SUTLEJ. 



SWEDEN. 



730 



Tain, and Wick in returning a member to Parliament. It was anciently 

 the seat of the bishops of Caithness, part of whose palace is now used 

 for county purposes. The old cathedral of the diocese was at Dornoch. 

 It was rebuilt in its present form, as the parish church, at the sole 

 expense of the late Duchess-countess of Sutherland. This cathedral 

 contains the remains of the Sutherland family from the 13th century. 

 There is in the town a Free church. Fishing is carried on to a small 

 extent. Six fairs are held in the course of the year. 



The villages are mostly small. The following only need to be 

 noticed ; the populations are those of the parishes in 1851 : llonar, 

 population of the parish of Creech 2714, at the head of the tcstuary 

 of the Oykill, about 12 miles W. from Dornoch; vessels of 60 tons 

 burden find accommodation ; meal, coals, and lime are imported, and 

 timber, wool, corn, and salmon are exported. Bonar bridge is a fine 

 iron structure of one arch, 150 feet in span, erected in 1813. Exten- 

 sive cattle markets are held in July, August, and September. Brora, 

 population of Clyne parish 1933, at the mouth of the Brora water, 

 about 14 miles N.W. by N. from Dornoch, has a harbour, with a pier. 

 A small collating trade is carried on. There is a school of industry 

 for females. A market is held in October for cattle, horses, &c. 

 Goltpie, population 1529, about 10 miles N. by E. from Dornoch, 

 contains gome good dwellings and shops ; it is inhabited chiefly by 

 agricultural labourers and fishermen. Golspie parish is united with 

 Uornoch parish by a mound 29S5 feet long, and a bridge constructed 

 in 1816 across Loch Fleet. The inlet of Little Ferry, outside the 

 mound, forms an excellent harbour. The parish church is situated 

 near the village. There is a school for females, supported in part by 

 the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge in the Highlands. 

 An annual fair is held in October for cattle and pedlery ; and another 

 of legs importance in May. Dunrobin Castle, the seat of the Duke of 

 Sutherland, is about two miles east-north-east from Golspie : it is sur- 

 rounded with extensive and well-wooded grounds. Jltlmulale, popu- 

 lation of Loth parish 640, at the mouth of Helmsdale Water, about 

 -I miles N.E. from Dornoch, is the seat of a considerable herring 

 liiliery. There is a productive salmon-fishery in Uelmxiale Water. 

 Tho bridge is a handsome structure of two arches, each 70 feet sjian, 

 erected in 1811. There is a Free church. Helmsdale Castle, nn old 

 square building, was formerly a hunting-seat of the Sutherland family. 

 I'ort Goiter, also in Loth parish, about 22 miles N.E. from Dornoch, ia 

 occupied by fishermen and small holders of land. 



A ntn/uitut. The Northmen made early settlements along the coasts 

 'hness. Upright stones, tumuli, and similar remains mark the 

 period of their abode here. The foundations, and ruing of old towers 

 and strongholds, are the chief vestigeg of feudal times. 



Intltutry. The county has no manufactures ; but the fisheries 

 re prosecuted with vigour and success. Cod, ling, and herrings are 

 taken in Urge numbers. Vast numbers of lobsters are sent to the 

 London market. 



Religion* Wonkip and Education. According to the Returns of the 

 Census for 1851 there were 37 places of worship in the county, of 

 which 16 belonged to the Established Church, and 21 to the Free 

 Church. In 29 of these places of worship the total number of sittings 

 provided was 11,616. Of daj schools there were 78, of which 73 

 public schools had 41 56 scholars, and 5 private schools had 69 scholar*. 

 Of Sabbath schools there were 26, with 1301 scholars. One literary 

 institution, the Tongue Subscription Library, had 53 members, with 

 1304 volumes in the library. 



SUTLEJ. [HINDUSTAN.] 



SUTTERTON. [LINCOLNSHIRE.] 



SUTTON. [CAMBRIDGESHIRE ; NOTTINUIIAIISHIBF..] 



SUTTON, Sussex, a village and the seat of a Gilbert's Poor-Law 

 Incorporation, in the pariah of Sutton, is situated in 50 56' N. lat., 

 W. long., distant 5 miles S. by K. from Petworth, and 54 miles 

 S.U . by S. from London. The population of the parish in 1851 was 

 889. The living is a rectory in the archdeaconry and diocese of 

 (,'hichester. Sutton Poor-Law Incorporation comprise* 16 parishes 

 anil townships, with an area of 26,189 acres, and a population in 

 1851 of 7052. 



KUTTON COLDFIELD. [WARWICKSHIRE] 



SUTTUN COURTNEY. [BERKSHIRE.] 



SITTON ST. MARY. [LINCOLNSHIRE. ] 



SUTTON VALENCE. [KENT.] 



SfWALKY. [I'OLAHD.] 



SVEABORG, or SWEABORG. [HELSISUFORS.] 



SVENDBORG. [FiiNEX.] 



SWAFFHAM, Norfolk, a market-town and the seat of a Poor-Law 

 Union, in the parish of Swnffham, is situated in 52 39' N. lat, 43' 

 E. long., distant 27 miles W. by N. from Norwich, 93 miles N.N.E. 

 from London by road, and 113.J miles by the Eastern Counties and 

 East Anglian railways. The population of the town in 1851 was 

 The living ia a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Norfolk and 

 diocese of Norwich. Swaffham Poor-Law Union contains 33 parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 81,200 acres, and a population in 1851 

 nf 1 1,320. The town of Swaffham stands on the summit of a bill. 

 The houses are generally well built, and the streets are lighted with 

 gas. Swaffham contains an assembly-room, a theatre, and a house of 

 correction. In the centre of the town is a spacious market-place. 

 The parish church ia a very fine cruciform structure ; at the west end 



is an embattled tower with pinnacles at the corners. There are 

 chapels for Wesleyan Methodists, Baptist?, and other Dissenters ; also 

 National and Infant schools, and a savings bank. Saturday is the 

 market-day ; there are three annual fairs. A considerable quantity of 

 butter is brought to market. Quarter sessions and a county court aro 

 held in the town. 



SWALWELL. [DURHAM, County of.] 



SWAN RIVER. [WESTERN AUSTRALIA.] 



SWANAGE. [DORSETSHIRE.] 



SWANSCOMBE. [KENT.] 



SWANSEA, Glamorganshire, a market-town, municipal and parlia- 

 mentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Swansea, is situated on the right bank of the river Tawe, at its 

 entrance into Swansea By, in 51 37' N. lat., 3" 56' W. long., distant 

 43 miles W.N.W. from Cardiff, 206 miles W. by N. from London by 

 road, and 216 miles by the Great Western and South Wales railway. 

 The population of the borough of Swansea in 1851 was 31,461. The 

 borough is governed by 6 aldermen and 18 councillors, one of whom 

 is mayor; and, in conjunction with Neath, Loughor, Aberavon, and 

 Kenfig, returns one member to the Imperial Parliament. Swansea 

 Poor-Law Union contains 27 parishes and townships, with on area of 

 103,769 acres, and a population in 1S51 of 46,907. 



The Welsh name of Swansea is Aber-Tawe, from its position at the 

 mouth of the river Tawe. The harbour may be described in general 

 terms as a square basin, of the dimensions of nearly hulf a mile each 

 way. It has received considerable improvements of late years. On 

 the western pier there are a lighthouse and watchhouse. Communi- 

 cation between the two banks of the river is maintained by a ferry. 

 On the north-east and north-west the bay ia backed by lofty hills, and 

 the beach consists of an extensive level of firm sand. Swansea is the 

 port of a rich mineral district. The principal branches of industry 

 are the smelting of copper-ore and the export of coal Copper-ore is 

 brought from Cornwall, Devonshire, parts of Wales, Ireland, Australia, 

 and elsewhere. There are 17 smeltiug-works in the Swansea district, 

 of which number eight are close to the town. Besides tho works for 

 smelting copper, there are iron foundries, zinc-works, tin-plate works, 

 yards for building and repairing ships, roperies, tanneries, breweries, 

 and two potteries. The South Wales railway and the Vale of Neatlt 

 and Taff Valley railways afford great facilities to the staple manu- 

 factures of Swansea. Several canals and tramroads couitnunicato 

 with the inland parts of the county. A canal about 1 7 miles in length 

 runs along the valley of the Tawe into Brecknockshire ; another con- 

 nects the Neath River and Canal with Swansea Harbour ; aud a third 

 communicates with collieries on the north-east of the town. On the 

 western side of the harbour is a tramway, 74 miles Ion;.', which passes 

 along the coast to Oystermouth and the Mumbles, th-j western head- 

 land of the bay. At the Mumbles is a lighthouse. The trade of tho 

 town has increased very rapidly during the present century. Swausea 

 is now a thriving place ; the town is well paved and lighted with gas. 

 The number and tonnage of vessels registered as belonging to the port 

 of Swansea on the 81st of December 1854, were Sailing-vessels, 

 under 50 tons, 65, tonnage 1946; above 50 tons, 103, tonnage 14,799 : 

 steam-vestels, under 50 tons, 6, tonnage 141 ; above 50 tons, 4, ton- 

 nage 332. During 1854 the returns of vessels entered and cleared at 

 the port were as follows : Coasting trade, inwards, sailing-vessels, 

 3647, tonnage 246,260; steam-vessels, 301, tonnage 48,175: outwards, 

 sailing-vessels, 6771, tonnage 423,866; steam-vessels, 261, tonnage 

 51,957. Colonial and foreign trade, inwards, sailing-vessels, 724, 

 tonnage 93,677 ; steam-vessels, 2, tonnage 694 ; outwards, sailing- 

 vessels, 887, tonnage 120,106; steatn-vessels, 4, tonnage 1339. The 

 corporation chums to be a corporation by prescription. The market- 

 days are Wednesday and Saturday; fairs are held in May, July, 

 August, and October. A county court is held in the town. 



St. Mary's church is 72 feet by 54 feet, aud has a lofty square 

 tower. St. John's is a small edifice; it was formerly a chapel belong- 

 ing to the Knights of Jerusalem. There is another church of recent 

 erection. The Wesleyan Methodists have chapels, one of which, 

 erected in 1846, is said to be the finest chapel in Wales belonging to 

 that body. The Roman Catholics have a new gothic chapel, opened 

 in 1847. The Unitarians have a chapel in the Tudor style, also 

 opened in 1847. There are besides, places of worship for Welsh 

 Baptists, Independents, Calvinistic Methodists, Quakers, aud Jews. 

 National and Infant schools for 800 children were opened in 1848. 

 The Free Grammar school, founded in 1682, for which a handsome 

 new school-house has just been erected, had 72 scholars in 1854. 

 .Swansea possesses a Normal college, supported on the voluntary prin- 

 ciple, an asylum for the deaf and dumb, a literary and scientific 

 society, a society for the acquirement of useful knowledge, a mechanics 

 institute, a savings bank, and a dispensary. The principal public 

 buildings are the town-hall, erected in 1827, the South Wales Koyal 

 Philosophical institution, the infirmary, the theatre, the house of 

 correction, the assembly-rooms, and the spacious and handsome new 

 guildhall and assize-courts. A market-place was opened in 1830, the 

 cost of the construction being about 20,000t ; a new fish-market was 

 opened in 1847. The only remains of the ancient castle are a massive 

 square tower; the town-prison and the Union workhouse occupy a 

 part of the site of the old castle. 



SWEDEN", a country in Europe, which occupies the eastern and 



