1017 



VIEN'XA. 



VIENNA. 



1013 



Keichstailt, son of Napoleon I. 2. St. Peter's, built on the model of 

 St. Peter's at Rome, aud adorned with fine fresco and old paintings. 

 3. The elegant Augustiuian church, which contains the celebrated 

 mausoleum of the archduchess Christina, a masterpiece of Canova, 4. 

 The church of the Capuchins, with the imperial family vaults, where 

 the bodies of the imperial family are deposited, beginning with the 

 emperor Mathias and his consort 5. St. Michael's, a magnificent 

 edifice, containing some capital paintings. 6. St.-Kuprecht's is remark- 

 able only as the oldest Christian church in Vienna, having been 

 originally built in 740, for the convenience of the Avari. 7. The 

 church of Maria Stieeen, built in 882, and recently assigned to the 

 Redemptorists, and likewise to the Slavonian nation. 8. The Scotch 

 abbey church (so called from the Scotch Benedictines, who possessed 

 it from 1153 to 1418). Besides these there are the Italian church, 

 the German church, two chapels in the Burg, the church of the United 

 Greek*, and two churches of the schismatic Greeks. The Lutheran 

 and the Calrinist chapels have neither steeples nor bells. The Jews 

 have a synagogue and school. 



The principal public buildings are 1. The Burg, the imperial palace, 

 the residence of t.'.e emperor, an old irregular eiiiace, built at different 

 times. It consist* of three quadrangles. It contains the imperial 

 jewel-office, one of the richest collections of the kind in Europe, a 

 fiue cabinet of works of art, n very extensive collection of natural 

 history, and the cabinet of medals, which far surpasses all other collec- 

 "f the kind. The Imperial Library, connected with the Burg, U 

 a handsome edifice, with a saloon, and a gallery 250 feet long, aud in 

 the c>-ntre 100 feet broad, in which i* the imperial library, consisting 

 of 320,000 volumes and 16,000 manuscripts, many of whioh ore very 

 ancient and very valuable. The library poieeasos a collection of 

 20,000 volume* and 650 manuscripts in Oriental languages, minting to 

 the history of Turkey ami other eastern countries, formed by Von 

 Hammer. The collection of engravings U one of the largest and most 

 valuable in Europe : it consists of above 300,000 engravings, from the 

 origin of the art to the present time. 2. The building formerly called 

 the Imperial ' 'hancery, the fine facade of which forms one side of the 

 .11,'la called the Borghof, cr Burgplatz, built by Fischer von 

 I'.rUcli, with five ooloee.il groups by Machieli, representing the Labours 

 of II- ruule*. 3. The Imperial Hiding-School, a masterpiece of archi- 

 tecture, by Pixcher von Krlach. 4. The splendid palace of the Arch- 

 duke Charles, formerly belonging to his father-in-law, the Duko of 

 Saxe-Teschen ; containing an extensive library and a collection of 

 180,000 engravings in 900 portfolios. The ollection contains al> 

 15,000 drawing* by the old muter*. 5. The Mint, formerly the resi- 

 dence of Prince Kugcna. 6. The University. 7. The Town-house. 

 8. The archbisho;>'s palace, near St Stephen'*. 9. The Zeughaui, or 

 Imperial Arsenal 10. The former City Hospital, a large building 

 four stories high, with 10 court-yards or quadrangle*, and divided into 

 200 residences. 11. The Trattnerhof, a spacious building divided 

 in a limilar manner. 12. The Town Arsenal 13. The Bank in the 

 Singer-street. 14. The Imperial Austrian National Bank. 15. The 

 public office* called Chanceries, such as the Bohemian, Austrian, and 

 the Hungarian and Transylvanian chanceries. 16. The Custom-house. 

 17. The palaces of Vie nobility, molt of which are remarkable for 

 their architecture, and contain good collections of paintings and other 

 works of art. There are five thettrea in Vienna, two in the inner city 

 and three in the suburbs. I. The Hof or Burg Theatre, attached to 

 the imperial palace, for the performance of the regular drama. 2. The 

 Theatre at the Karnthner, or Carinthian gate, for operas and ballet*. 

 3. The Theatre on the Wien, in the suburb \Vieden, the largest and 

 handsomest in Vienna, for melodrama. 4. The Theatre of the Leo- 

 poldstadt, an Austrian national theatre, the favountj of the middle 

 and lower elms* . 5. The Theatre in the Josephstadt. 



The hospital* and other charitable institutions are numerous and 

 well endowed. The General Hospital, founded by Joseph II., is a 

 very large building, containing 2000 bed*. Connected with it is an 

 admirably-managed lying-in hospital, and a foundling hospital There 

 U also a lunatic asylum. The institution for deaf-mute* was founded 

 by Joseph 1 1. ; the inmate* are treated with parental care. The 

 Hospital of the Charitable Brother* is open to the sick of all nations 

 and religions. The Invalid/ House, or Hospital, founded by Joseph II., 

 accommodate* 800 old soldier*. 



The principal establishments for education are the following : The 

 University, founded by Duko Rudolph IV. and his brother*, with the 

 conwnt of Pope Urban IV., in 1365. It is famous as the first medical 

 school in Germany, is attended by above 2000 student', and ha* 80 

 professor*, a library of 120,000 volume*, an observatory (the latitude 

 and longitude of whioh are given in the previous column), a botanic 

 , an anatomical theatre, a veterinary school, and n laboratory. 

 The Josepbiuum, founded by Joseph II., is a medical institution for 

 the instruction of surgeons for tlie army, with very rich collection*. 

 Other establishments worthy of notice are the Imperial Oriental 

 Academy ; the Academy of Engineers ; the Academy of the Fine Arts ; 

 the Geographical Institution ; the Mineralogical Institute ; the Normal 

 School; the Polytechnic Institution ; anil many other*. 



'i.i, being the centre of the Austrian dominions, is likewise the 



,<.il neat of commerce and manufactures. Steam-vessels ply 



he Danube, and to Constantinople, Trebiz mil, aud Smyrna, and 



other Mediterranean ports. Railway* connect Vienna with Trieste 



(its great port on the Adriatic), with Peath and other towns in the 

 j crowuland of Hungary, with Prague, Dresden, Cracow, Warsaw, 

 i Breslau, Berlin, and all the important towns of North and Central 

 j Germany; and lines are in course of construction to extend its commu- 

 nication by railroads to Milan, Salzburg, Munich, and South-Western 

 Germany. By electro-telegraphic wires Vienna has instantaneous 

 communication with Constantinople, Paris, London, Milan, Berlin, 

 and all the important towns iu Europe. Manufactures of every kind 

 are carried on in Vienna. The principal are silk, velvet, shawls, 

 gold and silver lace ; cottons, woollens, ribands, carpets, leather, por- 

 celain, jewellery, mathematical and musical instruments, cannon and 

 fire-arms, gold and silver plate, watches, fine cutlery, carriages, gloves, 

 lace, straw-hats, paper, *c. The printing of large and accurate maps, 

 and of books in various dialects of human speech, are greatly 

 encouraged by the Austrian government. 



The suburbs are not built on a regular plan, but they have broad 

 and straight streets, many of which are of great length. They contain 

 numerous palaces and gardens of the nobility, a great number of 

 handsome private houses, several convents, and above 30 churches, 

 "f which we may instance the church of St. Charles Borromeo, perhaps 

 the handsomest ecclesiastical edilice iu Vienna. Among the other 

 buildings in the suburbs the following are most worthy of notice : 

 The Imperial Mews, 600 feet in length, fitted up to receive 400 horses. 

 The Belvedere Palace, which was built by Prince Eugene, and consists 

 of two buildings, the Upper aud Lower Belvedere, with a public 

 garden on the space between. The Lower Belvedere, which stands 

 at the foot of a gentle eminence, contains the celebrated Auibras 

 collection of ancient armour, paintings, jewels, &c., removed from the 

 castle of Auibras, in the Tyrol, iu 180G, when that province was ceded 

 to Bavaria. The Egyptian Museum U deposited iu the same building. 

 The Upper Belvedere, which crowns the eminence, contains the 

 imperial gallery of painting*, consisting of nearly 1300 pictures, 

 arranged according to schools. The palaca of Prince Liechtenstein 

 contains a splendid gallery of 1200 pictures, a valuable collection of 

 engravings, and many other works of art : attached to the palace is 

 a lino garden. Prince Esterhazy's summer residence contains his 

 1 gallery of paintings, some fine sculptures, and a collection of 

 iU.uuo engravings. The beautiful palace of the Duke of Modena; 

 that of Count Kaaumowoky ; the Polytechnic Institution, with n very 

 remarkable collection of many thousand specimens of the national 

 manufactures ; the Imperial Porcelain Manufactory, which occupies 

 an t-u'.iro street. Several of the public institutions already noticed 

 are in the suburbs. 



Among other structures in Vienna must be mentioned the bridges 

 over the Danube, of which the Kenliimud Bridge, opening upon tho 

 Tabor-Strasse, in the northern suburb, opposite to the liothethurm 

 Gate, i* considered a masterpiece of construction ; it consists of ten 

 cast-iron arches supported on stone pier*. A chain-bridge was com- 

 plet-.l in November, 1619. Many additions have been made to the 

 fortifications of Vienna since the troubles of 1848-49. On the left 

 bank of the Danube is the great central railway station where the 

 junction between the northern and southern railways takes place. The 

 custom-house ; the church aud convent of the Sisters of Mercy ; the 

 SUndebaus, or house of assembly for the states of Lower Austria ; 

 the new post-office; the several barracks; the new gate; the Weil- 

 burg and Schonbrun palaces ; the savings bank, Dittmann's-Haus, in 

 the Prater; the music ball, and the exchange, are also to be numbered 

 among the fine structures in or near this illuttnoua capital. 



The public promenades, which are the great places of resort for the 

 citizens of Vienna, are the following : The Bastei, or ramparts of the 

 old town, and the glacis, or esplanade between the city and the suburbs. 

 That part of the Bastei is the most frequented which U near the im- 

 perial palaces, and communicates with the Volksgarteu (tlio people's 

 garden), which was laid out and thrown open to the public by the 

 emperor Francis. There are two handsome coffee-houses in this 

 garden, and an edifice copied after the temple of Theseus at Athens, 

 in which is placed the fiue group of Theseus slaying the Minotaur, 

 by Canova, the gardens of the palaces of Liechtenstein, Rasumowsky, 

 Schwarzenberg, and tne Belvedere, are also open to the public. The 

 Prater, an immense park, in the. Leopoldstadt suburb, was opened to 

 the public by the emperor Joseph II. iu 1766. The Prater is a league 

 and a half in length, and is traversed by six noble avenues of chestnut- 

 tree*, running iu different directions, the principal one being 15,000 

 feet in length. This h divided into threo parts; one for horsemen, 

 one for pedestrians, and the broad road between them for carriages. 

 Beyond the avenue* there are fiue meadows, with groups of mag- 

 nificent trees, and large herds of deer. The Prater is always crowded 

 with company every Sunday in the spring : the grand day is Raster 

 Monday, when there may be 20,000 pedestrians, aud an uninterrupted 

 line of carriages two leagues in length. Then) are many coffee-houses 

 along the walks. The most characteristic part of the Prater however 

 is the \V lintel Prater, so called from the puppet-shows (Wiirstel-spiele) 

 there exhibited. It is covered with innumerable liquor-shops, swings, 

 roundabouts, jugglers, and all sorts of diversions for the lower classes. 

 The whole is like a great fair or encampment of sutlers' booths ; long 

 rows of tables and benches are constantly supplied with guests. 

 Adjoining the Prater is the Augartcu, and next to that the Brig'ittcnaii, 

 which art) very agreeable walks, but not so frequented as the Prater. 



