TAHN-ET-OARONNE. 



TAKQUINH. 



in a district fertile in corn and fruit, bu marble quari it s, and 3086 



4. In U fourth arroadia*ement the chief town, Larar, is aituated 

 oo Ik* Ml bank of UM Aguut (which is her* spanned by a noble arch), 

 M> t ba> a tribunal of fii>t iutlancr, a college, a public library, and 

 7113 inhabitant*, who manufacture silks, large, hosiery, leather, aud 

 cotton-yarn. Ornulkti, prettily situated on the Dadou, 10 milea E. 

 from Lavanr, hat 6197 inbabitanta in the commune. I'ui/laureiu, on 

 hill 14 milea S.K. from Laraur, ha* ailk-milla and 6095 iuhabitanU 

 ill the commune, who tnde in home* and mules. 



The department forma the diocoaa of the Archbishop of Albi. It 

 U included in the jurisdiction of the Imperial Court aud within the 

 limiu of the University- Academy of Toulouse; and in the 12th 

 Military Division, of which Toulouse ii head-quarters. Tarn returns 

 three members to the Legislative Body of the French empire. 



TARN-ET-OAROXNE, a drpartment in the south of France, U 

 bounded N. l.y the department of Lot, F. by those of Aveyron and 

 Tarn, 8. by Haute-Oaronne, and W. by Gen and Lot-ei-Garonne. Its 

 form is irrw.-ular; the greatest length is from north-east to south- 

 west, 4 milea ; the greatest breadth at right angles to the length ia 

 41 miles. Tlie area is 1436-6 square mile*. The population in 1S41 

 was 239,297; in 1851 it amounted to 237,553, which gives 165'3 to 

 the square mile, or 9-3 below the average per square mile for the 

 whole of France. 



This department was formed by a senatus-cousultum under the 

 reign of Napoleon I. in 180S. It has no mountains and scarcely any 

 bills ; slight undulations alone vary its surface. The greater part is 

 occupied by the tertiary formations of the basin of the Girondc : the 

 most eastern district on the Aveyron is occupied by secondary forma- 

 tion*. Among the mineral products are coal, iron, marble, freestone, 

 limestone, marl, nnd potters -clay. 



The department belongs altogether to the basin of the Garonne. 

 The GARONNE itself enters it on the south side, a little below Gre- 

 nade, and baa about 49 milea of its course iu this department, 

 navigable throughout. The Tarn enters the department on the 

 south-east : it flows north-wot and west to the Garonne, which it 

 joins on the right bank : its whole course iu this department is 40 miles, 

 navigable throughout These are the only navigable rivers. Of smaller 

 rtrmms the Garonne receives on the left bank the Latnbon, the Giuione, 

 and the Serro, above the junction of the Tarn ; nnd the Larax, or Rats, 

 below the junction of that river. The Bnrguelone joins the Garonne 

 on the right bank. The AVETRON, a considerable feeder of the Tarn, 

 which it joins on the right bonk, between Montauban and La-Franyaise, 

 has the lower part of its course in this department or along the bound- 

 ary. The Tarn receives also the Tescou (of which the Teacounet is a 

 feeder) and the L-mboulas (of which the Lattd is a feeder), both on 

 the right bank. The Aveyron receives the Seye, the Bocnette, and 

 the Ix-rc, on the right bank ; aud the Verre and the Tixuse on the 

 left bank. 



Highway accommodation is afforded by 7 imperial, 17 departmental, 

 and a great number if communal roods. Tie railway in course of 

 construction from Bordeaux to Cette passes through Moissac and 

 Hootauban. 



The climate is generally mild but variable. Rains are frequent in 

 spring : the summer heat increases gradually towards the end of July, 

 when it is very grrat : autumn is the plcosan te> t season of the year : 

 winter, though cometimes very cold, is generally dry. Snow rarely 

 f '-. 



The area of the department may be estimated at about 910,000 

 acres in round numbers, of which about 575,000 acres, or above six- 

 tcntha, are under the plough. The soil is various ; in some parts stiff 

 and clayey, in others light and sandy ; so sandy iu some places as to 

 be incapable of cultivation. The Rreater part however is very fertile : 

 the plains and alluvial tracts which line the banks of the Garonne, the 

 Tarn, and the Aveyron, are among the richest in France ; but those 

 along the banks of the Garonne are liable to be injured by the inun- 

 dations of that river. The farms are generally separated by quick - 

 hedges, and adorned with clumps of the wild quince-tree. The most 

 important article of agricultural produce is wheat, which is of excel- 

 lent quality. _ It is ground into flour, especially at Montauban; aud 

 large quantities are exported to America. Bnrley, oats, rye, maize, 

 pul*% potatoes, vegetables of excellent quality, rape, flax, hemp, aud 

 tobacco are alro cultivated to a considerable extent. 



The mradow> have an extent of about 43,000 or 44,000 acres, the 

 heaths and open pastures of more than 4 1,000 acres. The number of 

 horned cattle and pigs U considerable. Sheep are few. Horses, fitted 

 for the light cavalry, are reared; oud a considerable number of 

 mule* are bred for the Spaniih market Ducks, goose, turkeys, and 

 other poultry are numerous. Quills and feathers are important 

 articles of trade. 



The Tine is extensively cultivated on the slopes and more elevated 

 plains. The district between the Tarn and the Garonne is particularly 

 adapted to the growth of the strong red wines. The vineyards have 

 an extent of about 90,000 acres. A large part of their produce is 

 made into brandy for exportation. 



The orchards and gardens occupy about 4500 acres : the walnut- and 

 chestnut-trees are of great size : the white mulberry is cultivated in 

 order to rear the silk-worm. The woods occupy about 110,000 acre*. 



Game and fresh-water fish are abundant : groat quantities of the lam- 

 prey and the ahad are taken in the Garonne in the spring. 



Manufactures an; confined chiefly to the towns. They con 

 broadcloth, serge, silk hosiery, paper, cutlery, soap, some cottou-st iitl>, 

 leather, beetroot sugar, iron, aud Hour. 



The department is divided into 3 arroudiucments, which, with their 

 subdivisions and population, are as follows : 



1. In the first arrondbsement the chief town U Montauban, which 

 U also the capital of the department, and is noticed in a separate 

 article. [MONTAUBAN.] Among the other towns are the following, 

 the population in each case bring that of the commune: C'OUM-K/C. 

 on the left bank of the Lore, with a population of 4'2'.''2, who manu- 

 facture linen, broadcloth, sugar, and leather ; and trade iu agricultural 

 produce. C'ayliu, 21 miles N.E. from Moutaubau, has remains n! 'an 

 ancient castle, and n population of 5152. Molitri, population 

 Monclar (2210). Kfonljitzat (2900). La-Francaue, population 



has a manufacture of pottery from the fine clay which is dug iu tin: 

 neighbourhood of the Tarn. S.-Antonin, on the right bank of the 

 Avoyron, at the junction of the Bonuette, has manufactures of serge 

 and other woollen stuffs, and there arc tan-yards and paper-mills : 

 considerable trade is earned on in leather aud dried plums. 

 peliste, on the left bauk of the Aveyron, has 3122 inhabitants, who 

 manufacture cotton goods, aud trade in com, wine, and heiup. 



2. In the second arrondigsement the chief town, Moiuac, U situated 

 on the Tarn, 15 miles N'.W. from Montuuban, and has a tribunal of 

 first instance, a college, and 10,541 inhabitants. The town is well 

 built. The church of St. -Pierre, which, with the cloister adjoining, 

 formed part of the Abbey of Moissac, dates from about the year 1100. 

 A walk shaded by fine trees surrounds the town on the site of the 

 former ditch ; there ii also a fine public walk along the right bank of 

 the river. Moissac trades in flour, oil, wine, aud wool. Among the other 

 towns are Auvillar, near the left bunk of the Garonne: population, 

 2178. Lausertt, north of Moi-sac, on a hill near the Banjuelone, with 

 3444 inhabitants, who trade in corn, wine, fruit?, and cattle. Montaiyu, 

 18 miles N. from Moisgac, population 4073 ; aud ralatct, on the right 

 bauk of the Garonne, population 3088. 



3. In the third arrondissemeut the chief town, Cattd-Xarrazin, is 

 situated in a fertile plain on the Azin, near the right bank of the 

 Garonne, and has a tribunal of first instance, a college, and 6950 

 inhabitants iu the commune. It is a well-built place, with some 

 remains of its old ramparts, and two fine gate-entrances. Serge, hosiery, 

 hats, ami linen are manufactured, and there is some trade in corn, oil, 

 saffrou, &c. Bcaumont-dc-Lomayne, on the Gimone, 12 miles S. from 

 Castel-Sarraziu, is a well-built town with 4112 inhabitants, who manu- 

 facture coarse woollens, tiles, and leather. I'crdun-Mur-tiarotme, on 

 the left bank of the Garonne, bos much declined, but has still tome 

 woollen manufactures and 4213 inhabitants. St.-Xicohu-de-ln- 

 (population 2033), is known for the excellent melons grown in th ; 

 surrounding district. St.-Poryuier (population 1437), is known for the 

 extensive cultivation of tobacco and saffron in the neighbourhood. 

 Mont'.ch, on a hill 9 miles S.E. from Castel-Sarraziu, has a populatiou 

 of 2758. 



The department forms the diocese of the bishop of Montaubau ; it 

 is under the jurisdiction of the High Court aud within tho limits of 

 the University-Academy of Toulouse ; and belongs to tlie 12th Military 

 Division, of which Toulouse is headquarters. Tho department returns 

 2 members to the Legislative Body of the French empire. 



(Diclionnairc de la France; Annuaire pour VAn 1853; Annuaire 

 <lu Commerce.) 



TARNOPOL. [GALICIA, AUSTRIAN.] 



TARPORLEY. [CHESHIRE.] 



TARQUI'MII, an ancient town of Etruria, on the southern bank of 



the river Marta, which empties itself into the sea a few miles below. 



According to Strabo the town was founded by Tarcou, one of the 



companions of Tyrrheuus. In the reign of Ancus Marcius, Demaratin 



of Corinth is said to have come with a band of his countryman to 



Ktruria, and to have been favourably received by the Tarquinienses; 



and the story describes him as the father of I .. Tarquiuius Priscus. 



This tradition shows that Tarquinii experienced at an early period 



considerable influence from Greece. Tiirquiuii appears to have become 



1 in a short time a great aud powerful city, as is clear from the wars 



which it carried on with Rome, and from the important remains which 



have recently been discovered ; and there is little doubt that it formed 



one of the twelve republics of Etruria. After the expulsion of Tar- 



qtiinius Superbus from Rome, in B.C. 509, the Tarquinienses unsuccess- 



' fully endeavoured to restore him by force of arms. In the 4th century 



before Christ they carried on frequent wars against Rome. At last 



' in B.C. 350 they were defeated by the ii reins Rutilus, and 



j the year after they were compelled by C. Sulpicius to lay down their 



