1169 



WURZEN-. 



XORULLO. 



1170 



Frnncouia, ia situated in 49 45' N. lat., 9 56' E. long., in a beautiful 

 valley on the Mayn (over which there ia a bridge 200 yards loug, 

 adorned with twelve colossal statues of saints), and on the railway 

 from Barcberg to Krankfurt, from which towna respectively it is 

 distant 63 and 70 miles, and baa 25,000 inhabitants. As Wur/.burg 

 has been the see of a bishop since A.D. 741, and for many centuries the 

 capital of an ecclesiastical principality, governed by a succession of 

 Above 80 bishops, who were princes of the empire, it contains a great 

 number of handsome churches and other handsome public buildings. Of 

 the churches the principal are, the cathedral, originally founded in the 

 8th century, but rebuilt subsequently to 1042, which contains many fine 

 paintings, and a long series of monuments of the bishops, each bearing 

 the sword in one hand and the crozier in the other ; the church of 

 St. John im Hang, built on the model of St Peter's at Rome ; the 

 New Minster, containing the relics of St. Kilian, an Irish missionary, 

 and the apostle of Franconia ; the Marienkirche, an elegant edifice, 

 built in the yean 1377 to 1479, in the' German pointed style, with 

 lofty lancet windows : and the University church, with an observatory 

 on its lofty tower. The most remarkable of the secular buildings 

 are, the royal, formerly the episcopal, palace; it waa built by two 

 bishops of the name of Schbnborn, 1720-1744, in imitation of the 

 palace of Versailles, is 270 feet long, 60 fet high, and forms a paral- 

 lelogram with two projecting wings : the Julian hospital, a very large, 

 wealthy, and admirably arranged institution: the town-hall: the 

 university, which has a clinical establishment, an anatomical museum, 

 a library of 100,000 volume* and 1000 manuscript*, &c. : and the 

 citadel, situated on the Frauenberg, or Marienberg, a bill 400 feet high 

 above the left bank of the Mayn. Besides the university, Wurzburg 

 has a gymnaaium, a seminary for priest* and schoolmasters, a veteri- 

 nary school, a polytechnic institution, a school of industry, a school 

 of music, schools for the blind, for midwifery, &c. : it has also four 

 hospitals, besides the Julian hospital already mentioned ; and a syna- 

 gogue. The manufactures comprise woollen-cloth, tobacco, pipes, 

 leather, paper, surgical and mathematical instruments, Ac. Boat* are 

 built, and there i* an active river trade in wine and other agricultural 

 produce. Steamers ply daily on the Mayn to Frankfurt. Wurzburg 

 is the residence of a bishop and chapter, and the seat of the law 

 court* and public office* connected with the administration of the 

 province. The territory of tho prince-bishops was secularised in 1803 

 and given to the archduke of Tuscany. In 1815 it was united to 

 Bavaria. 



WURZEN. [LEIPZIG.] 



WYCOMBE, CHIPPING, or HIGH WYCOMBE, Buckingham- 

 shire, a market-town, municipal and parliamentary borough, and the 

 seat of a Poor-Law Union, in the parish of Chipping Wycombe, is 

 situated in 51 37' X. lat, 45' W. long., distant 18 miles S. by E. 

 from Aylesbury, and 29 miles W. by N. from London. The popula- 

 tion of the municipal borough in 1851 was 3588, of the parliamentary 

 borough 7179. The borough is governed by four aldermen and 12 

 councillors, of whom one is mayor ; and returns two members to the 



Imperial Parliament. The living is a vicarage, in the archdeaconry 

 of Buckingham and diocese of Oxford. Wycombe Poor-Law Union 

 contains 30 parishes and townships, with an area of 81,308 acres, and 

 a population in 1851 of 33,562. 



High Wyeombe, as the town is commonly designated, probably 

 occupies the site of a Roman settlement : a Roman tesselated pave- 

 ment and Roman coins and other antiquities have been discovered 

 here. The town had a market in the time of the Saxons. It was 

 incorporated in the reign of Henry VI. (1422-1461). The borough 

 has returned two members to Parliament since the reign of Edward I. 

 The river Wick passes through the town, and falls into the Thames 

 at Great Marlow, about 6 miles south from Wycombe. There are 

 numerous paper-mills and corn-mills on the Wick and on the Rye, a 

 feeder of the Wick. The church is a fine old building of the 13th 

 century, with a highly-ornamental tower, 108 feet high, of later date. 

 The length of the church, including the chancel, is 180 feet ; the 

 height of the nave is 48 feet In the course of extensive repairs in 

 the church in 1827, a fine gothic window over the great south door 

 was discovered and opened. The Wealeyan Methodists, Independents, 

 and Baptists, have each two places of worship; the Quakers and 

 Primitive Methodists have one each. There are a Free Grammar, a 

 Diocesan, National, and British schools, a literary institution, and a 

 savings bank. The town-hall and market-house, erected in 1757, is 

 supported on 34 stone pillars. The making of chairs from beech- 

 wood is carried on to a considerable extent in Wycombe. Rope-making, 

 basket-making, coach-building, the parchment manufacture, brewing, 

 and malting, furnish employment. Lace-making and straw-plaiting 

 employ many of the female inhabitants. A county court is held in 

 the town. Friday is the market-clay. Fairs for cattle are held on 

 the third Monday of April and on October 28th ; a statute fair is held 

 on tho Monday before Michaelmas day. Wycombe market is import- 

 ant for corn and agricultural produce generally. Adjoining the town 

 is Wycombe Abbey, a very large and hamlsome modern mansion, 

 the seat of Lord Carrington. Wat Wycombe, 2 miles W.N.W. from 

 High Wycombe, is noteworthy on account of the church, a somewhat 

 singular structure, erected in 1763 by the notorious Francis Dash- 

 wood, Lord le Despencer. The tower is surmounted by a globe, in 

 which is a room capable of containing several persons. West Wy- 

 combe House, a spacious modern mansion, the Dashwood family seat, 

 stands in an extensive park adjoining the village. The park is 

 picturesque, well-wooded, and contains some fine sheets of water. 



WYE. [KENT.] 



WYE, KlVEIi. [SEVERN; MONMOUTHSHIRE.] 

 WYK.E REGIS. [DORSETSHIRE.] 

 WYLAM. [NORTHUMBERLAND] 

 WYMESWOULD. [LKIOESTERSHIBK ; NORFOLK.] 

 WYMONDHAM. [NORFOLK,] 

 WYRARDiSBURY. 



WYRE, RIVER [LAHCASHIRE,] 

 WYSZOGROD. 



X 



VALAPA. [Mixico.1 

 A THUS, RIVER, [AHATOUA.] 



x I:\IA. 



li:ilE.S) DE LA FRONTERA. 



XERE.S (JERES) DE LOS CABALLEROS. [ESTREMADURA, 

 Spanish.] 



X1NGU, RIVER [BRAZIL.] 

 XORULLO, or JORULLO. [MEXICO.] 



YAKUTSK. [SIBERIA.] 

 VAN/ISO. [KMT.] 



YALOOTOIOV.-.K. [SlBMUA,] 



YAMi-TSE KIANG, one of the largest rivers in the world, drains 

 the north-eastern district* of Tibet and the central provinces of China 

 proper. Its source is in the interior of Asia, about 1860 miles from 

 its mouth in a straight line; but the whole course of the river 

 probably exceeds 3000 mile*. The country watered by the Yang-tse- 

 kiang and its numerous tributaries is estimated to have an area of 

 740,000 square miles. 



r Course. According to Chinese statement* translated and 

 >:.! by Klaproth in his < Memoires relatives a 1'Asie,' the Yang- 

 tse-KUng rises between 34' and 35 X. lat, 89' and 90 E. long., in 

 the liayan Khara Mountains, in three branches, all of which bear the 

 Mongol name of Oolan muren ; but to the moat northern the name of 

 Nan-it>t is prefixed ; that in the middle is distinguished as Tuklomi, 

 and thi southern river is called Kat-ii. These three rivers run from 

 west to cast The Kat-si-oolan-muren is joined from the south by a 

 small river called Muriu-uaa, which comes from the south-past. The 

 united stream preserves the name of the last-mentioned river, which 

 indeed sssms to be the denomination by which the Yang-tse-kiang, 

 in its upper course, is known. The Murus-ussu runs northward, and 



OBOO. DIV. YOU IV. 



is joined by the Toktonai-oolan-muren from the west; it then turns 



eastward and receives the waters of the Nam-tsi-tu-oolan-muren, which 



enters it from the north. The Murus-ussu, after beiug joined by the 



Nam-tsi-tu-oolan-muren, turns southward, being opposed in its eastern 



I course by a branch of the Bayan Khara Mountains, but soon after- 



\ wards it enters by a south-eastern course that extensive mountain 



region which divides tha table-lands of Central Asia from the lowlands 



of China. As the ranges composing this mountain region run mostly 



from north to south, the river soon takes a southern direction, and 



flows in a narrow valley inclosed by mountains, whose summits rise 



far above the snow-line. In these parts the river is called Pho-lai- 



tthu, which passes the town of Batang (29 N. lat), and forms the 



boundary-Hue between Tibet on the west and China proper on the 



east After passing 28 N. lat, the river begins to break through the 



several ranges of snow-covered mountains which oppose its eastern 



course. The valleys which its waters have scooped out across these 



chains is rather wide in the western ranges, so as to extend in some 



I places into moderate plains ; but in the eastern ranges it is a mere 



chasm, which is entirely filled up by the great volume of water brought 



j down by the river. In these parts the river is called Kin-cha-kiang, 



i or the river of the golden sand, because small particles of gold are 



found in it. In its course through the mountain region the Kiu-cha- 



4 r 



