TAJURRA, BAY OF. 



TAMWORTH. 



IM 



Ponghu Islandi; and in tlie following fear Tal-wan surrendered, with- 

 out a struggle, to the court of Peking. 



(P*r duMailla, /< fcaiianttt et Curieuet, rot xTiii. ; KUprotb ; 

 La Ptfroase ; Parliamentary Rtportt.) 



TAJl'RRA, BAY OK. [AD*L.] 



TAKKLKY. [EuBX.1 



TAKKAZZIE, RIVER. [Aarssixu.] 



TALAVERA. [CASTILLA LA NI'LVA.] 



TALCA. (CHILL] 



TALGARTH. (BRECKKOCKSHIRK.] 



TALISH. [OEOBOIAJ 



TALLAHASSKK. [FLORIDA.] 



TALLAPOORA, 111 V Ell. [ALABAMA.] 



TALLARD. [ALPKS, HACTCS.] 



TALLOW. [WATERFORD, County of.] 



TALDNQ. [Sun.] 



TAMAN, a pniinsula, or rather a deltoid island, is formed by the 

 main branch of the Kuban, which empties itaelf into the Black Sea, 

 and a small branch of the same river, which flows into the Sea of 

 Azof north of the old fortress of Temruk. The western or large 

 part of the island stretches between the Sea of Azof on the north 

 and the Black Sea on the south, and is bounded on the west by the 

 Strait of Yenikale, the ancient Bosporus Cimuierius, and the Bay of 

 Taman. The length of the island is 57 miles, and its greatest breadth 

 22 miles, but the real surface is far from corresponding to these dimen- 

 sions, the middle of the island being occupied by the large Temruk- 

 ikoi Liman, or Lake of Temruk, and the whole of the remaining part 

 being notched by creeks and bays in such a manner as to pit-sent 

 rather the skeleton of an island than a real island. The south- 

 western part of Tamnu, the ancient peninsula of Corocondama, pre- 

 sent* a solid mass traversed by eeveral ranges of hills from 150 to 

 ISO feet high: they run from west to east, and near the village of 

 Sennaya-Balka form a bifurcation. One branch rims between the 

 Kubauskoi Liman, or the lake formed by the Kuban before it reaches 

 the tea, and the Lake of Temruk, and terminates in a slip of land 

 which divides this lake into two unequal parts. The other branch, 

 the direction of which is north-east, forms the isthmus between the 

 Like of Temruk on the east, and the Bay of Tamau on the west, and 

 terminates before it reaches the isthmus between the Lake of Temruk 

 and the Sea of Azof. The north-western part of Taman, or the penin- 

 sula between the Sea of Azof and the Bay of Taman, is no less elevated 

 above the sea, but although it is a continuation of the mainland, it is 

 separated from the eastern hills by a flat sandy isthmus, which seems 

 to have been covered by the sea at a period not very remote from our 

 own time:. All these hills are mere masses of sand and pebbles 

 cemented with clay. The higher part of them is barren, but the 

 slopes, and the low grounds between them and the sea or the lakes, 

 are covered with soil and fit for agriculture. They also make rich 

 pasture-grounds. The isthmus between the Teuirukskoi Liumn and 

 the Bay of Taman, and principally that between the Lake of Temruk 

 and the Kubauskoi Liman, are dotted with the neatfarmbouses of the 

 Coraaks ; and on the meadows numerous flocks of cattle are fed. The 

 eastern part of Taman is formed by two flat and urrrow isthmuses, 

 and a somewhat broader tract of lowland between the two branches 

 of the Kuban. The whole of this country is marshy, partly covered 

 with pastures and partly with a rank vegetation of rushes and reeds. 

 In the rainy season all the low country is overflowed by the 

 waters of the Kuban, and the higher part of Tamau is separated from 

 the continent by an immense lake which extends from one sea to the 

 other. The whole of the eastern part of the island of Taman is a 

 mi re recent production of the immense quantities of clay and mud 

 which the Sea of Azof and the Kuban have deposited before the mouth 

 of this river. The western and elevated part however in its whole 

 nognostical structure belongs to the opposite continent of the Crimea, 

 from which it has apparently been separated by the current of the 

 Cimmrrian Bosporus. In this latter part is the Sewernaya Kossn, a 

 long but very Bat and narrow slip of land which stretches from the 

 north-west extremity of the northern peninsula in a south-west direc- 

 tion to the middle of the mouth of the Bay of Taman. A cluster of 

 small islands extends from Point Yuuaya north-west till they reach 

 th* centre of the strait Numerous small craters are situated ou the 

 riilge of the hills around the Bay of Taman, as well as along the Lake 

 of Teu.nik. They present all the external appearances of volcanoes ; 

 though the matter which they throw out is not lava, but a thick mud 

 of a Jeep black colour, which they discharge at irregular periods. 



The Greeks knew this remarkable island under the name of Eion, 

 and founded several colonies in it. The most considerable of them 

 wt Pkanayoria. a famous commercial town, which contained a 

 beautiful temple of Aphrodite ; Ktpot, or Kepi, a colony of the Mile- 

 Mazw; Htrmoana, founded by the lonians ; and Achilleion: some 

 rains and marbles are the only traces that remain of their ancient 

 splendour. There are now only two towns Tm&taraki'm, the Pha- 

 i.sgoria of the Greeks ; and the present town of Pha.agoria, which 

 was built by the Russians on the shore of the Bay of Taman, 3 miles 

 east from Tmutarakan, on account of its harbour being deeper than 

 that of the latter town. 



TAMAQUA. [PKXKSTLVAVU.I 

 TAMATAVR [MADAOASCAB.] 



TAMAULIPAS. [Mexico.] 



TAMBOW, a province of Great Russia, is situated between 51 30' 

 nd 55 20' N. lat., 39 40' and 43 40' E. long. The area is 25,484 

 square miles, and the population 1,750,900. It is bounded N. by 

 Nischuei-Novgorod and Vladimir; S. by Woronesh; W. by Kiasau, 

 Tula, and Orel ; and E. by Penza. 



Thia government is a uniformly level country, without mountains, 

 large rivers, or considerable lakes : ou the north there are great forests, 

 and ou the south extensive steppes. The soil in the northern half U 

 sandy, marshy, and poor ; in the southern part it mostly consists of 

 loam or black mould, and is fertile and productive. The steppes pro- 

 duce excellent pasturage, ami when they have been brought under 

 cultivation make good arable land : they atv designated as steppes 

 only because they are destitute of wood. The river Oka enters the 

 government from Kiasan, but passes only through one circle, where 

 it is joined by the Mokscha, a considerable stream of which the Zna 

 is a tributary. The Oka runs northward to join the Volga. The Don 

 passes through a small part of the government. In the forests ou the 

 north there are marshes. The mineral waters at Lepetzk are much 

 frequented. The climate is temperate and healthy, but cold in winter. 



All kinds of corn usually grown in llusaia are raised, rye, oata, 

 millet, buckwheat and wheat, pease aud other pulse ; poppies, great 

 quantities of hemp, barley, and flax ; some hops are grown in the 

 gardens, but there i little fruit, aud that of the most ordinary kinds. 

 The total annual produce of corn of all sorts varies from 11,500,000 

 to 17,500,000 quarters : of this only about 401,000 quarters are wheat; 

 rye makes up about half the total amount ; buckwheat a fourth, and 

 oats about a sixth. In the vicinity of the forests the inhabitants are 

 for the most part carpenters, coopers, and cartwrights, or employed in 

 making pitch, tar, lamp-black, and charcoal The breeding of cattle 

 is carried ou to a very great extent in the steppes ; aud the steppe 

 from Tambow to Nova Khopertskaja-Krepoat is covered with immense 

 herds of oxeu and horses. Oxen are used for draught, and great 

 numbers are fattened for exportation. Sheep and swine respectively 

 number about 1,200,000 and 800,000. The wool U coarse. Domestic 

 poultry suffices for the consumption of the inhabitants : there is little 

 game, and fish is by no means plentiful. Among the wild animals are 

 the marmot and the hamster. Great quantities of bees are kept. The 

 mineral products are lime, freestone, iron, and some saltpetre. 



The manufactures of this government are unimportant : the pea- 

 santry barely make their own clothing. Spirit distilleries are numer- 

 ous. The export trade in the products of the country is very con- 

 siderable. The principal articles are rye, cattle, honey, tallow, butter, 

 cheese, wool, hemp, iron, grain-spirits, hides, coarse cloth, and 

 wooden wares. 



The great majority of the inhabitants are Russians. There are 

 some thousands of converted Tartars and Mordwius, aud a few gipsies. 

 Education is at a low ebb. The Greek Church is under the bishop of 

 Tambow and Schazk. The Mohammedan Tartars have their mosques, 

 imams, and teachers. 



Tambow, the capital of the government, is situated nearly in the 

 centre of the province, ou the river Zna, in 52 44' N. lat., 41 45' K. 

 long. It is a large town, with 20,000 inhabitants, and was founded 

 in 1636, as a bulwark against the Nogay Tartars. Almost all the 

 houses are built of wood : the principal buildings are the monastery 

 of Our Lady of Cusau, in which there are two churches ; seven stone 

 aud six wooden churches, the gymnasium, and the civil hospital. 

 There is a military school, a seminary for priests, and a district school. 

 The bishop resides in this city. The inhabitants manufacture shawln, 

 kersey, sailcloth, cordage, and woollen-cloth, and there is an Imperial 

 alum and vitriol manufactory; they also carry ou some trade, but 

 their chief occupation is agriculture. 



Jelatma, the most northerly town in the government, situated ou 

 the left bank of the Oka, carries ou by means of that river a very 

 great trade with Moscow : it has ten churches ; the inhabitants, GOOD 

 in number, have some manufactures of woollen-cloth, vitriol, and 

 sulphur. Kotlt/w, situated on the Lesnoi Worouegh, has above 8000 

 inhabitants : near the town is the convent Troitzkoi, where a great 

 annual fair is held. There are eight churches, of which five are of 

 stone : the principal trade of the town is in oxen, salt meat?, aud 

 bides. Lipettk, on the Woronesh, near the north extremity of tho 

 government of that name, a town with 6500 inhabitants, is celebrated 

 for its mineral-waters. J/orechatut, a town of 6000 inhabitants, 

 situated ou the Zna, has manufactures of linen, sail-cloth, cordage, 

 and tallow, aud a brisk trade in corn, cattle, and honey. 



TAMPICO. [MEXICO.] 



TAMWORTH, Staffordshire, a market-town, municipal aud parlia- 

 mentary borough, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of 

 Tamworth, is situated on the right bank of the rivers Tame and 

 Anker just at their junction, iu 52 38' N. lat, 1 42' W. long., distant 

 25 miles S.K. by E. from Stafford, 115 miles N.\V. from London by 

 road, and 109J miles by the Trent Valley branch of the London and 

 North-Western railway. The church is in Staffordshire, on which 

 account the town is commonly described as being iu that county. 

 The population of the municipal borough of Tamworth in 1851 was 

 4059 ; that of the parliamentary borough was 8655. The borough is 

 governed by 4 aldermen and 12 councillors, oue of whom is mayor; 

 and returns two members to the Imperial Parliament. The living is 



