TRAPANL 



TRKBI7.0ND. 



Sicily it Bud* in iu territory. A few mile* weit of Alcamo, in the 

 BhM of olitud*, TB the rrinuns of Stgttta, remitting of a fine 

 Dane tempi* iu good preservation, the ruins of a tbe*tro, and part 

 at the city walla, Pur/amia, an inland town cait of Cartel Vetrano, 

 kM about 10,000 inhabitant*. New Trapani U the town of ><n 

 ll.mliamf, on the top of Mount Kryx (2184 feet high), with about 

 000 inhabitant*. San Oiuliano hu grown up round the *ite of the 

 famoui temple of Venui Erycina, which is now occupied by a castle 

 ui id a* a prion. The temple wai strongly fortified in ancient times. 

 Th* city of Krvx wa itaatod about half-way up the mountnin. 



Tb Ulands of Favignan*. Levanzo, and Mnretimo, as well us the 

 mailer group of the >*<, and the small iflamls near Cape Lily- 

 kxpum, one of which it the ancient Motya, rarly colonised by the 

 Phoraiciani, and subsequently a stronghold of the Carthaginians, nn 

 early Phoenician colony, belong to the administrative province of 

 Trai-ani. (SiciLT.] 



TRA'PAXI, a town on the north-west coast of Sicily, built on the 

 site of the ancient Drepanmn. on a point of land projecting into the 

 a, and faring the ialand of Levanzo, which is 10 miles west from it. 

 Th* port of Drepanum was a place of traffic from the oldest times 

 on record, and iU Greek name, ' Drqwnon ' (a scythe), is expressive 

 of the form of the promontory on which it stands. There are how- 

 ever no remains of antiquity at Trapani. On an insulated rock which 

 (lands at the entrance of the harbour is a small fort called Colatn- 

 barm. The harbour of Trapani is formed by nature, being an inlet of 

 the sea between the promontory and the mainland, protected on the 

 west by the rock above mentioned, but open to the south-west wind. 

 Trapani U one of the principal ports of Sicily, and carries on a con- 

 siderable trade. One of the chief articles of export is salt, which is 

 obtained by the evaporation of the sea-water in the extensive salterns 

 along the coast. Great numbers of tunny fish are caught in May and 

 June; the fish is pickled and largely exported to Italy. The coral 

 fishery is another branch of trade. Boats from Trapani gather the 

 coral along the coast of Barbary, after which it is worked in the town 

 for export. Great quantities of anchovies ore also caught along the 

 coast in February, March, and April, and cured for export. Sumach 

 U also exported. Trapani has a collegiate church, numerous other 

 churches and convents, among which those of the Jesuits and 

 Carmelites arc most worthy of notice ; a handsome town-house, with 

 a fine facade adorned with the statues of Philip V. of Spain and of 

 Victor Amadous of Savoy, both kings of Sicily ; several palaces of 

 the nobility, a royal college, an orphan asylum, several hospitals, a 

 monte-di-pieto, and about 24,000 inhabitants. The town is inclosed 

 by walls, and is defended by a fortress. The streets are wide and 

 well-paved. 



TKAPANI ISLANDS. [SiciLT.] 



THAPEZUS. [TIIEBIZOXD.] 



TRAS-OS-MONTKS, a province of Portugal, situated between 41 4' 

 and 41* 5T' N. lat., 6 13' and 8 7' W. long., is bounded K. and N.E. 

 by the Spanish province nf Leon, N. by that of Galicia, W. by the 

 Portuguese province of Eutre Uouro e Minbo, nnd S. by that of Beira. 

 The greatest length from east to west is about 90 miles ; the greatest 

 width from north to south is about GO miles. The area is 4020 square 

 mile*. The population in 1852 was 311,406. The province is divided 

 into two district* a* follows : 



The dntricU are subdivided into 11 comnrcas, or judiciary divisions, 

 44 concelhw, or communal divisions, and 660 parishes, as follows : 



.Sir/a. The gtcat offset from the Cantabrian mountain-chain 

 which forms the main boundary between Galicia and Portugal, throws 

 off Myeral ridge* into Tros os-Montes. These ridges have a geneml 

 direction from north to south, the Serras of Geres, Santa Catarina, 

 and Mario, separating this province from that of Entre Douro e Minbo 

 whence the name 'traa o* monies,' 'beyond the mountains.' The 

 northern and western parts of the province consist entirely of moun- 

 tains with narrow valleys between them. Towards the south the 

 mountains diminish in height and extent, and the valleys have a 

 greater width. 



ri. The Douro, changing its direction above Miranda from 

 wet to south-south-west, forms the greater part of the boundary on 

 the Mat between this province and Spain. It afterwards flows west- 

 ward, forming the line of separation on the south between Traces- 

 Monte* and Beira. All tte other rivers have a southern course, and 



enter the Douro by the northern bank. The Sabor rises in the north- 

 eastern part of the province, and having been joined by the Macas and 

 the Aiibo, enters the Douro below the town of Torre de Moncorvo. 

 The Tua originates from several streams, all of which rise among the 

 mountains which Feparate this province from Galicin. The Corgo 

 rises in the mountains of the western side nf the province. The 

 Tamega enters this province from Galicia. and flowing in a south-west 

 direction, afterwards enters the province of Kutre Douro e Minho. 



Soil and 1'roductiont. The valleys of the Sabor, the Tua, the Corgo, 

 and tho Tamega, are very fertile, and produce abundantly wheat, rye, 

 maize, beans, and fruits. In those parts which are sheltered from tho 

 northern winds olive-trees and mulberry-trees ore cultivated. On the 

 well-sheltered banks of the principal rivers, and especially on tho 

 right bank of the Douro abundance of grapes are grown, which supply 

 tho finest of the red wines shipped from Oporto. Cattle, sheep, 

 horses, and mules are pastured on tho slopes of the mountains, and 

 large numbers of hogs aro fattened on the produce of the chestnut- 

 trees. Game is very abundant, and the streams contain plenty of 

 fish. There are manufactures of woollens, linens, and silk. 



Towns. liraganfa, the capital of tho province and the see of a 

 bishop, is situated in 41 52' N. lat, 6 40' W. long., on the Fervenca, 

 an affluent of the Sabor. It was formerly surrounded by walls, which 

 are now in ruins, and it has an old castle of some strength. It contains 

 two churches and a college, and has manufactures of velvet and other 

 silk fabrics. The population is about 5000. It was erected into a 

 duchy in 1442. In 1610 Joilo II., eighth duke of Braganca, became 

 King of Portugal, and from him the sovereigns of that country have 

 since descended. Chares, 48 miles W. from Brsganca, stands on a 

 rocky eminence, and is irregularly fortified, but the works nre now in 

 a ruinous state. It has a small citadel in somewhat better repair. 

 The river is crossed by a Roman bridge of 18 arches. There are hot 

 sulphureous springs and baths in the vicinity, which are well fre- 

 quented. The population of tho town is about 6000. Miranda de 

 Douro, 28 miles S.E. from Braganca, stands on the west bank of the 

 Douro, which is here very narrow and rapid, with deep banks almost 

 perpendicular : the population is about 5000. There is no bridge 

 here ; but about two miles higher up the river is passed by means of 

 a barge, forming a communication with the roads of Zumora and 

 Salamanca. Mirandella, 37 miles S.W. from Braganya, stands on the 

 east bark of the Tua, over which there is a stone bridge of 19 arches 

 and 200 yards in length. It is surrounded by old walls, and contains 

 a population of ] 700. Torre de Moncorvo, 50 miles S. by W. from 

 Braganca, is situated near the eastern bank of the Sabor, about 

 7 miles above its confluence with the Douro. It is defended by ram- 

 parts, and has a square citadel. It contains a handsome church, and 

 has a population of about 2000. Villa Real, 65 miles S.W. from 

 Braganca, is situated on a steep hill, near tho west bank of the Corgo, 

 which is here crossed by a stone bridge. The town is partly sur- 

 rounded by an old wall, and contains two churches. The population 

 is about 4500. 



TRASYMENUS, LAKE. [PERUGIA.] 



THAU. [DALMATU.] 



TRAUN, RIVER. [AusTiiiA.l 



TRAVANCORE. [HINDUSTAN.] 



TRAVE, RIVER. [HOLSTEIN.] 



TRAVEMiJNDE. [LiJBECK.] 



TRAVNIK, TRAUNIK, TRAWNIK, or TRAWNITX, a town in 

 Turkish Bosnia, residence of the pasha of the province, and the mili- 

 tary capital of Bosnia, is situated in a narrow valley screened by high 

 hills on the left bank of the Laschwa, a feeder of the Bosnia, and has 

 a permanent population of about 10,000 inhabitants. It is defended 

 by a castle flanked with towers, which serves also for a prison. The town 

 is ill built ; the streets are narrow, gloomy, crooked, and dirty. The 

 houses are built of wood ; and the pasha's residence, and the mansions 

 of the rich proprietors, are distinguished from ordinary dwellings only 

 by their greater size. There are several mosques and bazaars, and two 

 or three khans. Travnik is famous for the manufacture of sabres of 

 good temper; it is also a place of some commercial importance. The 

 environs are covered with orchards and gardens. The inhabitants nre 

 almost all Mussulmans; there are however a few resident .li-wn. 

 Besides tho permanent population there is usually a large body of 

 troops quartered in Travnik, for whom several new fortified barracks 

 have been recently erected. 



TREBBIA. [Po.l 



THEBES. [AUDE.] 



TREBIZOND, the ancient Trapciu, a town situated on the Pontus 

 Kuxiuus, in the eastern corner of 1'outus iu Asia Minor. Trapezus 

 was a colony of Sinope, a town founded by tho Milesians. Xenophon 

 with his 10,000 Greeks came to Trebizond iu his retreat ('Ann! 

 iv. 8). During the wars between, the Romans and Mithridates, 

 Trebizond fell into the hands of the Romans, and henceforth belonged 

 to the Roman empire. Hadrian ordered the port to be secured by a 

 mole. Trebizond was a free town and had its own coins : on some of 

 these there is on one side an anchor, and on the other the prow of a 

 ship, two emblems which seem to prove the importance of the com- 

 lueixo of this town. During tho reign of Valerian, Trebizond was a 

 large and opulent town, but it was taken, plundered, and paitly 

 destroyed by the barbarians. During a long period Trebizond seems 



