TIPPERARY. 



TIPPERAUY. 



8M 



a* UM Dem MounUias ; but M it extend* north-eastward into Tippe- 

 imrv UM BH important summit* an known at the Bilbo* anil Keeper 

 MiinHtrr (the Utter 1100 fet high), and the Devil's-Hit Mountain : 

 j, era**** UM county of Tipperary in a north-eastern direction by 

 Tempiederry and Roccrea, and enters Queen's County and King's 

 OooatT. whteh it asperate* from each other, and where it U known 

 under UM ili^t"ti-n of Slieve Bloom. Keeper and Bilboa and the 



of the rang* eonaUt of clay-slate, generally flanked by 

 To UM north-ea*t of Templcderry the range U entirely 

 f sandstone. Copper was formerly dug in theae mountains, 

 at Uckamore, ve mile* ea*t of Newport Copper is now fcund at 

 HoUyford, and lead mixed with silver U obtained nt Shnllce and 

 Silnrainea. 



Near to* lower part of Lough Derg, one of the lake* through which 

 UM Shannon flow*, are the Am Mountains, a group occupying a small 

 of this county on the western side, and extending across the 

 nnn into UM county of Clara. Then are quarries iu these moun- 

 tain which yield slate not inferior to that of North Wales. 



The rest of UM county is occupied by the stratified limestone, 

 t a portion of UM district between the southern groups of moun- 

 ~'Te-na-Man and UM Oaltees) and the central range, which is 

 by UM coal-field of KiUenaule ; and one or two small tracts 

 western aide of the county, where trap-rocks appear irter- 

 strati&ed with the limestone. 



The coal-field of Killeuaule extends about 18 miles in length from 

 north-east to south-wrst, from near the river Nore to the neighbour- 

 hood of Cashel, and about 6 miles in breadth. It is partly in this 

 county and partly in that of Kilkenny. There are two very small 

 outlying portions near Cashel. This coal-field varies in its elevation, 

 being highest and most abrupt on the north-western side, where the 

 hills rise from 300 to 600 feet above the limestone plain. Towards 

 the south-east the surface declines gradually, and the streams which 

 water the tract mostly flow in that direction. Immediately above the 

 limestone, shale and gritstone alternate, there being two beds of each : 

 UM upper gritstone, when not covered by the superior beds, consti- 

 tutes the main body of the elevated part of the coal-hills : it is marked 

 by repeated undulations, forming unequal ridges, with intervening 

 hollows or troughs, having their greatest extension or length generally 

 from north-east to south-west. In these troughs the coal-beds are 

 found resting upon fire-clay, which intervenes between them and the 

 griutotte, and forms the floor of the coal, and covered by shale, grit, 

 and then shale again. The coal is of the nature of blind coal, or 

 anthracite. 



Climate, Soil, and Ayricuiturc. The climate of Tipperary, though 

 drier than that of the maritime counties, is sufficiently moist, and the 

 hilly district* arc cold, but it is reckoned very healthy on the whole-. 

 The soil, a rich calcareous loam, is of extraordinary fertility, especially 

 in the lower grounds of the district* called the Golden Vale, and of 

 which Tipperary town forms the centre, extending from Limerick to 

 the borders of the county of Kilkenny ; and another district, occupying 

 the level tracts of the baronies of Upper and Lower Ormond. The 

 number of acres under crop in 1853 was 310,264 ; of which 42,125 

 acres were wheat; 89,883 acres, oat* ; 17,756 acres, barley, bere, rye, 

 peas, and beans; 46,008 seres, potatoes ; 30,687 acres, turnips; 5301 

 acres, other green crops; 336 acres, flax; and 78,170 acres, meadow 

 and clover. In 1841 the total extent of plantation, including detached 

 tree* and orchards, amounted to 29,602 acres. In 1852 there were 

 24,786 holding., on which were 25,386 horses, 12,326 mules and asses, 

 100,494 cattle, 177,866 sheep, 81,789 pigs, 14,806 goats, and 437,948 

 bead of poultry. Agriculture forms nearly the entire occupation of 

 the county ; wheat of excellent quality is largely grown and exported, 

 a* i* also flour and mral ; and dairies are numerous, butter being the 

 next largest product for exportation. There are establishment* at 

 Nenagh and Roeeraa for the preparation of flax. 

 ZKmAMM, TWw. Ac. The county is in the dioceses of Cashel, Emly, 



ullalo*, and Lismore, and contains 198 parishes. It is divided into 

 two ridings North and South ; and the North Hiding into 6 baronies 



-Ormond town- and Upper, Owney and Arm, Ikcrrin, Eliogarty, and 

 Upper Kilnemanagh ; the South Riding into baronies-Slieveardagh, 

 Lower Kilnemanagh, Middletbird, Clanwilliam, East and West Ofla 

 and IB*. The principal towns are CAHIK, CLOHMKL, NBNAOH, 

 CAMJCK-OK-SUIR, TnuBLn, Timuuar, CASHKL, ROSCMA, and 



looanx, which are noticed under their respective titles; with 

 ward and Templeoore, which we notice here, together with the 

 nailer towns and principal villages : the population is that of 1851. 

 _'*'< municipal, market, and post town, 9 mile* N. from 

 doBmel, population 277. The town is chiefly on the left bank of a 

 mall stream, the OlashalL There are a parish church, and chapels 

 for Presbyterians, Primitive Methodist*, and Roman Catholic*. There 



re alw an infantry barrack, a poll" rtation, a loan-fund office, and a 

 dimosarr. The town was formerly walled, and most of the walls 

 and of .tie gateway towers remain. A market is held weekly, and 



j "L j four Um " * *** Tht town WM incorporated at an 

 eatjy period and sent two member* to the Irish Parliament, but was 

 disfranchised at UM Union. 



KyiUmvt, a market and pott town, 9 miles N. from Thurlos, 

 population 4875. It i* supposed to derive it* name from the Knight* 

 Templars, who bad a house bere. The town is pleasantly situated 



near the right bank of the Suir, and is well built and neat. The 

 church has a handsome tower and spire. There are chnpels for 

 lioman Catholics and Methodist*, a good market and court-house, a 

 bridewell, extensive barracks, a fever hospital and dispensary, and ball- 

 ami news-rooms. A market is held weekly, and eight nnnl fain 

 are held. 



Itallina, a village on the left bank of the Shannon, near where it 

 leaves Lough Derg, is a suburb of Killaloe, county Clare. [KlLLALOE.] 

 Horrit-o-Kant, a small town, 91 miles W.S.W. from Dublin, on the 

 road from Parsonstown to Nenagh : population 1170. The town is 

 watered by a small stream which flows into Lough Derg. There arc 

 a parish church, a chapel, police barracks, a dispensary and fever 

 hospital, and a small bridewell. There are some remains of a square 

 castle of massive construction, called Tumbricane. Four fairs are held 

 in the year. Borris-o- Leaglt, a small town, 5 miles S.W. from Temple- 

 more : population 1125. There are a church and a Roman Catholic 

 chapel. Three yearly fairs are held. A body of the county con- 

 stabulary are posted in the town, and there is a dispensary. Cloyh- 

 jortlan, a village and post-town, about 8 miles N.K. from Nenagh : 

 population 1053. There i* a district church, of light and elegant 

 architecture, built in 1830 ; and there are meeting-houses for Baptists, 

 Wealeyan and Primitive Methodists; also a dispensary and fever 

 hospital. EJCLT. Galdrn, a small market- and post-town, about 4 

 miles W. from Cashel, on the road to Tipperary, population about 

 500, i* delightfully situated in the Qolden Vale, one of the most fertile 

 district* of the county, and is divided into two part* by the river Suir, 

 over which is a stone bridge. In the neighbourhood are the remains 

 of Athassel Abbey. The pariah church and a Roman Catholic chapel 

 are in the town. Four market* are held in the year. KUIenaule, a 

 market- and post-town, 16 miles N. from Clonmel, population about 

 1500. There are a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, 

 and police barracks A weekly market and six yearly fairs are held. 

 MuUinahone, a small post-town, on the road between Callan and Fetlurd, 

 population 101 1. A considerable quantity of butter is sold here at the 

 weekly market, and there are four yearly fairs for cattle and pigs. 

 There are a church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and a 

 loan-fund. Newport, a small market- and post-town, on the rood from 

 Silverminea to Limerick, population 1114. The parish church is in 

 the town; and there are a Roman Catholic chapel, a bridewell, a 

 dispensary, and infantry barracks. There ore four yearly fairs, one of 

 them a large cattle fair. .S'lYwmine*, a village, about 5 miles S. from 

 Nenagb, population about 600. It is surrounded by a mountainous 

 district called the Silrermines, forming a part of the Keeper Mountains. 

 Lead-mines were formerly worked here, the produce of which yielded 

 an unusual quantity of silver; but in the parliamentary war of 1641 

 the works were destroyed, and the miners (chiefly foreigners) massacred. 

 The working of the mines has been resumed of late years. The pariah 

 church and a lioman Catholic chapel are in the village, and there is a 

 dispensary. There are four yearly fairs. 



The county returns four members to the Imperial Parliament : two 

 for the county at large, and one for each of the boroughs of Cashel 

 and Clonmel. It is in the Leinster circuit. The assizes for the North 

 Riding are held in Nenagh, for the South Riding in Clonmel, each of 

 these towns having a county jail. Quarter sessions for the North 

 Hiding are held at Nenagh, Roscrea, and Thurles ; for the South 

 Hiding at Clonmel, Carrick-on-Suir, Cashel, Clogheen, New Birming- 

 ham, Newport, Roscrea, Templemore, Thurles, and Tipperary. Petty 

 sessions ore held in 22 places. There are three stipendiary magistrates 

 in the North Riding, two at Nenagh and one at Borris-o-Kane ; and 

 four in the South Hiding, one each at Cahir, Carrick-on-Suir, Thurles, 

 and Tipperary. The Lunatic Asylum is at Clonmel, the county 

 Infirmary at Cashel, and Fever hospitals are at Cahir, Carrick-on-Suir, 

 Cashel, Clogheen, Clonmel, Roecrea, Templemore, Thurles, and Tip- 

 perary. There are 46 dispensaries in the county. Savings banks are 

 at Cashel, Clonmel, Roscrea, and Thurles ; and loan-funds at Cahir, 

 Cashel, Fethard, Nenagh, Roscrea, and Tipperary. The Union work- 

 houses are at Clonmel, Borris-o-Kane, Nenagh, Carrick-on-Suir, Cashel, 

 Clogheen, Roscrea, Thurles, and Tipperary. The northern purt of tho 

 county is in the military district of Limerick ; the eastern part, in- 

 cluding Clonmel and Carrick-on-Suir, is in the Kilkenny distrir- 

 September 1852 there were 199 National schools, attended by 14,889 

 male and 14,054 female children. 



Hittory and A ntiguUia. Sir James Ware supposes that the Corioudi 

 and the Udite, or rather Uodise, of Ptolemotus, occupied this county 

 and the adjacent ones to the west and south-west We think it not 

 improbable that the Brigantes may have occupied the south-eastern 

 parts, while the Uodise occupied the south-western. In the division 

 which prevailed before the English conquest, Tipperary appears to 

 have been divided between the kingdom of Thomond, or North 

 Munster, governed by princes of the Dalonssian race ; and Desmond, 

 or South Munster, held by princes of the Eoganacht, or Kugenian, 

 family ; the princes of which two kingdoms appear to have possessed 

 in alternate succession the paramount dominion of Munster. One of 

 these sovereigns, Mukertach, in 1101, gave the city of Cashel to the 

 church, dedicating it to God and St. Patrick. 



In the English invasion, Henry II. (1172) summoned on assembly of 

 the Irish prelates and princes at Cashel, where the sovereignty of the 

 English king was recognised, and various regulations were made, 



