UBEDA. 



ULM. 



916 



the daughter of the king of Tyre and Sidon. There seerus to have 

 been a constant commercial intercourse between the Tyrians and the 

 Israelites. Tyre is repeatedly mentioned by the Hebrew prophets, 

 who speak of its strength, wealth, beauty, and its flourishing com- 

 merce, and threaten it with destruction for its pride. 



The original site of Tyre was on the mainland, but at some unknown 

 period (probably before the time of Solomon) another city of the same 

 name was built on a narrow island, about a mile in length, parallel to 

 the shore, and nearly half a mile distant from it, and not quite four 

 miles from the ancient city. The latter was distinguished by the 

 name of Old Tyre, which it already bore in the time of Shalmancser, 

 the Assyrian conqueror, who took it He also blockaded the insular 

 city for five years, but was at last compelled to raise the siege (about 

 B.C. 720-715). The insular city, which from its position soon eclipsed 

 Old Tyre, was again besieged by Nebuchadnezzar for thirteen years. 

 It was taken, after a siege of seven months, by Alexander the Oreat 

 (B.C. 832). who, in order to attack the city by land as well as by sea, 

 connected the island with the mainland by a mole, formed chiefly 

 out of the material* of. Old Tyre, which was razed to the ground 

 for the purpose. This mole was consolidated in the course of time 



into the isthmus which still connects the former island to the main- 

 land. After the death of Alexander, Tyre came under the power of 

 the Seleucidse, and subsequently under that of the Romans. It was 

 still a strong fortress, and (in the time of Strabo) a flourishing port. 

 Septimus Severus sent thither a Roman colony, as his medals show. 

 It afterwards became the seat of a Christian bishop, and was, in the 

 time of St. Jerome, the most beautiful city of Phoenicia. During the 

 Crusades it suffered several sieges, and remained in the hands of tho 

 Christians much longer than any other city of Phoenicia. Its fortifi- 

 cations were almost entirely destroyed by tho Mamelukes about tho 

 end of the 13th century. It is now a small insignificant place; but 

 several new stone houses have been recently erected on the north side 

 of the peninsula. 



The Tyrians, in ante-historic times, colonised the coasts of Spain, 

 Italy, and Africa. Their commerce reached to Britain and India. 

 Their most famous colony was CARTHAGE. 



TYTHERLEV. [HAMPSHIRE.] 



TYWARDREATH. [CORNWALL.] 



T/A.XA, LAKE. [AHTSSIXIA; NILK.] 



TZARSKOSELO. [PETERSBURG, Province of.] 



u 



1TBEDA. [JAM.] 



T, or SKTI'BAL. [EsrmuuDiriu, Portuguese.] 



re AVAI.r. 1UVER. [AMAZOXAS; PKRU.] 



(TCKFIELD, Sussex, a village and the Mat of a Poor-Law Union, 

 in the parish of Uckfield, is situated on the left bank of the river i 

 Ouse, in 50' 58' X. lat., 6' E. long., 9 miles N. by E. from Lewes, 

 and II mile* S. by E. from London by road. The population of the 

 parUh in 1851 wa* 1590. The living is a perpetual curacy in the 

 archdeaconry of Lew and diooese of Chicbeiter. Uckfield Poor- 

 Law I'nion contain < 1 1 parishes and townships, with an area of 74,230 

 acres, and a population in 1*51 of 17,631. The church, a plain stone 

 building, was enlarged in 1840. The Wesleyan Methodist* and 

 Baptists have places of worship ; and there are National and Infant 

 schools, a Grammar school, and a savings bank. 



riJDEWALLA. [8WCDBV.1 



U'DIXE, or KIMULI, a province of Austrian Italy, formerly included 

 In the Venetian territories, u divided into 21 district*, ha* an are* of 

 ure mile*, and a population of 429,844. 



capital, situated in an elevated plain near the foot of the 

 Carnic Alp*, and about 20 mile* from the lea-coast of the Adriatic, on 

 the high road from Venice to Vienna, i* a walled town, between four 

 and five mile* in circumference, and ha* a population of about 25,000. 

 Upon an eminence in the middle of the town i* the old cattle, once 

 the residence of the patriarch* of Aqnileia, who were for several 

 centuries lord* of Friuli. Udine U a bishop's nee : it has some fine 

 churches, among other* the cathedral and the church of San Pietn 

 Mnrtire ; several palace* of the nobility ; a hainlnome square lined 

 with arcade* and adorned with a fountain ; wveral good itreeU ; a 

 communal gymnasium, a royal lyceum, * clerical nummary, three col- 

 lege* for the education of females, several public libraries, a museum, 

 a philharmonic institute, a inonte-di-pieta, and a theatre. A consider- 

 able trade in silk, the produce of the country, U carried on at Udine. 

 There are (ilk and leather manufactories, and a sugar-refinery. About 

 two mile* from Udine i* the village of Campoformio, memorable for 

 the treaty of peace of 1797 between General Bonaparte and the 

 Austrian plenipotentiaries. C'irulaU U noticed under PRIDLI. for- 

 dno*t, near the borders of the province of Treviso, i* a thriving town 

 of 5000 inhabitant*, with manufactories of linen and paper. Spilim- 

 tayo, on the bank* of the Tagliamento, i* a town of considerable 

 trade : population, 4000. Palma Nitova, a fortified town, important 

 for it* situation on the eastern frontier of Italy, ha* a population 

 of 3000. 



The province of I'dine is covered in tho north-east by the Carnic 

 Alp* and their ramification*. In the south are several plain* which 

 become marshy along the shore of the Adriatic. The principal river 

 Is th Tagfiamcnto, but all the stream* of the country are little more 

 than torrents. It* forest*, pasture*, cattle, full, game, and corn are 

 the chief sources of wealth in the province. Wheat, rye, maize, oats, 

 .ickwheat, hemp, flax, chestnut*, pnle of all kinds, silk and 

 honey, are produced ; and some good wine is made. The minerals are 

 iron, copper, marble, limestone, and siliceous earth used by potters. 

 The inhabitant* of the mountain district* manufacture linen and all 

 kinds of woodwork, and common pottery. The country is further 

 I unrler Fwuu. The projected railway from Trieste to Venice 

 will nec*sarily cross the south \ art of the province of Udine. 



fKI.X.KN. [LI -.F.'M-iwj.] 



UFA. [ORf.sr ; : 



UKFCULM. [Dr.voHHtE.] 



< [BMUIIIRR.] 

 IDEM TO, TIKKA m. ] 



UIST, the name of two of the larger HEBRIDES, belonging to 

 oioo. DIV. VOL. iv. 



Inverness-shire, and distinguished aa North Uist and South Uist. 

 North Uist is separated from Long Island by the Sound of Harris, 

 and from Benbecula by a narrow strait which is dry at low writer. 

 South Uist lies south of Benbecula, from which it in separated by a 

 narrow strait, and at its southern extremity it is separated by a strait 

 from the little inland of Barra. These islands ore separated ou 

 the east from the Isle of Skye by the Little Minch, hero about 15 

 miles broad; on the west they are washed by the expanse of the 

 Atlantic. They lie between 57* "' and 57 48' N. lat, r and 7 82' 

 W. long. 



Nortk ('lit is 16 miles long from east to west, and 13 mile* wide 

 from north to south in direct lines : the population in 1851 was 3302 ; 

 the entire parish, which include* eight other islands, had a population 

 of 3918. It is much intersected by inlet* of the sea, several of which 

 form commodious harbours. The hills on tho east siile of the island 

 are from 300 to 700 feet high ; Mount Eval, in the south-east, is above 

 2000 feet. On the west aide of the island lie the pasture and cul- 

 tivated lands, with a shore generally low, but having a few bold rocky 

 headland*. The iiland i* chiefly formed of gneiss : but at the entrance 

 of Loch Maddy are two basaltic rocks rising out of the sea. In tho 

 interior are numerous fresh-water lake*, in some of which aro island* 

 containing red-deer. There are a parish and also a government church, 

 parochial and several other school*, some of which possess libraries. 

 There are several antiquities, as upright stones, rude crosses, and 

 cairn* ; ' duns,' and ' Uaighs,' or PictV house*. 



.SouM Uitl, population of the island 400>i in H."l, U about 22 mil i 

 long from north to south, and about 8 miles broa 1 from east to west. 

 The eastern side i* rugged and mountainous: Hecla, the highest 

 mountain in the Uland, is 2500 feet high ; other mountains are from 

 1200 to 1300 feet high. Tho eastern coast is bold and irregular ; iU 

 three principal inlets, lochs Skipport, Eynort, and Boi.idale, are good 

 harbours: the western coast has a more regular outline, and has, 

 except about some rocky headlands, a low sandy shore. The island 

 contains numerous lakes. The island is formed of gneiss, course 

 granite, and hornblende ; mica-slate occurs. The chief articles pro- 

 duced are potatoes, here, and oat*. Tho population of the entire 

 pariah, which includes the islands of Benbecula, Eriskay, and F1<M >, 

 was 6173 in 1851. There are two churches attached to missionary 

 districts, and three chapels for Roman Catholics, who form two-thirds 

 of the population. The population of North and South Uist has been 

 considerably reduced of late years by emigration. 



UITENIIAGE. [CAPS OF GOOD HOPE.] 



UJIJAK. [(JRAKADA.1 



UJITZA. [SEBVIA.] 



UKRAINE, a namo probably derived from tho Polish (iu which it 

 signifies boundary) is a term which has been in general use since the 

 conquest of Kiew by tho Lithuanians, and at that time designated tin; 

 frontier towards the Tartars and other nomad tribes. Subsequently 

 the name Ukraine was applied to the extensive and fertile tract of 

 land on the bank* of the Dnieper, together with the territory of tho 

 Cossaks, with rather indefinite boundaries. These countries, which 

 till the time of Peter the Great were a constant source of quarrel* 

 between Russia and Poland, constitute the greater part of Littlo 

 Russia, that is, the four government* of Kiew, Podolia, 1'ultawa, and 

 Charkow. This tract is remarkable for its rich pastures, and a fine 

 lireeil of horses and horned cattle. The country i.i described in tho 

 articles KIEW: PoDOLtAj POLTAWA; CHARKOW. 



TI.KABORO. [FI.NI.AND.] 



ULEY. [QLOUCEBTIHSHIM.] 



ULl.ESWATEK. [\\ -,!).] 



t'LM, a city in the kingdom of VVurtemberg, situated In 48* 5U' 



3p 



