TRIESTE. 



TRINIDAD. 



U undoubtedly one of the oldest in Germany. When Julius Csesar 

 was in Gaul, the Treviri were a powerful people. The chief city of 

 the Treviri was afterwards called Augusta. In later times it was the 

 residence of the emperors Constantius, Constantino the Great, Julian, 

 Valentinian, Valens, Gratian, and Theodosius ; and was so eminent 

 for its commerce, manufactures, wealth, and extent, that Ausoniua 

 calls it the second metropolis of the empire. It was nearly annihilated 

 by the Huns, the Goths, and the Vandals, yet subsequently almost 

 recovered its ancient splendour under the archbishops of Treves, some 

 of whom maintained large armies, which they led to the field in per- 

 son, and greatly enlarged their dominions, so that they obtained 

 considerable political influence in Germany. Treves was taken by the 

 Duke of Marlborough in 1704, and during the wars of the French 

 revolution suffered, like other German cities, by having its churches 

 and convents plundered of their wealth, their buildings being con- 

 verted into stables or warehouses. It was assigned to Prussia by the 

 congress of Vienna. The population (exclusive of the garrison and 

 the suburbs) is about 17,000. The city is an oblong parallelogram a 

 mile and a half in length, and including within its limits several large 

 gardens. The streets are irregular and for the most part narrow; 

 there are nine suburbs and eleven gates. Treves is the seat of the 

 governor, of a Catholic bishop and chapter, and of several tribunals 

 and public offices. The university, founded in 1454, and greatly 

 extended in 1722, was converted by the French into a central school, 

 and is now called a gymnasium ; it has a library of above 70,000 

 volumes and 2000 manuscripts, among which is a Codex Aureus of 

 the four Gospels. Among the public buildings, the following are the 

 most worthy of notice : The ancient electoral palace, now converted 

 inlo barracks ; it stands partly on the site of an immense Roman 

 edifice, of which only a fragment now remains, the walls of which are 

 90 feet high and 10 .feet thick. It is said to have been the residence 

 of Constantine. The cathedral of St. Peter and St. Helena, in the 

 earliest Byzantine style, is chiefly remarkable for its altars and its 

 marble gallery. It U believed to have formed part of the basilica, or 

 palace of. the empress Helena, who converted her residence into a 

 church. The Liebfrauenkirche (church of Our Laxly), built between 

 1--T and 1248, is one of the finest specimen* of the pointed style. 

 But the church of St. Simeon is the most important Koman monu- 

 ment in Germany. It was probably built in the time of Constantine, 

 between 314 and 322. In the llth century it was consecrated and 

 dedicated to St. Simeon by Archbishop Poppo. The double gateway, 

 or portal, formed the eutrance to the city, and was called Port* 

 Martin, and also I'orta Nigra, and is now called the Roman Gate. Since 

 Treves has been in the possession of Prussia, all the additions by which 

 the Roman Gate was deformed have been cleared away, and it U 

 restored as far as possible to its original form. Few cities are so rich 

 in Roman antiquities. Among other Koman remains are the baths, 

 the araphi'hentre, now nearly destroyed, and the bridge over the 

 Moselle. The village of Ige), about 6 miles from Treves, is remark- 

 able for a Roman obelisk 72 feet high, presumed to be the monument 

 of the family of the Secundini It U the most richly-ornamented 

 Roman monument in all Germany. Treves, though not a manu- 

 facturing town, properly speaking, has however some manufactures of 

 cloth, woollens, porcelain, hats, tobacco, paper-hangings, soap, several 

 breweries and distilleries, and a very considerable trade in wine, 

 timber, coals, and com. 



The archbishop of Treves was archchancellor of the holy Roman 

 empire, and had the bishops of Hetx, Toul, and Verdun as bin 

 suffragans. He was the second in rank among the electors, and gave 

 the first vote at the election of the emperors. From Eucherius to the 

 last archbishop there were 114 bUhop.i and archbishops. \Vh-n 

 France, by the treaty of Luneville, obtained the greater part of the 

 country, the archbishopric, with the electorate, was abolished. 

 Clemens Wenceslaun, of the house of Saxony, the last elector, received 

 as an indemnity an annuity of 300,000 florins, and the episcopal 

 palace at Augsburg, where he died in 1812. 



TRIESTE, a circle of the Maritime Crownland, or Illyrian Littoral, 

 on the Adriatic, in Austria, consist* of the immediate territory of the 

 city of Trieste, the rest of the crownlaud being distributed between 

 the circles of Guritz and Iitria. The area U about 34 square miles, 

 and the population about 100,000. 



TRIESTE, or TKIEST, once a Roman colony (called by Pliny and 

 Pomponius Mela Ttryatt), is now a flourishing commercial city and 

 sea-port, the capital of the Austrian Littoral. It is situated in 45' 48 

 N. lat, 13 3s' E. long., at the north-western extremity of the Gulf 

 of Venice. It consists of two parts : the old town, standing on a hill 

 with a castle on the summit, and the new town, called Theresienstadt, 

 which U built on level ground extending to the sea-side. Between the 

 two parts is a spacious thoroughfare called the Corso, which opens 

 upon several handsome squares, one of which is adorned with a column 

 surmounted by a statue of the emperor Charles VI. The old town 

 has narrow, crooked, dirty streets, especially in the old Jews' quarter ; 

 the new town however forms a regular square with broad streets 

 crossing each other at right angles, and some canals, one of which, 

 called the Great Canal, presents a very animated appearance. There 

 are 31 squares, or market-places, of which the Theresienplatz and 

 Joseph's 1'hitz in the new town are tho handsomest. There are 9 

 church*!, among which are 1 Lutheran, 1 Calvinist, 1 Greek, 1 Oriental 



Greek, and 1 Servian ; besides other great public buildings, such as 

 St. Peter's church, the ancient cathedral, the synagogue, and the noble 

 exchange, the city contains many very large and handsome private 

 houses. In the year 1719 the emperor Charles VI. declared Trieste a 

 free port, which it still continues to be. At that time there were scarcely 

 8000 inhabitants. The privileges of the place were extended by the 

 empress Maria Theresa, so that all goods, with very few exceptions, 

 cau be imported duty free. The consequence has been that the 

 population has increased very rapidly, and the town, including its 

 immediate territory, has about 95,000 inhabitants. Trieste is now the 

 most important and wealthy commercial city aud the chief sea-port 

 in the Austrian dominions. Foreign consuls reside in it. The com- 

 merce of Trieste was much increased by the institution of the Austrian 

 Lloyd's, which is supported by the government, and has bove 30 

 steamers, which ply to all parts of the Adriatic, the Mediterranean, 

 and the Black Sea. Of large merchantmen there arrive at Trieste 

 about 1500 of all nations, and the number of arrivals of coasting 

 vessels is not less than 8000. Steamers ply between Trieste and Venice, 

 and others to Greece, Constantinople, Trebizond, and Egypt. The 

 harbour, which is small but secure, is defended by a strong battery on 

 the new mole ; it is bordered by a wide stone quay, close to which 

 vessels of 300 tons can ride at anchor. By the Maria Theresa Canal, 

 which partially intersects the city, vessels can load and unload at the 

 doors of the warehouses. There are two lazarettos near the harbour, 

 where ships from suspected places perform quarantine. Among the 

 manufactures are soap, leather, rosoglio, wax, liqueurs, wax-lights, 

 refined sugar, spirits, pottery, &c. 



Trieste is a sea-port for a very large tract of country, comprising 

 the Austrian territories from the Tyrol to Transylvania. Among the 

 exports are metals, linens, tobacco, woollens, printed calicoes, wax, 

 hemp, wool, skins, furs, timber, corn, rice, wine, oil, and shumae. The 

 imports are cotton, hides, raisins, silks, rice and oil, wheat from 

 Odessa, and all kinds of tropical and colonial produce from the West 

 Indies and Brazil Goods from the Black Sea coasts, from Turkey 

 and Egypt, are warehoused in Trieste. Ship-building is carried on to 

 a great extent, aud the ship-builders of Trieste are much esteemed for 

 their skill A railway to Vienna through Lay bach is all but completed. 



Trieste gives title to a Catholic bishop. It has an imperial academy, 

 a tcirutific and nautical school with 16 professors, a town library con- 

 taining 24,000 volumes, a gymnasium, many banking establishments, 

 and insurance offices. The hills surrounding the city are adorned with 

 beautiful country scats and garden*. These hills were formerly naked 

 and desolate, but in the latter half of the 18th century mould was 

 brought at a great expense by sea from latria, and this barren tract 

 was gradually transformed into a paradise. After the Treaty of Vienna 

 in 1809, Trieste with its territory was annexed by Napoleon I. to 

 illyria. In 1814 it returned to the dominion of Austria. 



TRIM, Ireland, the county town of Meuth, a market-town aud the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, is situated on the river Boyne, in 53 34' 

 N. lt, 6* 45' W. long., distant 11 miles S.W. from Navan, and 27 

 miles N.W. from Dublin by road. The population in 1851 was 1905, 

 besides 707 inmates of the workhouse, and 233 in the jail. Trim Poor- 

 Law Union comprises 20 electoral divisions, with an urea of 1111,519 

 acres, and a population in 1841 of 35,293 ; in 1851 of 29,tJ04. 



The town contains many well-built houses. The streets are paved. 

 The parish church, of which the ancient tower still stands, was rebuilt 

 ill 1802. There is a spacious and handsome Roman Catholic chapel. 

 There are a school of the Incorporated Society of Dublin, a National 

 school, and a Workhouse school In Trim are the county court-bouse, 

 the county jail, fever hospital, Uuion workhouse, an infantry and a 

 constabulary barracks. At the south-western extremity of tho town 

 is a handsome Corinthiau column, erected iu 1817, and surmounted 

 with a statue of the Duke of Wellington, who received part of his 

 education in the town. Near the jail are the remains of Trim Castle. 

 The Yellow Tower, a part of St. Mary's abbey, rebuilt by the De Lii-ya 

 in the 13th century, stands on the left bank of the river. Trim has 

 little trade. It has a tannery, brewery, and extensive flour-mills. 

 The county assizes and quarter and petty sessions are held iu the town. 

 Fairs are held five times a year. Saturday is the market-day. 



TRIXCOMALEE. [CEYLON.] 



TRINO, Hertfordshire, a market-town, in the parish of Tring, is 

 situated in 51 47' N. lat, 0" 41' W. long., distant 29 miles W. from 

 Hertford, 31 miles N.W. from London by road, and 31 j miles by the 

 London and North-\V'estern railway. The population of the town in 

 1S51 was 3218. The living is a perpetual curacy in the archdeaconry 

 of St. Albans and diocese of Rochester. The town U neat, and is 

 lighted with gas. The church is of perpendicular character, with a 

 massive tower, built about 1450. There arc chapels for five sections 

 of the Baptist denomination, National schools, aud a mechanics insti- 

 tute with a reading-room and library. A largo silk factory, several 

 canvass factories, aud strawplat and bonnet factories give employment 

 Friday is the market-day; fairs are held on Easter Monday aud 

 Michaelmas-day. 



TRINIDAD, ono of tho British West India islands, is situated on 

 the north-east coast of Colombia, from which it is separated by the 

 Gulf of Paria, and extends between 10 5' and 10 50' N. lat., 61" and 

 62 W. long. The Serpent's Mouth, a passage 7 miles wide, separates 

 it from the delta of the Orinoco ut the southern extremity of the 



