TYRONK. 



TVKUS. 



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tiooa, probably Ucinlriuc, cooiiiting of bed! of white, brown, and 

 i.ilih H-- cUy, alternating with white- and gny-Mod. Irregular 

 Wla of lignite occur, and this mineral is dug by the inhabitant*, when 

 other Awl U oarot, for thrir domestic me. To the north-wett of the 

 tertiary bed*, the secondary formation!, chalk, greensand, and lias 

 crop out, bring covered in place* by inasees of tabular trap. These 

 are ooonded by the red-marl or new red-sandstone, which on the 

 outh-wett immediately succeeds the tertiary beds. Between Dun- 

 gannon and StewarUtown i* a coal-field which, though small, contains 

 more beds of workable coal than any other in Ireland, and affords 

 coal similar to that of Ayrshire. The formations of the limestone 

 group occupy nearly all the remainder of the plain, and extend south- 

 west ward to the neighbourhood of Clogher, where, contrary to its 

 general character in Ireland, it rises into tolerably lofty mountains. 

 The eastern and southern part of the plain of Omagh, and the exten- 

 sion toward! Lough Erne, ore occupied by the old red-sandstone, which 

 but* upon and in some places covers the granite, and protruded green- 

 atone, which form the mass of the mountains that separate the two 

 plains of Lough Neagh and of Omagh. The rest of the plain of 

 Omagh and the mountains which on other sides environ it consist of 

 mica-slate, covered in extensive tracts by the old red-sandstone, by the 

 different members of the carboniferous limestone series, or by the 

 millstone-grit. There are some quarries of inferior slate. Freestone 

 and limestone are quarried in various parts of the county ; the lime- 

 stone of Cookstown is remarkable for the number and variety of its 

 foaril remains. Traces of lead and iron ore also found. 



Climate, Soii, and Agriculture. The climate is healthy, though 

 moist, for much rain falls, and the lowlands are frequently flooded. 

 The soil in the hilly districts and on the mountain slopes is in general 

 sandy or gravelly ; in the south and east it is a light fertile loam, and 

 in the centre much of it is reclaimed moor or bog. Turf is the usual 

 fuel, and is abundant. Grain U grown in the more fertile parts, and 

 cattle are reared on the hills. The number of acres under crop in 

 1863 was 282,151, of which 4195 acres grew wheat; 150,077 acres 

 omU; 2668 acres barley, berc, rye, peas, and beans; 44,340 acres 

 potatoes; 16,859 acres turnips ; 3838 acres other green crops ; 24,131 

 acres flax ; and 34,643 acres were in meadow and clover. In 1841 the 

 plantations covered 14,652 acres, yielding oak, ash, elm, beech, fir, 

 mixed timber, and fruit. The holdings in 1852 were 29,150, the stock 

 on which was 22,378 horses, 1414 mules and asses, 148,745 head of 

 cattle, 30,676 sheep, 30,860 pigs, 6187 goats, and 431,794 head of 

 poultry. 



Diruiont and Tutotu. The county in in the dioceses of Armagh and 

 Deny, with a small part in that of Clogher, and contains 46 parishes. 

 It is divided into four barouics : Clogher ; Dungannon, Upper, Lower, 

 and Middle ; Omagh, East and West ; and Strabane, Upper and Lower. 

 The principal towns are STHAIIANE, DUNGANNON, COOKSTOWN, and 

 OMAGH, which, with CASTLEDERO, CLOOUIK, and GORTIN, are noticed 

 under their separate names. The following are some of the smaller 

 towns and more important villages, with the population of each iu 

 1851 : 



Arboe, a village about 6 miles N.E.from Stewartstown, has a church, 

 a Presbyterian meeting-house, and a lioman Catholic chapel, which 

 has two altars in the open air. Here ore the remains of a monastery, 

 laid to have been founded by St. Columb, and to have received his 

 body : the walls of the church and a cross are yet standing. Auyher, 

 a small market- and post-town, population 614, stands on the Black- 

 water, near its head, 2 miles N.E. from Clogher, aud, prior to the 

 Union, was a parliamentary and municipal borough. Four fairs are 

 held here in the course of the year. In the neighbourhood are, 

 Augher Castle, built in 1613, now converted into a mansion ; the hill 

 of Knockmanly; and Lumford Glen, a most picturesque spot Augk- 

 Hocloy, a market- and post-town, on the left bank of the Blackwater, 

 80 miles S.E. from Omagh : population, 1704. It contains some good 

 house*, the pariah church of Carrenteel, a Roman Catholic chapel, a 

 Presbyterian meeting-house, two Wesleynn chapels, several schools, a 

 dfapensary, a loan-fund office, and a convenient market-house. Besides 

 the weekly market there is a monthly fair for live stock. Bally- 

 ynrley, a small market- and post-town, about 4 miles N.W. from Augh- 

 nacloy : population, 768. It has some well-built houses, a neat parish 

 church, a Presbyterian meeting-house, a dispensary, aud some schools. 

 The manufacture of gloves is carried on. There is a considerable 

 ale of linen. CaUilon. a market- and post-town, between Armagh 

 and Aughnacloy, on tho left bank of the Blackwater : population, 

 W. The town is extremely neat and well built There are a hand- 

 i church, a Roman Catholic chapel, a Methodist meeting-house, a 

 7, and several achools. Near the town is Caledou House and 

 . the residence of the Earl of Caledon. There is a large 

 floor-mill, and round the town are a number of limestone quarries. 

 Coal liland, a mining village and post-town, 2 miles S. from StewarU- 

 town : population, 627. At this village, and the neighbouring one 

 of ffnmylait, are the two principal collieries of Tyrone ; a canal, 4 

 mile* in length, was cut to the Blackwater to afford facilities for the 

 transport of the coal There is an iron work in the village. Dromore, 

 a village and posttown, about 9 miles 8.W. from Omsgh : population, 

 681. It has an old church, a Presbyterian meeting-house, a Method- 

 l meeting-houe, a Roman Catholic chapel, several schools, and a 

 dispensary. Five fain are held in the course of the year. Fintona, a 



market- aud post-town, on a feeder of tho Drumragh, miles S. by W. 

 from Omagh : population, 1504. Unbleached linens are woven and 

 sold in considerable quantity in the market, and at the monthly fairs. 

 There are a parish church, a Presbyterian meeting-house, a Methodist 

 meeting-house, a Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and a lonn- 

 fund office. Firc-Mile-Town, a small market- and post-town, about 6 

 miles S.W. from Clogher : population 703. It has a chapel of ease. 

 A considerable number of the inhabitants are employed in the h'ueu 

 trade. It has eight fairs yearly. May, a market- and post-town, is 

 on tho banks of the Blackwater, over which is a bridge communicating 

 with the town of Charlemout, in Armagh : population, 833. It con- 

 tains the parish church, a Roman Catholic chapel, several Dissenting 

 meeting-houses, aud a commodious market-house. Considerable trade 

 is carried on iu cool, corn, timber, salt iron, and slate ; the market is 

 well supplied, and there is a monthly fair for live stock, especially for 

 horses. Netctomteicart, a market- and post-town, is on the bank of 

 the Strule, over which there is a bridge, 1 miles from Omagh, on tho 

 mail-road to Londonderry: population, 1402. The bouses are neat 

 and well built ; aud the town contains the parish church of Ardstraw, 

 a Roman Catholic chapel, two Presbyterian and two Methodist meet- 

 ing-houses, a dispensary, and the ruins of an ancient castle. Pomeroy, 

 a village and post-town, on the road from Dungannon to Newtou- 

 stewart, about 8 miles from the former town : population, 505. There 

 are a church, a Presbyterian meeting-house, a Roman Catholic chapel, 

 a school, and a dispensary. Petty sessions are held monthly, and 

 there is a monthly fair. Stcwartstown, a market- and post-town, about 

 5 miles S.E. from Cookstown : population, 1022. Some linens aud 

 mixed fabrics of linen and cotton (called unions) were formerly made, 

 but the manufacture has declined. In the neighbourhood are several 

 limestone quarries. Stewartstown contains a number of well-built 

 houses of stone, slated ; the parish church of Donaghenry, a Roman. 

 Catholic chape), two Presbyterian meeting-houses, a school-house, a 

 dispensary, a loan-fund office, and a market-house. Fairs are held 

 monthly, and petty sessions every fortnight The ruins of an old 

 monastery and of Mountjoy Castle are near the town. TrMick, a 

 small post-town, between Omagh and Enniskillen, about 8 miles S. \V. 

 from Fintona: population 449. The parish church is about a mile 

 from the town, but there are two meeting-houses, a Roman Catholic 

 chapel, schools, and a dispensary. Fairs are held monthly, and petty 

 sessious every fortnight Near it are the ruins of Trillick Castle. 



Divisions for Ecclesiastical and Legal Purpoeet. Tyrone returns to 

 the Imperial Parliament two members for the county at large, and 

 one for the borough of Dungannon. It is in the north-western circuit 

 The assizes are held at Omagh, where the county jail is. Quarter 

 sessions are held there, and at Clogher, Dimgaimon, and Strabane, 

 which three towns have bridewells. Petty sessions are held in nineteen 

 places. There is a resident magistrate at Omagh. The Lunatic Asy- 

 lum and a fever hospital are at Omagh ; fever hospitals are at Augh- 

 nacloy and Strabane, and dispensaries at twenty-two places. There 

 are savings banks at Clogher, Cookstown, Dungauuou, and Strabaue. 

 The Union workhouses are at Castlederg, Clogher, Cookstowu, Duu- 

 ganuon, Gortin, Omagh, and Strabane. The county is iu the military 

 district of Belfast, and there is a barrack station at Oinagh. The staff 

 of the county militia is stationed at Caledon. In September, 1852, 

 there were 270 National schools in the couuty, attended by 10,731 

 male and 8,493 female children. 



History and Antiquities. This county seems to have been included 

 in the territory of the Darnii, a nation mentioned by Ptolemaous. At 

 a subsequent period, parts of it were known by the names of Hy-Briuu 

 and Hy-Fiachria (the latter being the country about the river Derg) ; 

 and the whole appears to have been called Kiuel Eoguiu, or Tir-oen, 

 modernised Tyrone. About 1177 the county was invaded by John do 

 Courcy, one of the Anglo-Norman invaders ; but appears to have 

 remained in the bands of the O'Neills of Tir-oen, who were among tho 

 most powerful of the native chieftains, until 1601, when the Lord- 

 Deputy Mountjoy compelled him to submit Tyrone was compre- 

 hended in the great settlement made in Ulster, after the accession of 

 James I. [ULSTER], and was in great part parcelled out among ' under- 

 takers' (that is, persons who undertook to form settlements or colonies), 

 partly Scotch and partly English. 



In the great rebellion of 1641 Dungannou Fort was seized by Sir 

 Phelim O'Neill. In 1646 the Scots and English were defeated by the 

 Irish insurgents at Beuburb, with the loss of above 3,000 men. This 

 victory restored to the insurgents a predominance in Ulster, which 

 however they finally lost on the arrival ond success of Cromwell in 

 1649. In the revolutionary war the army of James, after raising the 

 siege of Londonderry, retired to Strabaue, iu this county. 



TYRUS, TSUR, TYKE, a city on tho coast of Phoenicia, 24 

 Roman miles S. from Sidon. The most ancient name of the city 

 seems to be Sw, which is supposed to be the root of Syria. Tyre is 

 called in the Old Testament the ' daughter of Sidon ; ' and Justin 

 states that it was a colony of Sidon. la process of time however 

 Tyre exceeded the mother city in importance, and came to be the 

 chief city of Phoenicia. In the time of David and Solomon it was a 

 very great commercial emporium, and was governed by a king 

 (Hiram), who maintained friendly relations with those princes, and 

 assisted Solomon iu building tho temple and his palaces, and in his 

 naval expeditions. About half a century later Ahab married Jezebel, 



