1-03 



TEXBY. 



TENNESSEE. 



810 



mmty court in held. The old church was earned away by a flood in 

 1 77rt, and the present edifice was erected in 1777. The Baptists have 

 a place of worship ; there are National schools and a savings bank. 

 The market-day is Tuesday ; several yearly fairs are held. 



TEN BY, Pembrokeshire, a market-town and parliamentary borough, 

 i< situated in 51 s 40' N. lat. 4 41' W. long., distant 10 miles E. from 

 I'embroke, and 244 miles W. by N. from London. The population of 

 the borough, which is contributory to Pembroke in returning a 

 member to the Imperial Parliament, was 29S2 in 1851. The living isa 

 rectory and vicarage in the archdeaconry and diocese of St David's. 



Tenby was oriiinally built by the Flemish colonists. It was defended 



l-y bostioned walls and a strong castle, of both of which there are 



1 Arable remains. Its Flemish inhabitants were celebrated for their 



woollen manufactures, and kept up a considerable trade with the 



continent. The fortifications were strengthened on the approach of 



nnUh Armada. Tenby was twice besieged during the civil war, 



nfter which the town rapidly fell into decay ; but within the present 



entury it has risen into repute as a watering-place. St. Mary's church, 



originally built by one of the old earls of Pembroke, consists of a nave, 



aisles, and chancel The tower is surmounted with a spire 152 feet 



h igh, which is painted white to serve as * landmark. There are chapels 



c&leyan Methodists, Independent*, and Baptists, National and 



Infant school", a literary and scientific institute, a subscription library 



and reading-room, baths, billiard-rooms, and a small theatre. Horse 



race* are held in August, and there is a cricket club. Markets are 



a Wednesday and Saturday. The fisheries are chiefly in the 



hands of the Brixbam fishermen. The fish are sent by steamer to 



l!ritol, or sold in the town. A new fish-market was opened in 1347. 



The supply of fish is abundant 



TKNDA. [Nice] 



TKSDRINO, Essex, a village, and the seat of a Poor-Law Union, in 

 the pariah of Tendring, is situated on the left bank of a rivulet which 

 llnws into the tea at Holland Creek, in 51* 53' N. lat., 1" 7' E. long., 

 distant 32 miles E.N.E. from Chelmsford, and 62 miles N.E. by E. 

 from London. The population of the parish of Tendring in 1351 was 

 The living is a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Colchester and 

 diocese of Rochester. Tendriug Poor-Law Union contains 32 parishes 

 and townships, with an area of 89,803 acres, and a population in 1851 

 of 27,710. Tendring is a rural village of scattered houses, containing 

 a very ancient church, a chapel for Wesleyau Methodists, and National 

 schools. 



TE'NEDOS, an island in the Greek Archipelago, off the coast of 

 Troas, lies between 39 47' and 51 N. lat., 25 58' and 26' 5' E. long. 

 It is said to have been anciently called Leucophrys. According to 

 Homer (' II.,' xi. 624), it was sacked by Achilles, and occupied by the 

 Greeks when they retired from tho siege of Troy, immediately before 

 iU capture, i Virg., ' .Kn.,' ii. 21.) It was colonised by yEolians from 

 Amyclaj in Laconia, under tho command of Peisander and Orestes. 

 Tenedos wan independent in the time of Cyrus, king of Persia, but 

 was made subject to Persia after the revolt of Ionia in the time of 

 Darius (B.C. 403) ; it was afterwards a tributary of Athens. On the 

 amrfent silver coins of the Uland are the types of a double-edged axe 

 of a peculiar form, and on the reverse a bifacial head like that of 

 Jannx. The 'Tenedica Securis' (axe of Tenedos) was a proverb 

 expressing any summary mode of executing justice or dispatching an 

 .it i r< 



Tenedos was made by tho emperor Justinian a depot for corn going 

 from Egypt to Constantinople when detained by contrary winds. 

 It contains faw remains of antiquity worth notice. The greatest 

 length of the Uland from east to west is 5 miles ; the breadth is about 

 2 miles. In the market-place is the Soros of Atticus, father of Herodes 

 Atticus. To the north of the harbour and town, which are at the 

 north-east corner of the island, is a fortress mounted with cannon. 

 The aspect of Tenedos from the sea is barren, but it u cultivated in 

 the interior, and produces wheat, cotton, and very fine red wine. 



TKNERIFE. [CAXARICS.] 



TKNIMHKH ISLANDS. [SUSDA ISIAJCDS, Later.] 



TENNESSEE, one of the United States of North America, extends 

 between 35 and 36 35' N. lat., 81 37' and 90' 23' W. long. It u 

 bounded E. by North Carolina; N.E. by Virginia; N. by Kentucky ; 

 W. by Arkansas; and 3. by Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia. Its 

 form is that of a parallelogram, with a projecting point at the north- 

 eastern angle. It* extreme length from east to west is about 450 

 miles: iU breadth is 110 miles. The area is about 44,000 square 

 miles. The population in 1850 was 1,002,717, of which G<22 were 

 free coloured persons, and 239,459 slaves : the density of population 

 was 22'7! to a square mile. The federal representative population, 

 according to the census of 1850, was 906,830, in which number three- 

 fifths of the slaves are included. This, according to the present ratio 

 of representation, entitles the state to send ten representatives to 

 Congress. To the Senate, like each of the other United States, 

 Tennessee send) two members. 



Surface a*d Soil. This state is naturally divided int > three regions, 

 which may be called the Eastern or Mountain Region, the Middle or 

 Hilly Region, and the Western or Level Region; and this division 

 l-s tolerably well with that made for the administration of 

 justice, according to which tlie country is divided into the Eastern, 

 the Middle, and the Western District. Tho first and the last are 



nearly equal in extent, each comprehending about 10,000 square miles, 

 but the Middle District is about double that size. 



The Eastern or Mountain Region lies within the ranges of the 

 Appalachian Mountains. [ALLEGHANY MOUNTAINS.] The Kittatinny 

 range, under the local designations of the Stone, Iron, Smoky, and 

 Uuik* Mountains, forms the boundary between Tennessee and North 

 Carolina. We,t of this ritlge, traversing the state nearly north, and 

 south, is the Chestnut Ridge ; and farther west, forming the western 

 limit of the mountain region of Tennessee, is the Cumberland Ridge, 

 known elsewhere as Laurel Ridge, which likewise runs in a generally 

 northern and southern direction. None of the mountains exceed 2000 

 feet iu height. The mountain region thus occupies the tract inclosed 

 between the Kittatinny and Cumberland ranges, whose most elevated 

 parts are about 70 miles distant from one another. The northern 

 half of this tract is traversed by three minor ridges, which in general 

 run parallel to the larger ranges, and thus with the outer ranges form 

 I four valleys, which are traversed by four of the upper branches of the 

 Tennessee River, namely, Powell's, Clinch, HoUtou, and Frenchbroad 

 rivers. The valleys are rather wide, but as there is little alluvial land 

 along the watercourses, their surface is uneven and broken, and tbe 

 soil, which consists mostly of siliceous gravel, is of indifferent quality, 

 except in the valleys of the Holston and Frenchbroad rivers, where it 

 contains a mixture of clay. Only a comparatively small portion of it 

 U strong enough for the growth of wheat; the greater part produces 

 rye and oats ; but the mountains afford good pasture-grounds, and 

 large herds of cattle and sheep are kept. The most elevated part of 

 the mountains is overgrown with forests of pitch-pine, which yield 

 timber, and from which tar, pitch, and turpentine are extracted. The 

 country south of 35 50' N. lat. can only be called mountainous u>Mr 

 the southern portion of the Kittatiuny Ridge and the Cumberland 

 Mountains, the interior being covered by a succession of hills rising 

 hardly more than 300 feet above their base. The soil of this tract is 

 of ia.lillereut quality, and mostly used as pasture-ground, but tho 

 forests contain many large trees, as pitch-pine, red-cedar, and black 

 walnut. Along the watercourses there are some tracts of moderate 

 extent fit for the growth of corn. 



The Hilly or Middle Region extends from the Cumberland Moun- 

 tains westward to the Tennessee River, where it traverses the stat,- !.y 

 running from south to north. The general level of tliu region is 

 several hundred feet above the sea-level, and it is covered with nume- 

 rous hills, which form several continuous ridges, such as that which, 

 under the name of Elk Ridge, runs from east to west, near 35 20' 

 N. lat., between the Elk River and Duck River. The watercourses 

 are usually much depressed below tho general level, and most of them 

 run in narrow channels. This tract varies greatly in fertility. Near 

 the Cumberland Mountains, and to the distance of twenty miles from 

 them, the soil consists chiefly of gravel mixed with limestone, and is 

 of moderate fertility ; but iu general it it better than in the mountain 

 region, and larger tracts are fit for the growth of wheat. The country 

 west of this tract is the mosi fertile portion of Tennessee ; it extends 

 over the whole of the state from north to south, an 1 reaches westward 

 to 87 W. long. The soil is not inferior to the best part of Kentucky, 

 and consists of a large portion of clay and loam mixed with sand and 

 gravel. A large quantity of wheat it produced, but ttie staple articles 

 are tobacco and ruuize. In tho better lands, especially along the Cum- 

 berland River, the common produce of maize is from CO to 70 bunhels 

 for one, and in other places 40 or 50 bushels. The forests, which still 

 cover a great part of the surface, consist chiefly of ash, elm, black 

 and honey locust, mulberry, sugar-maple, and the wild plum ; anil 

 wild grapes are abundant The western districts, or those which lie 

 near the Tennessee River, and extend about 30 miles east of it, are 

 less hilly, but they are also less fertile ; they produce the same articles, 

 but the crops arc less plentiful In some places cotton is cultivated. 



The Western or Level Region lies between the Tennessee and 

 Mississippi rivers. The surface is traversed by some swells of liigh 

 ground ; but the north-west districts are nearly a dead level, which 

 descends imperceptibly to the banks of the Mississippi, where it 

 terminates iu a large wooded swamp, called the Wood Swamp. This 

 level trout is very unhealthy and but thinly peopled. In these regions 

 every kind of groin U grown, and cotton and tobacco are extensively 

 cultivated. 



Jlydrography and Communication*. Numerous rivers drain this 

 state ; some of them have a long course, and are navigable for steam- 

 boats for a considerable distance; the others are of much value for 

 mechanical purposes. The Mississippi forms its western boundary for 

 160 miles, and is of great commercial importance. [Mississippi.] 



The Ttnnaiu River rises with numerous branches in the Appala- 

 chian Mountains: the most remote of these branches originate in 

 Virginia near 37" N. lat. and 81 20' W. long., and run south-west 

 Tuu largest branches are tho Clinch and HoUtou rivers : they unite with 

 other branches, which rise in North Carolina, in the country inclosed 

 by the Blue Ridge and the Iroa Mountains, and break through the 

 last-mentioned cii.iin. The largest of them are the Freuchbroad River, 

 the Tennessee, and tho Hiwaisee. After the^.e numerous branches 

 have united, the Tennessee traverses the mountain knot between 34" 

 and 35 2')' N. lat. It pawes through the ridge, which on the south is 

 called Look-out Mountains, and on the north Walden's Range, with 

 great impetuosity over a rocky bed : this place is culled the Suck. IU 



