949 



UNITED STATES. 



UNITED STATES. 



960 



AREA AND POPULATION OF TUB UNITED STATES AND TEUBITOBIES. 



square miles, of which 514,416 square mile* belong to the Atlantic ' 

 (lope proper, 112,649 square mile* to the Northern Lake region, and 

 325,537 square miles to the region whoee waters fall into the Qulf of 

 Mexico, east and we*t of the MistiwippL The main shore line of the i 

 United State* on the Atlantic coast amounts to 6861 statute miles, on 

 the Pacific to 2281 miles, on the Qulf of Mexico to 3467 miles ; the 

 ialand shore on the 'Atlantic to 6323 miles, on the Pacific to 702 

 miles, and on the Qulf of Mexico to 2217 miles, giving a main shore 

 line of 12,609 miles, and an island shore-line of 9247 miles. 



Agriculture, Manufacture*, and Commerce. The raw products of the 

 iudu.itry of the United States may be classed under the heads Mine* 

 and quarries ; agriculture and horticulture ; fisheries ; the forest. The 

 product* of the mine* consist of gold, iron, lead, and other metals ; 

 coal, kitchen salt, and stone for building. In 1850 the number of 

 miners was 77,410, of whom 14,437 were coal-miners (11,753 belonging 

 to Pennsylvania) : the iron- and lead-miner* are not distinguished in 

 the Census Hi port. Since tlie discovery of gold in California, that 

 metal ha* added very largely to the wealth of the Union. Qolil i* 

 also found in small quantities in Virginia, North and South Carolina, 

 Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, and Illinois. There are rich quicksilver- 

 mines in California. The most productive iron-mines are in Massa- 

 chuaetU, Vermont, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee and Ohio. 

 Lead is most abundant in Illinois, Missouri, and Iowa. Pennsylvania, 

 Ohio, and Virginia, are the great coal states, but it occurs in several 

 other*. Salt and stones are more equably diffused through the settled 

 part* of the Union. 



Agriculture employed of tho free male population over 15 yean of 

 age 2,400,583 persons in 1850. In no census have the occupations of 

 slave* been returned ; but Mr. De Bow, the Superintendent of the 

 Census of 1850, is of opinion, as the result of a well-considered exa- 

 mination, that " about 2,500,000 slave* are directly employed in agri- 

 culture, including male* and females and persons of all age*. Slaves 

 under 10 and over 60 are seldom employed industrially." Of the 

 above about 1,815,000 slaves are employed in tho cultivation of cotton, 

 350,000 in that of tobacco, 150,000 of sugar, 125,000 of rice, and 60,000 

 f Ivrup*. The number of acres of improved land in farms was 

 J.C14; of unimproved, 180,528,000 acres; the average number 

 of acre* to each farm being 213. Only about one-thirteenth of the 

 whole area of the orgnnised states is improved, and about one-eighth 

 more in occupR-il and not improved. The principal grain cr<>|> H 

 mauu (Indian com), about 31,000,000 acres of laud being in 1850 i 



employed in its growth, and the crop raised amounting to 592,071,104 

 bushels; of wheat about 11,000,000 acres were cultivated, and tho 

 total crop raised was 100,485,944 bushels : of rye 14,188,813 bushels 

 were raised; oats, 146,584,179 bushels; barley, 5,167,015 bushels; 

 buckwheat, 8,596,012 bushels. The cultivation of rice is confined to 

 the slave state*. The total quantity of rice raised in 1850 was 

 215,313,497 Ibs.; of which 159,930,613 Ib*. were raised in South 

 Carolina. Of potatoes 65,797,896 bushels, and of sweet potatoes 

 38,268,148 bushels, were grown. Of peas and beans, 9,219,901 bushels. 

 Tobacco was cultivated on 400,000 acres; the total crop was 

 199,752,655 Ib?. Cotton was cultivated over 5,000,000 acres. Of 

 ginned-cottou the quantity packed was 2,469,093 bales of 400 Ibs. 

 each. Of cane-sugnr 247,577,000 Ibs. were produced, of which Louisiana 

 alone produced 226,001,000 Ibs. ; of maple-sugar, 34,253,430 Ibs.; and 

 of molasses 12,700,896 gallons were made, 10,931,177 gallons being 

 made in Louisiana. Of wine 221,249 gallons were made. Of hops 

 3,497,029 Ibs. were grown. Of hay 13,838,642 tons were made. Of 

 flax seed 7,709,676 Ibs. were gathered. The value of the three staple 

 products of the Union in 1850 was respectively about tuaize, 

 296,000,000 dollars; wheat, 100,000,000 dollars; and cotton, 98,000,000 

 dollars. The value of orchard-product* was 7,728,186 dollars; of 

 market-garden produce, 5,280,030 dollars. 



The live stock consisted of 4,336,719 horses; 559,331 asses and 

 mules; 6,385,094 milch cows; 1,700,744 working oxen; and 10,293,(l(jy 

 other cattle ; 21,723,220 sheep; and 30,354,213 swine. The products 

 of animals were returned as Butter, 313,345,306 Ibs.: cheese 

 105,535,893 Ibs.; wool, 52,516,959 Ibs.; bees'-wax and honey' 

 14,853,790 Ibs. ; silk-cocoons, 10,843 Ibs. 



Manufactures, mining, and the mechanic arts, employed of the free 

 population, over 15 years of age, 719,479 males, and 225,512 females 

 in 1850. The entire capital invested in manufactures was returned 

 at 527,209,193 dollars. The number of establishments of every 

 description producing any kind of manufactured article to the amount 

 annually of 500 dollars, wa* 121,855. The cotton manufacture) 

 employed 33,150 male* and 59,136 female*, the states chiefly engaged 

 in the manufacture being Massachusetts, New Hampshire, KUode 

 Island, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and New York, their respective 

 rank being in the order given. The woollen manufacture > nip] A-> i 

 22,678 males and 16,574 females, the leading states engaged in thu 

 manufacture being Massachusetts, New York, Connecticut, and IVnu- 

 sylvania. The iron manufacture employed a lurge number of hnudn, 



