SURUEY. 



SUSA. 



718 



tutcs the archdeaconry of Surrey. By the Poor- Law Commissioners 

 the county is divided into 21 Unions Ash (a Gilbert's Incorporation), 

 Bennoudiey, Camberwell, Chertsey, Croydou, Dorking, Epsom, Farn- 

 ham, St. George the Martyr, Goldstone, Guildford, Hambledon, 

 Kingston, Lambeth, Newington (under a local act), St. Glare's, 

 Ueigate, Richmond, Rotherhitbe, St. Saviour's, and Wandsworth and 

 Clapham. These unions include 154 parishes and townships, with an 

 area of 171,466 acres, and a population in 1S51 of 679,003. 



The county is in the Home Circuit, except that fur criminal offences 

 the parts of the county within 10 miles of St. Paul's cathedral are 

 in the district of the Central Criminal Court. The spring assizes for 

 the county are constantly held at Kingston ; the summer assizes 

 alternately at Guildford and C'roydon. The Epiphany quarter sessions 

 for the county ore held at the sessions-house, Kewington ; the spring 

 .-salons at Keigate ; the Midsummer sessions at Guildford ; and the 

 Michaelmas sessions at Kingston. County courts are held at Chertsey, 

 Croydon, DorkiiiL', Epsom, Farnham, Godalming, Guildford, Kingston, 

 Lambeth, Keigatc, and Southwark. There are county prisons at New- 

 ington (Uorarmouger-lane), Kingston, G'roydon, and on Waud-wui th 

 I 'ouiiuou. There are, besides these, in the borough of Southwnrk, the 

 Queen's Bench and the Borough Coinpter. At Uarrett, neir Wan< la- 

 worth, U the County Lunatic Asylum, a very extensive and handsome 

 edifice. 



Before the Reform Act 14 members were returned to the House of 

 Commons from the county of Surrey two for the county itself, and 

 two each for the boroughs of Southwark, Guildford, Haslemero, 

 Gatton, Blechiugley, and Reigate. By the Reform Act, Haslemere, 

 Gattou, ami Blechiuglry were altogether disfranchised, and Reigate 

 was reduced to one member; but the county was formed into two 

 divisions, each returning two members, and the borough of Lambeth 

 was created, which returns two members, so that the present number 

 of members sent from Surrey u 11 two for each divUion of the 

 county, two each for Southwark, Guildford, and Laiubcth, and one 

 for Reigate. 



Iltttory and Antiquities. At the earliest historical period this 

 county seems to have been, for the most part, included in the territory 

 of tho Regui, a nation probably of the Belgic stock, who occupied 

 oho the adjacent county of Sussex. la hi* second expedition, Cesar 

 advanced westward from Cantium, or Kent, through this county to 

 the Thames, which he crowed probably at a ford at Coway Stakes, 

 near Walton-on-Tbames, though some fix his passage at or near 

 Kingston. Several ancient entrenchments an still existing in the 

 county : on Bagshot Heath, about four miles beyond Kgham, there U 

 a very large one, in form approaching a parallelogram ; on St. George's 

 Hill, betwiea Weybnd^e and Cobharu, U another of irregular form, 

 following tho shape of the hill on which it stands ; on Wimbledon Com- 

 mon is a third, of circular form ; near Faruham, partly in this county 

 and partly in Hampshire, is another, popularly called Omar's Camp, of 

 irregular form, following the brow of the hill on which it stands. 



Surrey was included in the Roman province of Britannia Prims. 

 No Antonine station u ascertained to have been in it; though Lon- 

 ilinium (London) and Pontes (SUines) were close on the border, in 

 Middlesex ; and Noviomagus, the capital of the Regni, was probably 

 at Holmwuud Hill, close on the eastern border, in Kent. It is pro- 

 bable that several Roman roads crossed this county : the most remark- 

 able and best known is that which ran from Loudiuiiim. It appears to 

 have run over Mickelham Downs to Dorking, and thence by Ockley, 

 beyond which it is known ss Stone-street Causeway, into Sussex. 

 The Roman road from Londinium to Calleva and Sorbioduuum 

 (Silchester and Old Sarum) crossed the north-western border beyond 

 Staines. Traces of Roman buildings have been found in various 

 places, as at Albury near Guildford, at Guildford, where some Roman 

 bricks have been incorporated in the castle walls, at or near Kingston, 

 and on Walton Heath, Walton-on-the-Hill, north-cast of Dorking. 



Surrey was probably, in the earlier period of the Heptarchy, a part 

 of the kingdom of Wessex not, as is commonly supposed, of Sussex. 

 Wibbaudune, where the battle which decided the war between Ethel- 

 bert of Kent and Cealwin of Wessex was fought, is generally supposed 

 to have been Wimbledon in Surrey. In the later period of the Hep- 

 tarchy the county appears to have constituted a detached principality 

 governed by a aub-regului or dependent king. In the middle part of 

 the 7th century it was governed by Krithewald u sub-king, under the 

 supremacy of Wulfhere of Mercia, who also conquered the Isle of 

 Wight, and obtained the supremacy over Sussex. From this time 

 Surrey appears to have depended on Wessex or Mercia, as the power 

 of one or tho other preponderated. The inhabitants submitted 

 willingly to Egbert in 823. On the death of Egbert, in 337, his ion 

 Kthnlwulf succeeded him as king of Weuex, and Athelstan, son of 

 Ethelwulf, a< sub king of Kent. In the war of Ethelred, or Ethered I., 

 with the Danes, the king and his brother Alfred were defeated at 

 Mere-tune, probably Merton in Surrey, in 871, and Ethelred received a 

 wound, of which he died soon after. In the struggle of Alfred with 

 the Danish chieftain Hasting, the Danes were beaten by the king's 

 army at Farnham in 894. Some of the Anglo-Saxon kings were con- 

 secrated at Kingston. In 1012 the Anglo-Danish king Hardicanute 

 died through excessive drinking at Lambeth. A little before this 

 time Alfred, sou of Ethelred II., was seized at Quildford, his eyes put 

 out, and his followers massacred. 



In 1215 tho Great Charter and the Charter of the Forests (Magua 

 Charta and Charta de Foresta) were signed by John at Runnimede, a 

 narrow slip of flat meadow-land on the bank of the Thames near 

 Egham, on the border of this county : the Egham races are now run 

 upon it. By Henry III., nearly the whole county was disafforested. 

 Attempts, at a later period, to bring parts of the county into Windsor 

 Forest proved unsuccessful. 



In the civil war of John, Guildford and Farnham castles were taken 

 by Louis of France and the insurgent barons. In the civil war of 

 Henry III., a body of royal troops, retiring from Tonbridge to Bristol 

 after the battle of Lewes (1264), took Blechingley Castle, and routed 

 a body of Londoners at Croydon. In the rebellion of Sir Thomas 

 Wyatt (1554), he took possession of Southwark, and, marching to 

 Kingston, forced a passage over the Thames into Middlesex, though 

 the bridge at Kingston bad been broken down. In the civil war of 

 Charles I. the county was devoted to the Parliamentary cause. After 

 the battle of Edge Hill, and the advance of the Royalists towards 

 London, port of the Earl of Essex's army was posted at Kingston 

 (1642). Farnham Castle, which was held by the Royalists, was taken 

 not long after by the Parliamentarians. 



Surrey had at different periods before the Reformation about 30 

 religious houses of all kinds. Of these the most eminent were the 

 abbeys of Bermondsey (Cluniac), Chertsey (Benedictine), Merton (for 

 regular canons of St. Augustine), and Waverley (Cistercinn) ; and the 

 priories of St. Mary Overy, Southwark, and Newark, in the parish of 

 Send, near Guildford, for regular canons of St. Au^uotiue, and Shene, 

 now Richmond, for Carthusians. The remains of Merton Abbey have 

 been noticed. Of Bermondsey and Chertsey abbeys, and of Slieue 

 Priory, scarcely a fragment is left. The priory church of St. Mary 

 Overy, at the foot of London Bridge, now forms the parish church of 

 the same name. The remains of Waverley Abbey, near Farnham, 

 overgrown with ivy, extend in detached fragments over a surface of 

 three or four acres; they comprehend some remains of the church, 

 refectory, dormitory, and cloisters. There are some remains of th 

 church of Newark Priory. Many of the parish churches in the 

 county are of great antiquity. The early English style, which was iu 

 use in the reigns of Richard L, John, Henry III., and Edward I., is 

 prevalent. 



Statutic* : Rdigiout Wonkip and Education. According to the 

 Returns of the Census of 1851, it appears that there were then iu tliu 

 county 546 places of worship, of which 262 belonged to the Church 

 of England, 84 to Independents, 73 to six sections of Methodists, 

 63 to Baptists, 14 to Roman Catholics, 11 to Quakers, and 4 to Mor- 

 mons. The total number of sittings provided was 222,340. Of 

 Sunday schools there were 363, of which 206 belonged to the Church 

 of England, 61 to Independents, 50 to Methodists, and 25 to Baptists. 

 The total number of Sunday scholars was 44,422. There were 1792 

 Day schools, of which 406 were public schools, with 54,219 scholars, 

 and 1380 were private schools, with 30,994 scholars. Of evening 

 schools for adults there were 49, with 1245 scholars. The number of 

 literary and scientific institutions in the county was 25, with 3661 

 members and about 17,000 volumes iu their libraries. 



Sanngt Eankt. In 1853 the county possessed 20 savings banks, at 

 Camberwell, Carshalton, Chertsey, Clapham, Croydou, Dorking, 

 Epsom, Ewell, Farnham, Godalming, Guildford, Krnnington, Kings- 

 ton, Lambeth, Lambeth St. John, Reigate, Richmond, Hotherhithe, 

 Southwark, and Waudsworth. The amount owing to depositors on 

 November 20th 1853 was 904,9921. 17*. 8rf. 



SURY-LE-COMTAT. [LoiKt] 



SUS. [SUSA.] 



SUSA, the capital of the country called Susiana and Susis by the 

 Greek geographers. Susiona comprised part of a mountain region 

 between Babylonia and Persia, and it extended also to the coast of 

 the Persian Gulf, east of the mouth of the Tigris. The Chaatpet, now 

 Kertihah, flowed through Sumana from the mountains of the Uxii. 

 [BAGHDAD.] Between Susiana and Penis there was a mountain tract, 

 the passes of which were infested by robbers. The coast of Susiana 

 was marshy, as it still is. Besides the Choaspes, there were the rivers 

 Cvprata, the Hit/arm, and the Paiitigrii, now the Karun, which flowed 

 from the mountains of the Uxii. The Kulajua and the Panitigris are 

 both represented by the modern Karun, which was called Eulicus 

 above the junction of the Choaspes, Pasitigris below that point. 

 [BAGHDAD, Pashalio ; PERSIA.] 



In proceeding from Dizful to Sue, and at the distance of 1 miles 

 from Dizful, the great uiouud of Sus is Been. From the summit of 

 the great mound Dizful is distinctly visible, bearing north 38" east. 

 The Kerkhah River is one mile and a half west of the great mound of 

 Sus. The Abi-shapur, a feeder of the Karun, rises about 10 miles 

 north of Sus, and Sows in a deep narrow channel past the so-called 

 tomb of Daniel, and post the western face of the great mound. It is 

 navigable from Sus to its junction with the Kuran, nnd as its bed 

 is deep and narrow, and nearly on a level with the surface of the 

 plain, it is peculiarly suited for Rome kinds of navigation. The great 

 mound is described by Major Rawlinsou in vol. ix. of the ' London 

 Geographical Journal,' as forming " the north-western extremity of a 

 Urge irregular platform of mounds, which appear to have constituted 

 the fort of the city, while the great tumulus represents the site of the 

 inner citadel" The height of the lower platform is between 80 and 



