901 



TRONDHJEM. 



TROY 1:3. 



eos 



for it An immense quantity of salmon is annually taken in this 

 river, which are considered the finest in all Norway. 



Several large islands lie aloni; the coast of Finmarken, west of the 

 Porsanger-fiord. The largest of them, Seyland and Sorb'e, rise to a 

 great el -vatiou, and are inhabited by a few fishermen. On Qualoe is 

 a commercial place, Hammtrfest, which has about 500 inhabitants. 

 The harbour, being safe, h much visited by foreign vessels. Russian 

 vessels from Kola and other places come for fish, and bring hemp, 

 flax and tow, sailcloth, linen, tar, nails and ironmongery, and some- 

 times considerable quantites of corn. Steamers ply from Christiania 

 to Hammerfrst in summer. The most northern island is Mageroe, a 

 bare rock, which towards the north terminates in the North Cape, a 

 huge mass of rocks rising to 1500 feet above the sea. At the eastern 

 extremity of Finmarken is the small island of Wardbe. 



Particulars on the climate of Trondhjem are found in the article 

 NORWAY. 



TRONDHJEM, the capital of the province of Trondhjem in 

 Norway, is built on the southern shore of Trondhjem-fiord, at the 

 mouth of the Nid-elf, and has about 13,000 inhabitants. It has 

 regular and wide streets, with water-cisterns at their intersections. 

 The houses are generally of two stories, and built of wood, hardly 

 half a dozen of them being of brick. The cathedral is a gothic 

 building, a part of which was erected as far back aa 1033. In the 

 il'.r!. and at a distance of about a mile, is a small rocky island, 

 Munkholin, on which a fortress is built. The roadstead for -hipping 

 is exposed to a heavy swell from the north and north-west, and has a 

 loose ground in 20 fathoms. There are a society of arts, a grammar 

 school, an hospital, a workhouse, a public library, and a museum. 

 The commerce a considerable. The exports consist of fish, fiah-oil, 

 timber, tar, copper brought from Roraus, and millstones. The town 

 employs many vessels in the foreign and coasting trade and in the 

 fisheries. 



TKooN. [AYRSHIRE.] 



TKOl'KA. [CALABRIA.] 



THOPPAU. [MORAVIA.] 



TROWBRIDGE, Wilt-hire, a market-town, in the parish of Trow- 

 bridge, is chiefly situated on a rocky eminence ou the right bank of 

 the river Were, in 51 18' N. lat., 2" 11' W. long, distant 13 miles 

 W. by S. from Devizes, 99 miles W. by S. from London by road, and 

 105 mik-s by the Great Western railway. The population of the town 

 of Trowbridge in 1851 was 10,157. The living is a rectory in the 

 archdeaconry of Wilts and diooeee of Salisbury. 



Trowbridge had a fortress in the reign of Stephen. The castle 

 was in ruins in Leland's time ; t lie site is now covered with buildings. 

 The housts in the town are chiefly of itonc, and generally old and of 

 mean appearance. The parish church is a spacious edifice, with a 

 nave, chancul, two aiales with chapels attached, aud a large western 

 tower and spire. There are places of worship for Baptists, Wesleyan 

 Methodists, and Independents ; National schools ; au Infant school ; 

 and a savings bank. The principal branch of industry at Trowbridge 

 is the manufacture of kerseymere and broadcloth. Markets are held 

 ou Tuesday, Thursday, aud Saturday ; a fair is held ou August 5th. 

 Petty sessions are held monthly, aud there is a county court. 



Tin > Y, the name both of the country in which the city of Troy 

 wa* situated and of the city itself. The country of Troy, more com- 

 monly called Troas, formed the uorth-westcrn part of Mysia in Asia 

 Minor. It was bounded W. and N.W. by the .Kgeau Sea and the 

 Hellespont, the extent of its coast being from the promontory of 

 Lectuui on the south to the river Rhodius, which falls into the llcllu.i- 

 pont below Abydos on the north. Its eastern boundary was a ridge 

 of Mount Ida, extending from the source of the Rhodius to the sea- 

 coast near the promontory of Lectuui. 



The inhabitants of the Troad were most probably of Thraciaa 

 origin. At the time of the Trojan war they had reached a higher 

 state of prosperity aud civilisation than their opponents the Acluuaus. 

 There seems however to have been no considerable town in the district 

 except the capital, Ilium or Troy. The cities mentioned by llomer 

 would seem, from the ease with which they were taken, to have been 

 nothing more than villages. (' 11.,' ix. 328, &c.) 



.The whole of tha Troad is intersected by the branches of Mount 

 Ida. Two of iU summits, which bore special uamcs, were Cotylus 

 and Gargara. ( II.,' viii. 45, 4c.) 



The following were the principal places in the Troad at the tune of 

 Strabo : Near the promontory of Lectum were the villages of llama.- 

 xitui and Cki-yta. At the latter, which stood on the coast, was the 

 temple of Apollo Smintheua ('11.,' i. 37), which was still standing iu 

 the time of I'liny. Fkcjisii was so called from its having been first 

 built on the highest summit of Ida, whence, according to Strabo, it 

 was afterwards removed to a spot 60 stadia lower. Aristotle collected 

 a library at Skepsis, which was ultimately removed by Sulla to Athens. 

 Alexandria Troai was on the coast, a little to the north of Chrysa. 

 [AI.K.XAXDUEIA, Troai.] From Alexandria to the promontory fiycuin 

 (Yeniikciir) the coast was called Achaium. The promontory of Sigeurn 

 formed the southern side of the entrance to the Hellespont, and near 

 it was a town of the same name. Near Sigeum also was the AcliilUuM, 

 a mound of earth supposed to be the grave of Achilles. Not far to 

 the east of Sigeum was Khateum, and near it the .Eautium, or monu- 

 ment of the Telamonian Ajax. The coast between Sigeum and 



Rhcoteuni was, according to Strabo, the naval station of the Greeks 

 during the siege of Troy. Here is the mouth of the united rivers of 

 Simois and Scamander or Xanthus. The principal city iu Troas was 

 Troy, in ancient times more commonly called ilium, which exercised 

 a kind of sovereignty over the other towns of the country. Its site, 

 which has been the subject of so much discussion in modern times, is 

 placed by some upon the western branch of a range of hills extending 

 from the river Simois into the plain towards the river Scamander. 

 Its citadel lay ou the south-eastern side of the city. Others have 

 traced its site a little farther north in the modern Turkish village of 

 Bunar-Bashi. Others again have denied the existence of ancient Troy 

 altogether, or have declared it to be a useless task to investigate its 

 site, since it was totally destroyed by the Greeks, and abandoued by 

 its inhabitants. Homer however clearly suggests, that, after the 

 calamity that b.-fell Troy in the reign of Priam, it continued, at least 

 for some time, to be ruled over by the JEneadx, a branch of the 

 house of Priam. The city of Troy which Xerxes (Herod., vii. 42, &c.) 

 and afterwards Alexander the Great visited, may have been of later 

 origin, but it is nevertheless attested that it was built on the site of 

 the ancient Troy. This town appears to have gradually decayed after 

 the time of Alexander, and a new town of the same name was built 

 somewhat below the spot where the Simois is joined by the Scamander. 

 (Strab., xiii. p. 597.) In the times of the Romans this Troy was 

 regarded and treated as the genuine ancient Troy from which they 

 derived their descent 



The first king iu Troas is said to have been Teucer, whence the 

 Trojans are also called Teucrians. Dardauus, one of the neighbouring 

 chiefs, married a daughter of Teucer, by whom he had two sons, Ilus 

 and Erichthonius : the latter became the father of Tros, from whom 

 the names Troy and Troas are derived. He had three SODS, one of 

 whom, Ilus, founded the town of Ilium or Troy, which became the 

 capital of the country of Troas. In the reign of his successor, 

 Laomedon, the city was said to have been fortified with walls by the 

 assistance of Poseidon (Neptune) and Apollo. Soon after this Troy 

 was taken by Hercules, but was restored to Priam, son of Laomedon, 

 who reigned for a long time iu peace and prosperity, until his kingdom 

 was attacked by the united forces of the Greeks, iu consequence of 

 his son Paris having carried off Helen, the wife of Menelaus. After a 

 siege of nine years the Greeks took and destroyed the city of Troy. 

 This event is usually placed about the year B.C. 1184. 



The most important among the remaining towns of the Troad were 

 Dardnnus, Tbebe, and Thymbra. 



(Upon the topography of Troy and its neighbourhood, the reader 

 may consult the earlier works of Pococjte, Lo Chevalier, Choiseul 

 Qouffler, Spon, Wood, Wheeler, and others ; Leake, Travel* in Asia 

 Minor; Journal of the Geographical Society of London, voL xii. ; 

 Lord Carlisle, Tratelt in the Eatt.) 



TROY. [NEW YORK, State of.] 



TROYES, a city iu France, capital of the department of Aube, is 

 situated iu the middle of a vast and fertile 'plain ou the left bank of 

 the Seine, 112 miles by railway S.E. from Paris, in 48 18' N. lat, 4 5' 

 K long., at an elevation of 361 feet above the level of the English 

 Channel, and had a population of 25,656 in the commune at the census 

 of 1851. It occupies the site of the ancient Auyustobonu, or Auytuto- 

 tana, the chief town of the Tricassea, a Celtic nation, whose name it 

 afterwards took, and from this by corruption the modern name has 

 been derived. It was plundered by the Normans A.D. 839, and iu the 

 feudal period was the capital of the important county of Champagne. 

 Troyes was taken by the Duke of Bourgogne in 1415; and here, in 

 1420, the marriage of Henry V. of England with Catherine of France 

 was concluded, aud the treaty arranged by which Henry was appointed 

 to succeed Charles VI. on the throne. Troyes was retaken from tho 

 English by Charles VII. in 1429. 



The Seine flows on the northern and eastern sides of the town, 

 which is surrounded by walls, and entered by six gates. The ramparts 

 are planted with trees, aud there ore other trees at their foot, so that 

 the town is surrouuded by a double alley of trees : tho ditch also is 

 laid out as a garden. There are five faubourgs, or suburbs. The 

 streets are irregularly laid out, and are with some exceptions narrow 

 and crooked ; the houses, many of which are of wood, are generally 

 ill-built : the gables towards the streets are built of wood painted or 

 plastered, and are frequently adorned with carving, and have dark 

 penthouses, which overhang tho shops. These old structures however 

 are gradually giving way to modern and more solidly-constructed 

 buildings. The neighbourhood of the town is pleasant 



There are three parish churches, namely, the cathedral of St-Pierre, 

 St. -Jean, and La Sainte-Madelaine ; and five succursal churches, or 

 chape la of easa, namely, St.-Nicolas, St.-Pantal<5ou, St-Reini, St-Urbain, 

 aud St-Nizier. The cathedral of St-Pierre is a fine specimen of gothic 

 architecture : the height and width of the nave, the beautiful stained- 

 glass windows which adoni the aisles, three beautiful rose windows, 

 and tho handsome pavement of the choir, are among the features 

 which attract the greatest notice. The church has never been com- 

 pleted : there were to have been two western towers, but only one, 

 205 feet high, has been erected. The church of St.-Jean is remark- 

 able for the narrowness of the nave : it contains a fine tabernacle, 

 sculptured by Girardon ; and a fine painting of the baptism of Christ, 

 by Mignard. Tho church of St-Rerni contains a figure of Christ iu 



