BOBA. 



SUSSEX. 



M fert, and that at too great mound 15 feet Th platform iteelf it 

 m^arf * abSirtwo mil. and . halt The mouud is 1100 

 yards round the be, nd 850 yard* round the summit The slope u 

 TCTT ** Major lUwlinwQ saw on the mouud * ilb with cm., i- 



Babylonian sepulchral 



(btm taleripUon of thirty three linos 



urn* Imbedded in the *oil, nd in another pUce there was exposed to 

 VMW. fw feet below the surface, a flooring of brickwork; the 

 lummit of the mound was thickly strewn with broken pottery, glued 

 tile*. nd kUu-dried brick*. Beyond the elevated platform extend the 

 ruin* of the city, probably six or seven miles in circumference : they 

 promt the note appearance of irreguUr mounds, covered with bricks 

 and broken lottery, and here and there the fragment of a shaft IB 

 MM projecting through the oiL" 



8OTA. a provinc6f Piedmont, ta bounded N. and W. by the Alps, 

 which tenant* it from Savoy and France. S. by the province of 1 me- 

 rolo, and E. by that of Torino. The area U 539 square mile., and the 

 population in 1818 was 81,884. A great part of the province of Susa 

 lie* on the dope of the great Alpine ridge, which here forms the groups 

 of Mont Ceni* and Mont Genovre, the highest summits of which lire 

 more than 11,000 feet above the sea. The Dora JtfjpMTM, which 

 crone* the province from east to west, rises on Mont Genevre above 

 the village of Ceaanna, defends by Oulx and Exilles into the fine 

 valley of Susa, paste* by the town of Susa, and at Avigliana enters 

 the plain of Turin, and joins the Po north of Turin, after a course of 

 between aixty and seventy miles. The valley of Susa is fertile, and 

 produces corn, wine, flax, hemp, and mulberries. The highlands 

 pro-luce abundance of chestnuts, and afford good summer pasture. The 

 great road from Turin to Savoy and France over Mont Cenis ascends 

 the valley of Susa as far as the town of Susa, and then turning off to 

 the northward, climbs the side of the mountain till it reaches the 

 elevated plain with the small lake of Mont Cenis, famous for its trout, 

 where U the boundary between Piedmont and Savoy. From the town 

 of Sma, following the ascent of the valley to the westward, is the 

 village of Chiomonte or Chaumont, known for its wines, which are 

 equal to those of Burgundy. Higher up is the village of Exilles, with 

 iti old fortress built on a rock above the Dora ; and still higher is the 

 village of Oulx, from which a carriage-roid leads over Mont Genbvre 

 to Briancon in Dauphin<5. Below Susa is the village of Bussolino, on 

 the high rood to Turin, in the neighbourhood of which is a quarry of 

 green marble. Lower down is the town of Avigliana, on the Susa- 

 Turin railway, with 3000 inhabitants, in a very fruitful country, with 

 two mall lakes well stocked with fish. The province of Susa is 

 included in the administrative division of Torino. 



Stua, the capital of the province, which is connected with Turin by 

 railway, occupies the site of the ancient Segusium or Segusio, is a 

 bishop's see, and has about 3300 inhabitants. North of the town is 

 a triumphal arch of white marble raised in honour of Augustus, which 

 is still in prefty good preservation. The fortress of La Brunetto, cut 

 in Uie rock by Charles Emmanuel III. commanded the roads of Mont- 

 Ceuis and Mont-Qencvre. U was destroyed by the French in 1796. 

 The town is old and ill-built Several of the streets arc lined with low 

 arcade*. U has a royal college, a provincial court, and some manufac- 

 tories of leather, gloves, and thread. 

 SUSIANA. (ScsA.] 

 8USQUEHANNA. [PEKSSTLVAMA.] 



SUSSEX is a maritime county in England, due south of Greenwich, 

 the meridian of which passes very nearly through the centre of the 

 county. It is bounded N.E. by Kent, W. by Hampshire, N. by Surrey, 

 and S. and S.E. by the British Channel It lies between 50 43' and 

 51* 9' N. lat, 49' E. and 58' W. long. Tho extreme length, 

 from Lady-Holt Park due east to the Kent Ditch, is 76 miles ; the 

 greatest breadth, from Beachy Head to Tunbridge Wells, 27 miles ; 

 and the average breadth a little less than 20 miles. The area is 1461 

 square mile*, or 934,851 acres. The population in 1841 was 300,075 ; in 

 1851 it was 336,844. 



fur/act; Coatt ; Riven. The principal feature in the surface of 

 Suwex it occasioned by the intervention of the high ridges of chalk 

 hills generally known u the Downs. These hills rise from the marsh 

 of Pevenaey to the bold promontory of Beachy Head ; they then trend 

 westward as far as Shoreham, occupying a surface of about 26 miles 

 in length, and about 6 mile* in breadth, containing about 100,000 

 acre*. This tract is denominated the South Downs. From Shoreham 

 the Downs gradually recede from the coast and traverse the western 

 part of the county, entering Hampshire between West Harting and 

 Stanstead near Petcrsfiold. Their extreme length in Sussex is 53 

 mile*, their greatest breadth 7 miles, and mean breadth 4( miles. 

 The average height is about 500 feet above the level of the sea ; but 

 Ditchelling Beacon i* 868 feet, Pirle Beacon 820 feet, Chanctoubury 

 Ring 814 feet, and Beachy Head 564 feet above that level. The 

 Downs have a rich covering of a short and delicate turf containing 

 large portions of Thymum icr/.i/llum, and occasional patches of the 

 common fane, the Ultx Europmu, in patches of 80 or 40 acres. Tho 

 district i* in general without trees. The surface of the Downs is 

 gracefully undulating ; the northern escarpment is precipitous, whilst 

 the southern decline* gently, and westward of Brighton gradually 

 blends with the low land of the coast. 



The maritime district lie* between the Downs and the sea, and 

 extends from Brighton westward to Emsworth, a distance of 36 



miles. At 6rst it U narrowed to a point, but gradually extends to 

 the breadth of a mile between Brighton and Shoreham; towards 

 Arundel it widens to three miles; and finally, as it approaches Hainp- 

 shirt', it becomes in many places seven mile* wide. This district is 

 of remarkable fertility. Here, in Saxon times, many salt-pan* for 

 procuring salt from sea-water by evaporation existed. 



The centre of the county is occupied by a woodhnd tract, denomi- 

 nated the Weald (Saxon, ' weald,' a forest) ; it extends from the Downn, 

 to which it runs parallel, to the Surrey bills. The Weald was once 

 an immense forest, inhabited only by hogs and doer, but has been 

 gradually cleared and brought into cultivation. This district withiu 

 the county now contains about 425,000 acres. 



The Forest Ridge is that portion of the county which, gradually 

 uniting with the Weald, forms the north-eastern division. It stretches 

 from Fairlight Down on the south by Crowborough to St. Leonard's 

 Forest, and thence westward, terminating in an angle formed by the 

 eand-hills of Petworth on one side, and by Blackdowu and l.rith hills 

 in Surrey on the other. In this district are two great forest*, St 

 Leonard's Forest, containing 10,000 acres, and Ashdown Forest, con- 

 taining about 18,000 acres. Pine, fir, beech, and birch all grow well, 

 and portions of the two forests have been planted with success. The 

 whole ridge is broken into hill and dale, and is very elevated. Crow- 

 borough Beacon, the highest and most central eminence, is 804 feet 

 above the level of the sea. The marsh-land extends across the eastern 

 division of the county from Eastbourne into Kent, with the exception 

 of five miles taken up by the Forest Kidge of Fairly-lit ami the Hastings 

 hills. Marshy tracts also exist on the borders of all the rivers. 



The coast at the extreme east of the county is formed of the low 

 marsh-land, which is a continuation of the low land of Itomuey 

 Marsh. At Pett the Forest Uidge breaks in for five miles, including 

 Fail-light, 1 fastings, and Bexhill. The low marhh-Iand of Pevensey, 

 forming Pevensey Bay, extends from Bexhill to the Downs, a short 

 distance to the east of the well-known aud bold promontory of Beachy 

 Head. The high chalk cliffs of the Downs extend thence as far as 

 Brighton, a distance of 19 or 20 miles coastwise, when the lowland of 

 the maritime district intervenes and forms the coast lino into Hamp- 

 shire. Pevensey Bay and Seaford Bay form good roadsteads for 

 vessels with north or east-winds, and Seaford Bay is much fm\<. 

 by vessels for water. A lighthouse of the first class was erected in 

 1828 ou the summit of the second cliff to the westward of Beachy 

 Head, 285 feet above the level of tLe sea. The lowest part of tin 

 from Seaford to the Kentish boundary is protected by single round 

 towers, called Martello towers. They commence near Hythe in Kent, 

 and are continued, except whero the coast is easy of defence, to 

 Seaford, where the last tower is numbered 74. They are built ou the 

 beach, at intervals of about a quarter of a mile between each. The 

 period of their erection was the time of the threatened invasion of 

 England by Napoleon I. At the same time a portion of this low 

 district, from Cliffe End, near Pett, in Sussex, to Shornecliffe, in 

 Kent, a distance of 23 miles, was protected by a canal called the Royal 

 Military Canal 



The principal rivers are the Ouse, the Rother, the Adur, the Arun, 

 the Cuckmere, and the Lavant The Ouse begins at Hylands, a few 

 miles north of the village of Lindfield, at the junction of two streams, 

 whence it flows near Lindfield, and, pursuing a tortuous course to 

 the south-east, half encircles Sheffield park; then proceeding more 

 directly south, the stream runs by Isfield, Barcombe, and Hamsey to 

 the Lewes levels, which it enters to the north of the town. After 

 separating the suburb of Cliffe from the town of Lewes, it proceeds 

 through the levels, divides the South Downs, and discharges itself 

 into the British Channel at Ncwhaven Harbour. The river is navigable! 

 for large barges as fur as Lindfield. The Rother rises near Argus Hill, 

 in the parish of Rotherficld, close under the Forest Ridgo. Thence 

 it runs to Mayfield, Etchingham, and Bodiham. It touches Kent at 

 Wigsell, in the parish of Salehurst, and separates the two counties. 

 It afterwards forms for some distance the boundary, aud proceeding 

 to Ncwendeu and Wittersham, receives in its course several small 

 streams from the Weald of Kent, the arms of which, together with the 

 Rother itself, im-loso the river island of Oxney. After passing this 

 island, it quits the border, and turns suddenly southward across the 

 eastern extremity of the county, sending off a branch at IJen called 

 the Kent Ditch, which parts the two counties, and empties itself into 

 the sea in the parish of Broomhill, a mile and a half eastward of old 

 Rye Harbour. Proceeding from this branch, the Rother flows to the 

 south-east part of the town of Rye. Below the town of Rye the Rother 

 receives the waters of the Brede, which rises in Ashburnham Wood. 

 The united stream expands into an tcstuary, forms the harbour of 

 Rye, and empties itself into the sea at the bight of the bay forum! l>y 

 Fairlight Head on the west and Dungeness on the east The Rother 

 is navigable as far as the point where it first touches the borders of 

 Kent The Adur lias three sources, the streams from which miito 

 near Ashurst From Ashurt the river flows in a due southern din c- 

 tion, between Beeding and Bramber to Shoreham Harbour and the 

 sea. [SHOREHAM.] The river is navigable for small craft from Moak 

 Bridge in the parish of Shermanbury, to the mouth ; and it is cele- 

 brated for its mullet, pike, and eels. The Arun rises in St. Leonard's 

 Forest, and flow* due south, receiving at Stophatn the waters of a 

 small river called the Western Kother. From Stopham the Arun runs 



