87J 



TOURCOING. 



TRAJANOPOLIS. 



874 



, now occupied as a museum. The nave and portal of the 

 cathedral are more ancient than the choir. The choir, erected in the 

 loth century as part of a new edifice designed to replace the older one, 

 i- described by the same author aa one of the most beautiful in 

 France. The choir is not in a line with the nave; so that the whole 

 structure has a very irregular figure. The town-hall, or capitol, is 

 almost entirely a modern building, erected on the site of a more ancient 

 one. It has a front of about 380 feet long by 128 feet high, and is of 

 most imposing appearance. A gallery termed ' Galerie des lilustres,' 

 is set apart for busts of those persons, natives of the city or connected 

 with it, whom the town has thought worthy of the honour of a place. 

 The ex-palace of the archbishop, now occupied by the prefect of the 

 department, is the handsomest modern building after the capitol. 

 The museum in the cloister and church of the Grands Augustins con- 

 tains a number of antiquities which have been collected in the 

 department. Besides thcs i edifices may be noticed the theatre, the 

 new court-houses, the veterinary school, the church of La-Dorade, 

 built on the site of an ancient heathen temple, and that of St. Saturnin, 

 the interior of which is very impressive ; tha vast hospitals of the 

 Jli.tel-Dieu and St-Joseph-de-la-Giave, the Bazacle and Chateau corn- 

 mills, the Calvinist chapel, the synagogue, the abattoirs, and the 

 bridge and bas-relief at the junction of the Cau.il-du-Mi.li and the 

 Canal-de-Brienne. This latter canal, which is very short, connects 

 the Garonne at the mill of Bazacle, adjacent to the town wall, with the 

 Cmal-du Midi. In the lle-de-Tounis, a small island in the Garonne 

 opposite tho town, and indeed forming part of it (for the island is 

 covered with buildings), are the ruins of the Castle of Narbounai*, 

 the former residence of the count* of Toulouse. Toulouse has scarcely 

 nny remains of Roman buildings. There are a large public garden, 

 a botanic garden, rick especially in plants from the Pyrenees, anil in 

 exotics, where courses ou instruction in botany are given ; an obser- 

 vatory and a public walk, ' Cours Dillon,' in the Faubourg St-Cyprien, 

 on the bank of tho Garonne. 



Toulouse has bell-foundries and copper-mill.', a very large manufactory 

 of tickles, files, and other hardwares, and a number of establishments 

 for different branches of the iron-manufacture; printing-offices, oil- 

 mills, brandy-distilleries, breweries, dye-houses, tan-yards, rope-walks, 

 Hour-mills ; manufactories of wax, wax-caudles, paper-hangings, oil- 

 cloth, musical strings, morocco leather, cotton- and woollen-yarn, 

 blankets, counterpanes, printed cottons, hats, straw-hats, earthenware, 

 porcelain, and snuff. Trade U carried on with Spain, with the ports 

 of Bordeaux and Marseille, and with the interior : the Spanish trade 

 U the most important. The chief export is of wheat and flour, the 

 produce of the surrounding country, which was eminent for it* pro- 

 ductiveness in corn as early as in the time of Cassar. ('Da Bell. Gall.,' 

 i. 10.) Toulouse U celebrated also for its duck-liver pies, of which a 

 great number are sent to other ports of France. There are two great 

 markets in the year for flowers and salt-pork ; and eight fairs, includ- 

 ing four or eight days each, and two of three days ; one of the eight- 

 day fairs is an important fair for wool and woollen-cloth. By means 

 of the Canal-du-Midi and the Garonne, Toulouse has ready water com- 

 munication with the Mediterranean and Atlantic ports of France. A 

 railway in course of construction from Bordeaux to CVtte passes 

 through Toulouse. 



Toulouse U the chief town of the department ; it is the scat of a 

 High Court, whoso jurisdiction comprehends the departments of 

 Arioge, Haute-Garonne, Tarn, and Tarn-et-Garonne, and of a Univer- 

 sity-Academy, tho limits of which embrace the departments just 

 named, and also those of Aveyron, Gers, Lot, and Hautea-Pyrcnces. 

 It is also the head-quaiters of the 12th Military Division, comprehend- 

 ing the departments of Hautc-Garonne, Lot, Tarn, and Tarn-et- 

 Garonne. It has an assize-court, a chamber and tribunal of com- 

 merce, a tribunal of first instance, a mint, and several fiscal govern- 

 offices. There are a royal cannon foundry, on arsenal, and an 

 artillery school. 



St. Saturninua, the first bishop of Toulouse, suffered martyrdom, 

 A.D. 2.JU ; the city did not attain to metropolitan rank till the llth 

 century. The provinces of Toulouse and Narbonnc are under the 

 archbishop of Toulousd and Narbonne. The archdiocese includes the 

 department of Haute-Garonne, and the archbishop's suffragans are the 

 bishops of Montauban, Fanners, and Carcassonne. 



Toulouse possesses many establishments for public instruction ; and 

 there are several learned societies which distribute prizes. The most 

 eminent of these is the Academic des Jeux Floraux, or Society of the 

 Floral Games, instituted in 1S23. The poetical contests held by the 

 society were either established or revived by Clemence Isaure, a young 

 lady of family, who devoted her property to form a perpetual endow- 

 ment for these games, which are still kept up. There are an academy 

 of inscriptions, sciences, and belles-lettres; an academy of painting, 

 sculpture, and architecture; an endowed college, a seminary for the 

 priesthood, a secondary school of medicine and surgery, schools of 

 chemistry, and midwifery ; and societies of medicine, of the fine arts, 

 anil of agriculture. Toulouse has a public library containing about 

 60,000 volumes, and many printing and publishing offices, a botanic 

 , a departmental nursery, a mont-de-piete, two hospitals, an 

 orphan asylum, and an observatory, where courses of instruction on 

 astronomy arc given. 



TuURCOlNG. [JCona] 



TOURNAY (Doornik), an important town in the province of 

 Hainault, in the kingdom of Belgium, 160 miles by railway S.W. from 

 Brussels, and 47 miles S. from Ghent. This town was called Tornacus 

 in the 5th century, when it was seized by the barbarians who overran 

 Gaul. It was among the early acquisitions of the Franks, and was 

 for a while the capital of Clovis. It was besieged and taken (1513) 

 by the English under Henry VIII. Having reverted to the French, 

 it was again taken (1521) by the count of Nassau, one of the generals 

 of the emperor Charles V. and ceded by the treaty of Madrid (1525) 

 to the emperor. During the religious troubles of the Netherlands, 

 the Protestants committed great disorders here (1566); and the town, 

 having joined in the revolt against Spain, was taken (1581) by the 

 Duke of Parma, and remained under the dominion of Spain. It was 

 taken by Louis XIV. (1667) and ceded to France by the peace of 

 Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) : but having been again taken (1709) by the 

 allies under Marlborough and Eugene, it was at the peace of Utrecht 

 (1713) ceded with the rest of the Spanish Netherlands to Austria. It 

 was taken (1745) by the French uud-r Louis XV., but restored at the 

 peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748. It was repeatedly taken (1792-94) in 

 the early part of the war of the French revolution. 



Touruay is situated on the Schelde, which divides tho town into 

 two parts, the old town ou the left bank and tha new town on tho 

 right : the old town occupies the site of the Tornaous of the ancients: 

 the new town is of later origin, and is distinguished from the old by 

 the neatness and straightuess of its streets, by its well-built houses, 

 and by its handsome quay planted with tree.~, which forms the most 

 frequented promenade of the city. The cathedral in tho old town is 

 a large and fine gothic building with several towers, surmounted with 

 The interior of the church is adorned with some of the 

 paintings of Rubens, several fine marble sculptures, and a profusion 

 of finely executed ornamental carvings. The tomb of the Prankish 

 king Childeric I. was discovered nearly two centuries ago, in demolish- 

 ing an old house, near tho cathedral. The church of .St.-Martin, the 

 episcopal palace, the town-hall, the bell-tower, and the hospital for 

 old clergymen, are among the other principal edifices. The town is 

 fortified, and is entered by seven gates : it has several suburbs. 



The population of Tournay is about 40,000. The manufactures of 

 the town are important, and comprehend woollen-stuffs, cotton-yarn, 

 printed cottons, dimities and other cotton goods, carpets, hosiery, 

 linen, swanskin, paper, hats, leather, earthenware, porcelain, oil, 

 liqueurs, bronze, &c. There are dye-houses and lime-kilns, and 

 several large Dour-mills. Considerable trade is carried on. Vessels 

 of 150 tons r, ach the town by the Schelde, and it is connected by 

 railways with all the important towns of Belgium and the north of 

 Franco. The town has a commercial court, a chamber of commerce, 

 an exchange, a theatre, an academy of drawing, sculpture, and archi- 

 tecture, an orphan house, five hospitals, several churches, and a public 

 library of 22,000 volumes. Touruay is the scat of a bishopric which 

 dates from the 5th century ; the bishop is a suffragan of the arch- 

 bishop of Mechelen or Malines. 



TOURN'ON. [LOT-ET-GABONHK.] 



TOURNL'S. [SAOXKKT-LOIBE.] 



TOURS. [INDKE-ET-LOIBE.] 



TOW-LAW. [DuiiUAM.] 



TOWCKSTKB, Northamptonshire, a market-town and tho seat of 

 a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Towcester, is situated on the 

 right bank of the river Tow, in 52 8' N. lat, 59' W. long., distant 

 8 miles S.S.W. from Northampton, 60 miles N.W. from London by 

 road. The population of the town in 1851 was 2173. The living is 

 a vicarage in the archdeaconry of Northampton and diocese of 

 Peterborough. Towcester Poor-Law Union contains 23 parishes and 

 townships, with an area of 42,216 acres, and a population in 1851 of 

 12,806. 



Towcester appears to have been the Roman station, Lactodorum. 

 The town contains some well-built houses and shops, and is lighted 

 with gas. The church is a neat building, with a tower 90 feet high ; 

 the nave is early English, the chancel decorated, and the rest of the 

 church perpendicular in style. There are chapels for Wesleyan 

 Methodists, Baptists, and Independents, a Grammar school, and 

 National schools. The manufacture of pillow-lace, and of boots nud 

 shoes for exportation, are the chief employments in the town. The 

 market is on Tuesday; fairs arc held ou May 13th, October 29th, and 

 on Shrove Tuesday. A county court is held iu the town. 



TuWY, RIVER. [CAEUMAUTHEXSIHHE.] 



TOWVN. LMK1UONKTMSH1HE.J 



TRAJANO'l'OLl, a small town iu European Turkey, situated on 

 the Maritza between Adrianople and Enos, and a place of no import- 

 ance except that it marks the site of the ancient Trujanopolit. Tho 

 ancient town was most probably built and adorned with beautiful 

 buildings by the emperor Trajan. Trajauopolis was situated on the 

 Hebrus, at a little distance north of the pass which is formed by this 

 river through the range of Mount Rhodope, and about 40 miles from 

 iU mouth. In the 4th century A.D. Trajanopolis was still a consider- 

 able town, and so it was in the time of Constautine Porphyrogenitus. 

 An ancient aqueduct still remains near Trajauopoli. 



TRAJANO'POLIS, or SELl'NUS, was the most western town of 

 Cilicia. The emperor Trnjanus having died at Selinus, this town was 

 for some time called TrajauopolU. It was situated at the mouth of 



