WASHINGTON. 



WATERFOUD. 



ior 



at the CMUtir* department* of *tte and of foreign diplomat!***, 

 with Ik* addHioo of MMh profo*iool. trading, mechanical, and menial 

 quired to minister to their comfort The tone of 



piooM a* *i required to mtolater to uiur conuorc. 1 m 

 MMr** might be anticipated from this ctrcumrtano*, differs eon- 

 aidanblv from that which prevails iu other partt of the Union. 

 Owing to the influence of th example of the foreign diplomatist*, it 

 aaaroaoiM* more nearly in aotne mpeota to that of Europe. In 

 external appearance and the arrangement* of domeatio and social 

 iatvreoone, Washington remind! the Kuropean of a *econd-rate 

 ContOMotal capital ; in it* buaineai habit*, political club-, and govern- 

 ment and parliamentary office*, of \Ventmin.-ter. There U nothing 

 ffi^J^tw. or comniereial in ita character : that cotuUta rathor of a 

 mixture of politic* and pleasure. The highest intellects, the best- 

 educat*!. and most influential gentlemen of America art) to be met 

 with in the circle* of Washington. The fashionable amusements are 

 M in Europe ball*, soiree*, dinner parties, &o., which in costliness 

 are on a level with thoae of the moat courtly cities of the Old World, 

 The city aflbrda every accommodation to the temporary residents. 

 The boarding-house* of Washington form quite a feature of the city ; 

 aa>d the hotel* are numerous and on a scale of great magnitude and 

 Some hare marble frouts of considerable architectural 



WASHINGTON. [DURHAM; IKDIAHA; PMKSTLVAKIA.] 



WASSKLuNNE. (limy, HAS.] 



W ASSIGN Y. [AnWB.] 



WATCHETT. [SOMERSETSHIRE.] 



WATKKOO, the largest of Cook's Isles, a small group situated in 

 the Pacific between the Society Islands on the east and the Friendly 

 Islands' on the wrat It lies between 18 and 22 S. lat, 157 and 

 180" W. long. Wateeoo, or Atioo*. occupies nearly the centra of the 

 group, being traversed by 20 S. lat, 168 5' \V. long. ; it is about 18 

 miles in circumference. The surface is composed of hills and plain.*, 

 and the soil U light and randy along the beach, but better farther 

 inland. The shares are lined with reefs or rocks, so that they cannot 

 be approached by vessels. The island has abundance of cocoa palms, 

 plantain*, and sweet potatoes ; and of hogs. A great part of it is 

 covered with trees. The number of inhabitants is perhaps about 

 4000. and that of the whole group U estimated at 16,000. 



WATEIiUKACII. [CAMBRIIKJKSIIIHE.] 



WATEKBURY. [CONNECTICUT.] 



WATERKORD, a maritime county in the province of Muuster, 

 Ireland, is hounded N. by the counties of Tipperary and Kilkenny, E. 

 by the county of Wexford, S. by the Atlantic Ocean, and W. by the 

 . of Cork. It lies between 51 56' and 52 20' N. lat., 6 68' and 

 8" 8' W. long. IU greatest length from east to nest is 52 miles, from 

 north to south 2S miles. Tho urea is 721 square miles, or 461,553 

 acres. The population of the county, exclusive of Waterford city, in 

 1M1 was 17V"1 1 > 1851 it was 138,754. 



font-line. From Blackball Head, near the entrance of Youglial 

 Harbour, the western extremity of the coast of Waterford, the 

 general direction of th coast is east for three or four miles, when it 

 trends to the north-east to Uelwick Head, the western head of Dun- 

 garvau Harbour. This harbour does not afford very good anchorage. 

 From the opposite headland the coast runs more easterly to Tramoro 

 Bay, which lias a level beach three miles in extent. Tho coast is flat 

 and very dangerous to shipping. There are beacons on the eastern 

 and western headlands of the bay. Between Tramore and Dungarvan, 

 a distance of W miles, the wholn coast is rocky, and often unsafe from 

 the want of shelter. About 6 miles east of Tramore is lied Point, 

 the south-western extremity of Waterford Harbour; and a mile farther, 

 within the harbour and about 14 miles below Waterford, is the port 

 of Dunmore. The width of Waterford Harbour is here about 2 miles. 

 Thrre is a lighthouse on Hook Head, at the entrance of the harbour 

 on the eastern tide. There are some remarkable caverns on the 

 coast. 



Surface, Uydrograpky, and Communication!. The general character 

 of the county is mountainous. The great mountain-tract which 

 extends from Waterford on the cast coast to Dingle Bay on the west, 

 comprehends th whole of the county of Waterford ; it is interrupted 

 on a line from Duugarvan to the vally of the Suir, west of C'lonmel, 

 by the southern extremity of the great plain which occupies the 

 central part of Ireland. The Cummeragh Mountains, which occupy 

 the part of the county writ of Dungarvan, are among the highest 

 and wildest in Ireland. There re four small lakes among the Cum- 

 mengh Mountains. 



The ftur, which rues in the north-east of Tipperary, after being 

 joined by the Nier from the Cummoragh Mountains, forma the 

 nry-liue boiw. en Waterford and Tipperary and Kilkenny. The 

 I waters of the 8uir and Barrow form the actuary called Watcr- 

 ur. Tlio Suir is navigable for large vessels up to Water- 

 jty, and to Cairi-'k-un Suir for those of which the draught does 

 tceed 11 feet The Jituckwaler, which rises in the Kerry Moun- 

 tain., enter* the county on the w<*t, and runs due east to Cappoquin, 

 wh re it turns southward, and di<:h.-\r.-es itaelf into Youghal Harbour, 

 afur receiving midway the river Brid-i The Blackwater is navigable 

 fur vol of 100 tons to iU confluence with tin; llrido, mid f.>r vessels 

 of 70 tns as far an Oappeqnia Tho Bride, a sluggish ntream, U 

 Oectcd by the tide for the wholo of its course within the county, and 



is navigable for small craft From Cappoquin to Lismoro there is a 

 canal 3 miles long, made at the expense of the Duke of Devonshire, 

 The Lioky, liricky, Colligein, Mahon, Phinisk, Clodagh, and some 

 other streams, none of them of importance, except for drainage, reach 

 the so* at various points of the southern coast. 



The mail-coach road from Dublin to Waterford, 75 miles, enters tho 

 county within two or three mile* of Waterford city. The mail-coach 

 road from Waterford to Cork, 714 miles, passes through Kilmacthomas, 

 Cappoquin, and Tallow, between which place and Youghal it leaves 

 the county, but again touches Waterford before it finally leaves the 

 county a short distance before reaching Youghal. The other import 

 ant roads are from Dungarvan to Youehal, through Clashmore ; also 

 from Dungarvan to Youghal, through Pilltown, both over tho moun- 

 tains; and from Dungarvan to Clontnel by Ballinamult ; one from 

 Cappoquin to tho mountains ; one from Waterford to Tramore. Tho 

 railways which are wholly or partially in the county aru tho Water- 

 ford and Kilkenny, the \Yaterford and Limerick, and the Waterford 

 and Trauiore railways. 



Otology and Mineralogy. The Waterford Mountains contain two 

 varieties of slate. The first is the old transition-slate, coloured gray, 

 which is quarried at Glenpatrick, and is extensively used for roofing. 

 The second or newer slate rests on the older ; the lower portions of 

 its strata consist of alternating beds of brownish-red quartzose con- 

 glomerate and coarse red slate. These strata are succeeded l>y 

 alternations of red and gray quartz rock, red quartzose-Klate, and 

 clay-slate, the grain becoming gradually finer as the beds accumulate 

 and recede farther from the conglomerate, till at length the upper 

 beds produce varieties of purple, brownish-red, and reddish-gray 

 clay-slate, which are quarried and used as roofing-slate, particularly 

 in the valley of the river Blackwater near Lismore. Tho newer slate 

 series contains abundance of marine and even vegetable organic 

 remains. The limestone in the valleys contains all the fossils of the 

 carboniferous limestone ; and the gray-slate, which sometimes alter- 

 nates with the lower beds of the limestone, also contains fossils similar 

 to those found iu the limestone. Slate, iron, and lead are found at 

 various places in the clay-slate district. At Kaockmahon and lion- 

 mahon, two adjoining places near the coast, about equidistant from 

 Tramore and Dungarvan, oopper-mines have been successfully worked 

 for some years. Good potters'-clay occurs about Dungarvau. A black 

 marble is quarried at Kildrum, about 5 miles from Duugarvnn, and 

 marbles of various colours are likewise met with in the county. A 

 good sandstone for buildings, as well as a kind resembling Poi 

 stone, ia found in several places. 



Climate, Soil, and Agriculture. The climate is moist, but is not 

 considered unhealthy. Much of the soil is marshy, and there is a 

 considerable quantity of bog, but a large part of the cult: 

 districts is what is called good light turnip laud. The pastures are 

 excellent, and much butter is exported, the breed of cows yielding 

 rich milk, but not fatting well for the butcher. Bacon is also made 

 and exported largely. Iu 1853 there were 117,800 acres under crop, 

 of which 21,946 acres grew wheat ; 33,484 oats ; 11,186 barley, bere, 

 rye, beans, and peas; 19,944 potatoes; 11/233 turnips; 3334 other 

 green crops ; 103 flax ; and 16,070 acres were in meadow and clover. 

 The plantations in 1841 covered 26,536 acres. On 9220 holdings in 

 1852, there were 12,430 horses, 4520 mules and assos, 66,122 cattle, 

 31,934 sheep, 45,114 pigs, 6990 goats, and 151,150 poultry, of the 

 total estimated value of 637,423/. 



The fishery district of Waterford comprises 78 miles of maritime 

 boundary, extending from the east bank of Birrow Bar to Ballyvoilo 

 Head. In 1858 it had 401 registered fishing-vessels, employing 1656 

 men and boys. 



The county is iu the dioceses of Waterford and I.ismore, and, 

 including the city of Waterford, contains 82 parishes. It is divided 

 into eight baronies Coshmore and Coshbride, D.'cies within Drum, 

 Decies without Drum, Gualtier, Glenahiry, Middlethird, Upperthird, 

 and KilcuHiheen. The principal towns are WATERFOKD, DUNGARVAN, 

 Portlaw, LISMORE, Tallow, Carriokbeg, which is part of CARRU K-ON- 

 SUIR, Cappoquin, and part of CI.ONMEL. The places printed iu small 

 capitals are noticed under their respective names. The following are 

 the smaller towns and more important villages, with the population of 

 each in 1851 : 



Ardmore, population 836, a village and post-town, about 4 mile? 

 N.E. from Youghal, is admirably adapted for a bathing-place. There 

 is some fishing earned on. The remains of an old church are in the 

 village. Ardmore Head aud Hamhead are rocky eminences rising to a 

 height of above 200 feet. In the neighbourhood are the Slieve tiiran 

 or Drum Mountains, of which one of the heights exceeds 900 feet. 

 Bonmahon, a sea-bathing village, about 5 miles 8.E. from Kilmac- 

 thomas, at the mouth of the river Mahon, is the chief place of the 

 district where copper is procured: population, 1142. Some lead U 

 also found. At Boumahon are a dispensary and loan-fund office. 

 Cappoquin, a small post-town, prettily situated at the southern foot 

 of the Knockmeledown Mountains, on the left bank of the Blackwatcr, 

 about 3 miles li from Lismore : population, 2145. There are a neat 

 church, a large Roman Catholic chapel, a dispensary, and a loan-fund 

 office. Five fairs are held in tho course of the year." The Blackwater 

 is hero navigable for barges. Near th town is the largo Trappist 

 establishment of Mount M<rll> r;iy. /'iiiiiiniri; a s'-a-pnrt and post- 



