: 



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properties have caused them to penetrate into almost all parts of the 

 country. Til* number of UIOM sheep on the Downs has been esti- 

 mated at SOO.iMH) in summer and 350,000 in winter. On tho richer 

 and wet land in West Sussex a heavier sort of sheep, a cross between 

 the Oiimaml and the Down, is much more used than the pure Down. 

 The trad of bones U not famous. 



.Mrinoiu, To**, *t Sussex lias been for centuries divided into 

 six Rapes, a term peculiar to the county, the derivation of which 11 

 DOi aatUbctorily settled. Each rape contains several hundreds nnd 

 other smaller divisions. The county has also been for many years 

 rabdividrd for all civil purposes into two divisions, the Eastern and 

 the Western ; the Eastern comprising the ropes of Lewes, Pevenscy, 

 sad Haitian ; and the Western the rapes of Chichester, Arundel, and 

 liramber. The rapes are as follows : 



I. Lewes rape occupies the centre of tho county, and includes the 

 hundreds of Bareombe, Buttiughill, Dean, Fishergate, Holmttrow, 

 Lewes borough, Puyuing*, Preston, Street, Swauborough, Wholesbone, 

 and Younsmcre. 



1L Peveneey rape extends from the borders of Surrey and Kent on 

 the north to the sea, and oonteiua the hundreds of Alciston, Bishop- 

 steoe, DanehilMIorsted, Dill, Eastbourne, East Griustead borough, 

 FUxborough, Hartfield, Lindfield-Burleigh-Arches, Longbridge, Lox- 

 field Camden, Loxfield, Dorset, Lowey of Pevensey, Ringmer, Rother- 

 field. Kushmoudrn, ShipUke, Totaore, and Willingdon. 



III. Hastings rape forms the eastern portion of the county ; it in- 

 cludes the following hundreds : Baldslow, Battle, Bexhill, Foxearle, 

 Uoldspur, Oostrow, Guestlin?, borough and cinque-port of Hastings, 

 Hawkesborougb, Henhunrt, Netherfield, Niufield, cinque-port of Rye, 

 Shoyiwell, Staple, and the town and pariah of Winchelsea, 



IV. Chiohester rape is situated at the western side of the county, 

 and consists of the hundreds of Aldwick, Bosham, Box and Stock- 

 bridge, city of Chichester, Dumpford, Easebourne, Manhood, borough 

 of Midhurst, and Westbourue and Singleton. 



V. Arundel rape forms the centre of the western division of the 

 county, and includes the following hundreds: Arundel borough, 

 Avisford, Bury, Poling, Itotherbridge, and Weal Eaaewritb. 



YI. lira tu U-r rape is situated between the ropes of Arundel and 

 Lewes. The hundreds ore as follows: Brightford, Burbeach, East 

 Eaaewritb, Fiihergate, Horsham borough. New Shoreham borough, 

 Patching, Singlecross, Stoyning, Tarring, Tipnook, West Orinsteod, and 

 Windham and Ewhurst 



The parts of the county which have their particular liberties exempt 

 from the jurisdiction of the county magistrates are the city of 

 Chichester, and the liberty of the cinque-ports, which is partly in this 

 county and partly in Kent 



In the county of Sussex there is only one city, CHICHESTEU ; one 

 cinque- port, HASTINGS; two ancient towns added to the cinque-ports, 

 RTE ai.il Winchelsea ; two members of the cinque-ports, i'evensey 

 and Seaford ; the parliamentary boroughs of ARUNDEL, BRIGHTON, 

 HOBSBAU, LIWEB, HiDUOB&T, SnoBKUAM, or New Shoreham; the 

 ancient boroughs of Bramber, EAST OniNSTEAD, and STEYNING; the 

 market-towns of BATTLE, CDCKFIILD, HAILSHAM, and PETWOBTH, and 

 the towns of BOUNOB, EASTBOUBNK, Mayfield, NEWHAVEN, and WOBTH- 

 ixo. Of the places printed in small capitals an account is given under 

 their respective titles ; the others ore noticed here. 



Wincketica, population 778 in 1851, is near the eastern extremity 

 of the county, about 2 miles S.W. from Rye. Old Winchelaea, before 

 the reign of Henry III., was washed by the waters of the Channel on 

 the south and cast, nnd by the Rother on the north. It was of some 

 importance in Saxon time?, and was added to the cinque-ports before 

 the reign of John. Early in the 13th century the old town began to 

 uffur much from the influx of the sea. More than 800 houses were 

 destroyed by the overBow of the sea in the year 1250. The sea con- 

 Untied its ravages ; the site of the present town was purchased, nnd 

 the " inhabitants of Old Winchclsea took to it by little and little and 

 liuilded it" The new town was walled in, nnd in six or seven years 

 it was " mctely well finished." In 1287 tho old town was entirely 

 iiclmed by the sea. The new town continued to increase and 

 flourish. It soon became the place of import for French wines, for 

 which massive crypts were built. In the time of Henry VI. Win- 

 chelsea was one of the principal ports of embarkation for the continent. 

 Tbj new town was pillaged and partially burnt by the French in 1860, 

 and received much more serious injury from the Spaniards twenty 

 years afterwards. The town was subsequently repaired. Henry VIII. 

 d for iU defence the castle of Camber, the ruins of which are still 

 tending. The sea began once more to desert the new town ; the inlet 

 and harbour became choked up with sand and beach, and although 

 |Jll*lllai*abeth, who visittd it in one of her progresses in 1578, 

 manifested her MOM of its importance by calling it Little London, 

 the trade was soon entirely lost, and Winchelaea fell into decay. It is 

 low little more than a villnRe; the houses round two sides of the 

 I square and one small square with a few houses alone remain. 

 nnhelsM a a corporation by prescription. The corporation consists 

 f a mayor and jurat*, of whom there ought to be 12. This town 



rturoed two members to parliament from 42nd Edward III. till 1882 ; 

 it has .inc.- been added to the electoral district of Rye. Three of the 



*MMtot gateways are still standing, namely, the Landgate on the 

 north-east, the Strandgate on the south, and Newgate to the south- 



SUSSEX. 7;j 



west, but in a very ruinous condition. Of the three churches, St. 

 Gilen, St. Leonard, and St. Thomas the Apostle, a portion of the last 

 alone exists. It was a largo cruciform structure, but tho nave has 

 long since disappeared ; the north and south transepts are in ruins, 

 and the chancel with two aisles is the only part used for public woivh i p. 

 In the church are three altar-monuments, of tho time of Kdwar.l I., 

 of secular warriors in mail armour, with their legs crossed. Besides 

 the churches Wiuchelsea had a convent of Gray Friars, of whose 

 edifice the choir with beautiful arches and fine gothio windows yet 

 stanfe 



Peventey, 5 miles S.W. from HaiUham, population 412 in 1851, which 

 gave its name to the rape, and was once formidable for it 

 useful for its harbour, is now an insignificant village. In the reign of 

 Edward the Confessor the port was ravaged by Earl Godwin uiul \i\- 

 sou Harold in 1043, when many ships were taken. In the Bay of 

 Pevensey, William the Conqueror landed with his army from Nor- 

 mandy prior to the decisive battle of Hastings. Pevensey is supposed 

 to be the site of the ancient British city of Anderida. Many interest- 

 ing vestiges of ancient fortifications have been laid open. The castle, 

 though a mere ruin, is in several respects of much interest. The 

 outer walls, which are the most ancient part of the fortifications, 

 inclose a space of 7 acres, and are from 20 to 25 feet high. The 

 moat on the south side is still wide and deep ; on the other sides it 

 has been filled up. Within the walls is another and much more 

 modern fortification, approaching a pentagonal form, with five nearly 

 circular towers, moated on the north and west. The walls are 9 feet 

 thick, and the towers were two and three stories in height. The castlo 

 withstood the attacks of William Ruf us's army for six days, protecting 

 Odo, bishop of Bayeux, who ultimately yielded only for want of pro- 

 visions ; and it afterwards successfully resisted a siege conducted in 

 person by King Stephen. It was again in 1265 fruitlessly assailed by 

 Simon Montford, son of the renowned Earl of Leicester. When Sir 

 John Pelhain was in Yorkshire in 1339 assisting Henry, duke of Lan- 

 caster, to gain the crown, Pevensey Castlo was bravely and successfully 

 defended by Lady Jane Pelham, when attacked by large bodies of the 

 yeomen of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex, who favoured the deposed king 

 Richard. Pevensey is a member of the cinque-port of Hastings. It 

 is a corporation by prescription. The inhabitants had formerly an 

 hospital dedicated to St. John. 



Seaford, population 997 in 1 851 , a small sea-port town, and a member 

 attached to Hastings, one of the cinque-ports, is situated on the coast, 

 between two ridges of the South Downs, 11 miles S.E. from Lewes. 

 Till the great storm of 1570 it was the port where the river Ouse 

 emptied itself into the sea. The Ouse now reaches the sea at NEW- 

 HAVElf. Seaford was a Roman station. In one of the marauding 

 visitations from the French, once so common on the southern coast, 

 the town was burned, and several religious edifices, with the original 

 chancel of the church, were destroyed. The town was incorporated in 

 the 35th Henry VIII., and still has its bailiff and jurats. There is a 

 town-hall with a jail beneath ; and quarter and petty sessions are held. 

 The borough returned two members to parliament till disfranchised 

 by the Reform Act. 



Bramber, population 130, stands on the right bank of the Adur, 

 about 4 miles N. by W. from New Shoreham. It was formerly a 

 borough town of some importance. Though decayed it returned two 

 members to parliament till 17'J5, when the franchise was extended to 

 the entire rape of Bramber. The two members for Shoreham are now 

 elected by the qualified voters of the rape of Bramber. The place is 

 now a poor village. The church, an interesting Norman structure, 

 has been recently repaired. 



Jfurst, or JIurstpierpoint, population of the parish 2119 in 1851, is 

 a small market-town, 8 miles N. by AV. from Brighton. The church 

 is a handsome gothic building of recent erection. There arc a Wesleyan 

 Methodist and a Baptist chapel, and National schools. A short 

 distance from the town is St. John's Middle Grammar school, which 

 is in connection with Nicholas College at SHOREHAM, and had 117 

 scholars in 1854. The market is held on Tuesday, and a fair on 

 May 1st. 



JAtllehampton, population of the town 2436, a seaport town and 

 watering-place, 7 miles W. from Worthing, is a convenient port for a 

 considerable district, and has a good trade. Tho place is much 

 resorted to in summer for pea-bathing. The church was rebuilt in 

 1827. There are National schools. A market is held on Thursday. 



Mayfield, population of the parish 3055 in 1851, is situated on high 

 ground, 8 miles - S. from Tonbridge Wells. The town was formerly 

 remarkable for a palace of the archbishops of Canterbury, with whom 

 May field was a favourite residence. Provincial synods were held 

 here in 1332 and 1362. Of the ancient palace the walls and throe 

 noble arches in the hall, and some portions of the chambers, are still 

 standing. The church is a large building of the perpendicular style, 

 with a lofty spire. Tho Wesleyan Methodists and Baptists have places 

 of worship ; and there is a National school. A market for corn is 

 held on Monday ; fairs for cattle and sheep are held on May 30th and 

 November 18th. 



The following are the principal villages : the populations are those 

 of the respective parishes in 1851 : 



AMurnham, population 865, about 3 miles W. from I'.attle, has an 

 old gothic church, in the vestry of which arc preserved some relics of 



