Kll 



VICT01UA. 



VIENNA. 



loie 



Iky. It is famed for iU batter and cheee, and lift amid tome of the 

 bt tillier-Und in the weetern diruion of the provinc,-. Wamamboot, 

 jww IV-lfxt, U a small import, having frequent intercourse by trading 

 mails with Melbourne and Portland. It is tba port of a considerable 

 agricultural district A Presbyterian church, built of stone, replacing 

 a wooden structure, was opened here in the early part of 1855. Bat- 

 Ural, the teat of the gold-diggings of that name, is described by 

 Mr. William Howitt, who visited the place, on containing a large popu- 

 lation, who are settling down into regular habits, and are constructing 

 neat, well-laid out, and commodious town. 



The principal towns iu Victoria colony, in addition to those already 

 mentioned, are : Alberton, Avoca, Ballan, Beechworth, Bf nalla, 

 Brndigo, Brunswick. Buninyoug, Castlemaine, Chepstow, Colnc, Klem- 

 ington, Kilmore, Kyneton," Mount Alexander, Port Fairy, Prahran, 

 Kichmond, Sandhurst, and Wang iratta. 



.:i net "f the Lrgi-lativc Council of Victoria, ratified by the 

 act of the Imperial legislature, IS and 19 Viet., cap. 55, it is pro- 

 that there shall be a L-gislative Council of 30 members, and a 

 stive Assembly of 60 members, for the colony. Members of 

 1 must be 30 years of age, natural born subjects of the Queen, 

 and poMossor* for at least one year previous to election of lumls 

 and tenements In the colony of the value of 5000/., or of the annual 

 value of 500/. No judge, minister, traitor, or convicted felon, can be 

 a member. Electors must be 21 years of age, natural born subjects, 

 or naturalised for at least three years, and possessed of freehold pro- 

 perty of the clesr value of 1000J., or clear annual value of lOOt, or 

 leasehold property of 100/. yearly. Members of Assembly must be 21 

 years of aue, possessing freehold property to the amount of 20002., or 

 200t yearly value. Judges, ministers of religion, and persons who 

 have been attainted for treason, or convicted of felony, are excluded. 

 Electors must be 21 years of age, possessed of freehold property of 501. 

 value, or 51. yearly value, or leasehold property of the clear annual 

 value of 10/., or occupy premises of 101. yearly rent, or have a yearly 

 salary of 100/. After the expiration of two years from the passing of 

 the act no person is to be registered as an elector who cannot read 

 and write. The leading feature of the new charters for Victoria and 

 the other Australian colonies is that, with the exception of a few 

 reserved points in reference to imperial rights, the business of each 

 colony will be managed by ita own legislature. In particular the manage- 

 ment of the waste lau<ls is committed to the colonial legislatures. 



The imperial authority is represented by a lieutenant-governor, 

 whose salary is 10,0001. per annum, with an allowance of 5000L per 

 annum for salaries of staff, repairs to government house, travelling, and 

 other expenses. The laws are administered by a chief justice and 

 three puisne judges, who have criminal jurisdiction and exercise the 

 powers of the Queen's Bench, Common Pleas, and Exchequer courts. 

 There is also a master in equity. Under the new act, 50,0001. a year 

 is to be reserved for the purposes of religious worship, to bo distri- 

 buted in proportion to the respective numbers of the several religious 

 denominations. This sum is to be laid out in assisting to erect places 

 of worship and in payments to ministers. The sum given in aid 

 of ministers' stipends is not to exceed 25,0001. in any one year. 

 The religions bodies iu the colony are the churches of England 

 and Scotland, the Free Church of Scotland, United Presbyterians, 

 Independent*, Baptists, Methodists, and Roman Catholics. At the 

 head of the Church of England in the province is the Bishop of 

 Melbourne. At the close of 1852 there were 7841 scholars attend- 

 ing schools in the colony. The colonial revenue in 1351 was 

 379.S24/. 12. 4d. ; in 1852 it was 1,577,181*. 8. Id. : the expenditure 

 in 1851 was 409.884/. U Sd. ; in 1852 it was 734.961/. 18i. 2rf. The 

 estimated income for 1855 is 3,015,6S3/., and the estimated expendi- 

 ture is 4,801,292/., showing a deficit of 1,785,60s/., to provide for 

 which a considerable amount of difficulty has been experienced by 

 th government 



The number of ships entered at the ports of the colony in 1851 was 

 712, of 129,426 tons; the number in 1852 was 1657, of 408,216 tons. 

 The number of ships registered as belonging to the colony on 

 December Slit 1854 was 272 of 31,985 tons, and 12 steam-vessels of 

 211,31)5 tons. The value of the goods imported into the colony in 

 1851 amounted to 1.422,9092.; in 1852 the amount was 7,451, 549/. 

 From Great Britain alone there was sent to the colony in 1853 goods 

 to the (declared) value of 7,062,387/. of British produce and manu- 

 factures, besides upwards of 2,200,000/. worth of foreign and colonial 

 produce and manufacture!. About 21.000, 000 Ibs. of wool was im- 

 ported into Great Britain from Victoria colony in 1853. The emi- 

 gration to the colony from Great Britain during 1854 included 35,384 

 persons, the whole of Die other Australian colonies having only 6788 

 emigrant* from Great Britain in the ame period. 



I'nit Phillip was discovered and entered by Lieutenant John Murray 

 In January 1&02, and was oon after visited by Captain Flinders, who 

 Port Phillip, m honour of the 6rst governor of New South 

 Wale*. Although occasionally vUitod in succeeding years, it remained 

 without any settlement till 1835, when the first sales of land took 

 place in the Australian colonies. A settler from Van Diemen's Land 

 having purchased an extensive tract? of country from the natives, the 

 government refused to recognise the validity of the purchase, and the 

 entire district adjoining Port Phillip was taken possession of on behalf 

 of the crown. Colonists from Van Diemen's Land, bringing their 



flocks with them, arrived in great numbers. The New South Wales 

 squatters, with their (locks and herds, came from the north. The 

 district rapidly advanced iu population and wealth, and was placed 

 under the control of a superintendent appointed by the governor of 

 New South Wales, till, after repeated representations on the subject, 

 it was, in 1850, separated from that colony, and constituted a distinct 

 province. The bishopric of Melbourne was founded in 1847 ; thediocese 

 comprises the colony of Victoria, There is one archdeacon, of Geelong. 



VICTORIA. [HoNO-KoNQ ; MEXICO; VKNBZUKLA.] 



VICTRI. [BASILIC ATA.] 



VIENNA ( Wien), the capital of the Austrian empire, of the Arch- 

 duchy of Austria, and of the Crownland of Lower Austria, is situated 

 in 48 12' 35' N. lat., 16 22' 58" E. long., at an elevation of between 

 500 and 600 feet above the sea, on the right bank of the Danube, at 

 its confluence with the little river Wien, which flows through the city. 

 Vienna is full two miles from the main stream of the river, which 

 divides above the city into several branches, forming many islands, BO 

 that only a small branch, which serves as a canal, and is generally 

 called the Danube Canal, passes under the walla. The population 

 exclusive of the military, numbers above 410,000. 



Vienna consists of the interior or old city and the suburbs. The 

 old city U nearly circular, and not above three miles round. It is 

 surrounded with a broad fosse, and a wall from 40 to 50 feet high, 

 which has ten regular bastions and forms one of the most favourite 

 promenades of Vienna, commanding a very fine view. Beyond the 

 fosse is the glacis, which varies in breadth from 960 to 15(1 " 

 formerly reserved as a clear space without the walls, but is nw laid 

 out iu public walks, and extends all round the city, except towards 

 the north-north-east, in which direction the fortifications flank the 

 right bank of the Danube Canal, between tho Chain Bridge and the 

 mouth of the Wien. The Wien, after reaching the glacis ou the south 

 side of the city, between the Kiiruthner Gate and the Polytechnic 

 school, makes a bend eastward, and runs north by east between 

 the city and its eastern suburbs : between the Stuben Gate and the 

 Invalides Hospital it communicates with the Vienna-Neustadt Canal. 

 The western suburbs are traversed by a small stream called the Alster. 



The city is surrounded by 34 suburbs, two of which are to the 

 north-east, on the island of Leopoldstadt in the Danube, and tha 

 32 others beyond the glacis. These 32 suburbs are surrounded by 

 the Lines, that is, a fusse with a wall 12 feet high. From the old 

 city twelve gates lead to the suburbs, the principal of which is the 

 Burg-Thor, or palace gate, which was completed iu 1324, and is a 

 splendid piece of architecture, with five equal archways. From these 

 gates there are paved streets and avenues to tho principal streets in 

 the suburbs, and these are connected by twelve other gates in the 

 Lines, or outer fociificatious, with the adjacent country. The extent 

 of the Lines is 12 miles, and the circumference of the two suburbs 

 situated on the island is above 6 miles. The old city occupies about 

 a tenth part of the whole space. 



The inner or old city is very irregularly built ; most of the streets 

 are crooked and narrow. Tho places, or squares, are 20 in number, 

 most of them small and irregular ; among the best are the New 

 Parade, before the imperial palace, the largest square in Vienna, nearly 

 1000 feet in length and 650 feet in breadth, perfectly regular, sur- 

 rounded with avenues of trees, and adorned with grass-plots and 

 flower-beds; the Hof, 450 feet long and 300 feet broad; the Holm 

 Markt, with a beautiful marble temple ; the Josephsplatz, in which 

 there is a colossal equestrian bronze statue of Joseph IL ; and the 

 Graben, which is rather a street than a square, 540 feet long and 100 

 feet broad : it is nearly in tho centre of the city, and is a place of 

 fashionable resort, especially for strangers. The streets are well 

 paved, well lighted at night, and cleansed and well drained by capa- 

 cious sewers. Differing in this respect from most other European 

 capitals, the old city is the most fashionable ; it contains the palaces 

 of the emperor, of many of the principal nobility, the public ollices, 

 the finest churches, and most of the museums and public collections, 

 the colleges, the exchange, and the most splendid shops. The houses, 

 which are in general of brick, are six or seven stories, and very laivr ; 

 most of them are inhabited by several families. There is a common 

 staircase, and a porter keeps the street-door. 



The public buildings, palaces, churches, &c., are very numerous : 

 1. The most remarkable is the cathedral, dedicated to St. Stephen, a 

 very majestic edifice, built entirely of freestone, iu a beautiful gotliic 

 style, in the 12th and 13th centuries : it is one of the finest specimens 

 of ancient German architecture. The interior ia 342 feet in length, 

 222 feet in breadth between the two great towers, aad 79 feet iu 

 height. The church is surmounted by four towers, one of which is 

 above 450 feet high. In this steeple hangs the groat bell, weighing 

 ,'!57 cwt, and cast, in 1711, out of 180 pieces of Turkish cannon, 

 which had been used in the siege of Vienna. The interior of the 

 church contains thirty-eight marble altars and numerous monuments 

 of celebrated men, among which are those of tho emperor Frederick IV. 

 and of Prince Eugene of Savoy. The crypt beneath tho church con- 

 sists of thirty large vaults, in which since the time of Ferdinand III. 

 tho bowels of all the deceased members of the imperial family are 

 deposited in copper or silver urns, their hearts being deposited in the 

 Augustinian church, and their bodies in the church of the Capuchins 

 in tho New Market, where also is the sarcophagus of the Duke of 



