and 672 

 were private schools, with 13,944 scholars. Of evening schools for 

 adults there were 38, with 835 scholars. There were 15 literary and 

 scientific institutions, with 1960 members, and libraries containing 

 19,355 volumes. 



Savings Sanl-t. In 1853 the county possessed 13 savings banks, at 

 Bnngay, Bury St. Edmunds, Coddenham, Eye, Framlingham, Had- 

 leigh, Halesworth, Haverhill, Ipswich (Cornhill), Ipswich (Quay parish), 

 Lowestoft, Sudbury, and Woodbridge. The amount duo to depositors 

 on 20th November 1853 was 442,648;. 18. 



SI'HL. [ERFURT.] 



SUINDINUM. [MAXS, Lt] 



SCIPPES. [MABNC.] 



SUKKUR. [HixDUSTAH.] 



SULEIMAXIYEH. [BAGHDAD.] 



SULETIELMA. [SWEDES.] 



SULI, a mountainous district of Southern Albania, which extends 

 in length about 30 miles from north to south, and about 20 miles in 

 breadth, and is separated to the south-west from the coast of the 

 Adriatic by a strip of lowland in which is Port Fanari, the ancient 

 Elswi. at the mouth of the Acheron. On the south-east the highland 

 c.f Suli is bounded by the plain of Arta, which extends to the gulf 

 of the same name. Towards the north Suli borders on the district of 

 Paramithia and on that of Janina towards the north-east The river 

 (ilyky, the ancient Acheron, coming from the north, flows along a 

 deep valley which intersects the highlands of Suli, and after being 

 joined by several streams enters the Adriatic at Port Fanari. The 

 district of Suli is part of the ancient Thesprotia, one of the three 

 great divisions of Kpirus. It contains eighteen villages or hamlets, of 

 which ten or eleven are in the highlands, and the rest in the plain, 

 rincipal village, called Mega Suli, lies on a bill near the left 

 bank of the Acheron. The whole population of Suli, at the time of 

 the war with AH Pasha, did not amount to more than 12,000, divided 

 into about thirty tribes or clans, each consisting of several families 

 related or allied to one another. The head of each clan was styled 

 captain, and led his contingent in war, subject to a supreme com- 

 mander, styled Polcmarch, who was chosen by votes for the time. 



In May, 1801, Ali Pasha began a war of extermination against Suli, 

 and at last succeeded in conquering that stubborn population. Many 

 of the Suliotes fell in the struggle, others were murdered by Ali's 

 soldiers, many of the women threw themselves into the river rather 

 than fall into the hands of the Turks ; and the rest of the population, 

 about 4000, contrived to reach Parga, whence they went to the Ionian 

 Islands, then under the protection of Russia. [PABOA.] A few, 

 trusting to the promises of Veli Pasha, Ali's son, remained in their 

 desolate villages. In the war for the independence of Greece, a body 

 of Suliotes fought at Missolongi against the Turks, and they were for 

 a time in the pay of Lord Byron. 



UNA, UIVER. [BE8SABABIA.1 



SULI.Y. [LoiBET.] 



SULMO'NA, or SOLMONA, an episcopal city in Italy, capoluogo 

 of a second-class district, or sub-prefecture, in the Neapolitan pro- 

 vince of Abruzzo Ultra II., in built in a deep valley drained by the 

 Sagittario, an affluent of the Pescara, and shut in by the central ridge 

 of the Apennines on the west, and the lofty group of Monto MajeUa 

 on the east. This valley forms an important pass between the central 

 and northern provinces of the kingdom, leading from the valley of 

 the Pescara to that of _ the Sangro. The ancient Sulmo, Ovid's birth- 

 place, was near the site of Sulinona ; a few remains of a temple of 

 Jupiter are visible at San Quirini, two miles from Sulmona. Sulmona 

 is walled, and looks old and gloomy. It has about 8800 inhabitants, 

 a college, a clerical seminary, some paper-mills, and manufactories of 

 catgut, and sausages. The neighbourhood is fertile in wine, corn, 

 anil ifil. The town has been long famous for its confectionary. Tho 

 valley of Sulmona is interacted by several streams, and irri^ited by 

 artificial cauals. Ovid, in his ' Tiittio,' recalls to mind the copious 

 and cool streams of his native country. 



The town-hall and some of the churches of Sulmona ore worthy of 



notice for their architecture. Between the principal street and the 

 public square runs an aqueduct, with pointed arches, erected in 1400. 

 Near Sulmona is the splendid monastery of St. Peter Celestirie, now 

 suppressed. In the town above the barrack gate there is a piece of 

 wretched sculpture, which the inhabitants are pleased to style a 

 statue of Ovid, of whom they are very proud. Sulmo was one of 

 the chief towns of the Peligni. Corfinium, another town of the 

 Peligni, was in the same valley, a few miles north of Sulmo. 



SULTANIYEH. [PERSIA.] 



SUMATRA, a large island in the Indian Ocean, and the most 

 western of the Sunda Islands. The equator traverses the island 

 nearly in tho middle. Sumatra extends full 6 degrees to the south of 

 that line, and nearly as much to the north. The most western point, 

 Acheen Head, is in 95 20' E. long., and the most eastern part ia in 

 108 E. long. The general direction of the island is nearly north- 

 west and south-east, and its length rather exceeds 900 miles. The 

 width south of 1 N. lat is on an average 210 miles, but farther 

 north not more than 140 miles. According to a rough estimate, its 

 area may be about 160,000 square miles. The south-west side of 

 Sumatra is bounded by the Indian Ocean ; the northern part stretches 

 into the Bay of Bengal; to the north-east it is divided from the 

 Malay Peninsula by the Straits of Malacca. Between the southern 

 extremity of these straits and the Island of Banca, it is washed by 

 the Chinese Sea. It is divided from Banca by the Strait of Banca. 

 The coast south of that strait is washed by the Java Sea, and its 

 southern extremity is separated from Java by the Straits of Sunda. 



Coatt. Sumatra terminates at the southern extremity on the 

 Straits of Sunda in three promontories, including the bays of Lam- 

 pong and Samangka ; the latter is also called Keyser's Bay. The 

 two bays lying between these capes contain several good and safe 

 anchorages. 



The south-western coast from Flat Point to Manna, a distance 

 rather exceeding 150 miles, rises with a steep ascent and generally to 

 a considerable elevation. The only practicable anchorages here are 

 Croi and Cawoor, which are rather small. Along this part of the 

 coast soundings are only found at a short distance from the shore. 

 From Manna to Bencoolen, which are about 60 miles distant from 

 each other, the cliffs descend to the shore with a gentle slope leaving 

 a narrow beach. There are several tolerably good harbours, as at 

 Manna and Poolo Bay. The coast is clear of rocks, and there are 

 only a few shoals. The soundings are regular, and extend from 20 

 to 25 miles from the coast. From Bencoolen to Tapanooly Bay, a 

 distance of about 450 miles, the coast-line is alternately low and high, 

 but the cliffs are of moderate elevation, and not often steep. This 

 part of the coast, especially from Indrapura to Tapanooly, is lined 

 with a considerable number of islands and shoals. Though these 

 islands and shoals render the navigation difficult, they protect the 

 shipping against the tremendous surf to which the south-west coast 

 of Sumatra is exposed, and make numerous good anchorages. Tapa- 

 nooly harbour is so Urge and spacious; and possesses so many 

 advantages, that it is considered as hardly surpassed by any harbour 

 on the globe ; many small islands are dispersed over it, and subdivide 

 it into numerous smaller harbours or coves, where ships are sheltered 

 from all winds. The coast continues to be lined with small rocky 

 islands as far as Passage Island (2 22' N. lat.), north-west of the 

 mouth of Singhel River. But north of Tapanooly Bay the coast-line 

 is low. There occur several good harbours, sheltered from all winds ; 

 and as the surf in these parts is less violent, they supply good 

 anchorage. 



Between 3 N. lat and 3 S. lat., a chain of krger islands stretches 

 parallel to the coast from north-west to south-east, at the distance of 

 60 or 70 miles. The sea between this chain of islands and Sumatra 

 has soundings, but outside of the islands no soundings have been 

 obtained. Between some of these islands there are safe channels. No 

 coast perhaps is exposed to a more tremendous surf than the south- 

 west coast of Sumatra, especially that portion of it which is south of 

 the equator. This surf is very remarkable on account of its irregu- 

 larities, for which no sufficient reason has been discovered. It seldom 

 preserves the same degree of violence fur two daya together ; often it 

 rises like mountains in the morning and nearly subsides by night. 

 Generally no landing can be effected in European boats, b,ut only in 

 catamarans. The north coast of Sumatra, between Acheeu Head and 

 Diamond Point, is called the coast of Pedir, and extends about 150 

 miles. The whole of this coast is high, and mostly steep, especially 

 in the middle near Possangau Point Most of the harbours are open 

 roadsteads, but otherwise the anchorage is good. The north-eastern 

 coast from Diamond Point to the mouth of the Rakau River, a distance 

 of about 300 miles, is low, but well defined. North of Delli it is 

 lined with sand-banks, and south of that place with mud-banks, which 

 are traversed by a narrow channel, through which the rivers reach 

 the sea. To the east of the nioutu of Rakan River lies a headland, 

 called Onjong Perbabean, to the north-west of which a mud-bauk 

 extends about 11 or 12 miles. In this part the navigation of the 

 Malacca Strait is very dangerous, as various sand-banks extend across 

 it, with gaps and narrow channels of mud soundings between them. 

 Farther south is the Island (Pulo) of Rupat, extending about 25 miles 

 in every direction. The Salat Rupat, or strait, which divides tliia 

 island from the main body of Sumatra, admits only small vessels. 



