11*1 



YORK8HIBE. 



YORKSHIRE. 



119Z 



south-writ to near Alnc, when it receive* another small stream from 

 the south of rJuingwold, and one on the opposite aide from the lower 

 ground of the Vle of York. IU principal tributary rise* a few miles 

 north of York, near the rirer Foss, and runs first north and then west 

 through the tract called Galtres Forest 



The Pott rises near Newbergh Hall, about 4 miles N. from Easing- 

 wold, then crosses Oulstone Moor, where is a reservoir for supplying 

 the navigation in dry seasons, and passing towards the south-cast, 

 rracuta Sheriff Mutton Bridge, from which point it has been made 

 navigable by the aid of a cut of about 2 miles, to avoid a considerable 

 bend, for a distance of 124 miles, with a fall of 47 feet 8 inches to the 

 level of the Ouse in its ordinary summer state. The lower part of 

 it* course is to the south, with a slight inclination westward, and after 

 passing through the eastern quarter of the city of York, it fulls into 

 the OUM on the south side of the castle. 



The Dervcnt, which is the only important stream descending from 

 the highlands on the eastern side of the county, rises near the Flask 

 Inn, about 3 miles S.W. from Hobiu Hood's Bay, iu tho Eastern Moor- 

 lands. From this point it runs nearly parallel with the coast in a 

 southern direction, with a very tortuous course, to the Vale of Picker- 

 ing, receiving several tributaries from the west, from Harwood-Dale, 

 Long-Dale, Deep-Dale, and Trout' a-Dale. Near Canton it U joined by 

 the Hertford or Hartford, which rises very near the coast at Filey 

 Point, and the Derwent then runs westward along the valley which 

 separates the Eastern Moorlands from the Yorkshire Wolds, to Yeding- 

 bam Bridge, below which it is navigable for barges, and its course 

 becomes south-west, and at length nearly due south. Below Yed- 

 ingham or Yeddingham, the Derwent is greatly augmented by the 

 waters of the Rye. From the junction of the Rye, which gives name 

 to the wapentake of Ryedale, the Derweut flows by New Malton 

 through a beautifully diversified district, past the ruins of Kirkham 

 Abbey, by Stamford Bridge, to East Cottingwith, where it receives 

 the Pocklington Canal from the north-east, by Bubwith and Wrestle, 

 to its junction with the Ousc at Barnby, about 7 miles below Selby. 

 The navigation is the property of Earl Fitzwilliam, and extended 

 originally to New Malton, about 38 miles. The additional length of 

 nearly 114 miles to Yedingham Bridge was made navigable in 1805. 



The Hull rises at the eastern foot of the Wolds, in the East Riding, 

 about 3 miles W. by N. from Great Driffield, and flows south-east to 

 near Frodinghain, where it receives tho Old How Drain, which rises 

 near the sea-coast, a little north of Horn-ea. From the junction the 

 Hull runs southward to the Humber at Kiugstou-upon-Hull, to which 

 town it gives the name by which it is most familiarly known. The 

 Hull is navigable from the junction of its two principal feeders, the 

 upper part of the navigation being effected by an artificial channel, 

 and it communicates with the Di iffield, Leven, aud Beverley canals. 

 This river drains the greater part of the country which is cut off from 

 the valley of the Ouse by the Wolds: but the northeru portion of that 

 district drains into a small stream which rises near Wuarram-le-Street, 

 and follows the course of the northern range of the Wolds, partly by 

 a subterranean channel, to the sea near Bridlingtou ; and a part of 

 the southern extremity of Holderness drains into au independent 

 stream which flows by Hedon into the Humber. 



The Eik, with its numeroui tributaries, drains the northern portion 

 of the Eastern Moorlands. It rises about 20 miles in a straight line 

 west from Whitby, and, collecting the streams from several dales 

 which run at right angles or nearly so to its cours, flows eastward 

 through the narrow but beautiful valley of Eskdale to the sea at 

 Whitby. 



The Tone rises in the neighbourhood of Tickbill, near the south- 

 east boundary of the county, and flows in a very irregular course to 

 the north-east, being separated from the valley of the Don by the 

 intervention of some comparatively high ground. After meandering 

 through the low levels in the vicinity of Hatfield Chacc, it joius the 

 county boundary near the Stainforth and Keudby Canal, aud for the 

 remainder of its course to the Trent, which it joins just before its 

 confluence with the Ouse, this stream foruis the boundary between 

 Yorkshire and Lincolnshire. 



The Kibble rises in the north-western extremity of the West Riding, 

 and flows 6rst to the west past Cam Hill, and then to the south by 

 Horton, Settle, and near Long Preston and Gisburn, to the county 

 boundary at Grindlaton. It turns towards the south-west above 

 Oisuurn, and continues in that direction along the border of the 

 county for a few miles, past Clitheroe, until the boundary turns north- 

 ward, while the Kibble pursues its former direction through Lan- 

 cashire. [LANCASHIRE.] 



The Tea joins the county boundary at its north-western extremity, 



at the junction of Yorkshire, Westmorland, and Durham, in the Lune 



Forest, and it continues to form the boundary between Yorkshire and 



bum for the whole of its course from that point to the sea. This 



river being fully described under DURHAM, it is sufficient here to notice 



U principal tributaries on the Yorkshire side, which are as follows 



The Lune, which rises near the border of Westmorland, and flows 



north-east through Lune Forest to the Tees, a little below Middleton. 



Bander, which flows iu the same direction, aud enters the Tees 



it midway between the junction of the Lune and Barnard Castle, 



passing in it* course those hills in Staiumoor Forest which, in common 



with the heights near Robin Hood's Bay, bear the name of Robin 



Hood's Butts. The Greta River or Beck, sometimes called the Barney, 

 the longest branch of which rises iu Westmorland, but which, though 

 very winding, pursues the same general course towards the north-east, 

 the river being the centre of the beautiful scenery about Greta Bridge 

 to the Tees : the junction of the two rivers forms a remarkably pic- 

 turesque scene. The Leaven, which collects the waters of numerous 

 rivulets from the north-western escarpment of the Eastern Moorlands, 

 and of the Tame from the Vale of Cleveland, and, flowing westward 

 by Stokesloy to Rudby, thence turns north by a wiudiug course to the 

 Tees below Yarm. 



Other streams which rise in this county, but soon cross the boundary 

 into the adjacent counties, are of little importance; the chief arc: 

 the Blythe, which rises to the oast of Rotherhaui, flows westward into 

 Lincolnshire, and there joins the Idle ; the Tame, a tributary of the 

 Mersey, which leaves Yorkshire at its junction with Cheshire and 

 Lancashire; the Wenning, a tributary of the Lune of Westmorland 

 and Lancashire, which rises north-west of Settle, aud flows westward 

 into Lancashire ; the Greta, being a secoud rivulet of that name, which 

 rises at two points near Wharnside, the streams from the two sources 

 flowing southward toward Ingleton, whera they uuite, an i turn west- 

 ward across the county boundary to the Lune, a short distance north 

 of the Wenning ; the Dee, which rises north-east of Wharnside, flows 

 west-by-north along Dentdale to Sedber^h, beyond which place it turns 

 west-by-south, aud, after forming the county boundary for a short dis- 

 tance, enters the Lune in Westmorland ; and the Rather, the second 

 river iu the county of that name, which rises on the north-west 

 boundary, near the sources of the Eden, flows first north-west aloug 

 the boundary of Westmorland, aud then turus southward by the Calf 

 and Cautley Crags and the hill called Serker to Sedbeigh, where it 

 receives a stream which flows westward through Garsdale, and below 

 which place it joins the Dee. 



Canals. The North Hiding of Yorkshire is almost entirely destitute 

 of either artificial canals or navigable rivers, aud the canals of the East 

 Riding are few aud unimportant; but the West Riding is peculiarly 

 rich in this species of communication, while the exceedingly difficult 

 character of the country through which the principal canals are con- 

 ducted has rendered necessary the construction of engineering works 

 of astonishing boldness and magnitude, iu order to effect navigable 

 communications between the eastern, and western sides of the island, 

 across the central mountain chain on the Lancashire side of this 

 county. Of the formidable nature of the difficulties to be overcome 

 some idea may be formed from au examination of the section given by 

 Priestley of the inland navigation between the ports of Liverpool, 

 Goole, and Hull, by the river Mersey, the Duke of Bridgewater's aud 

 Rochdale canals, the Calder and Hebble and Aire and Caller naviga- 

 tions, and the rivers Ouse and Humber, a distance of liib.J, miles by 

 that route. Commencing aloug the tideway of the Mersey, the level 

 is suddenly raised by locks at Ruucoru to au elevation of about 90 

 feet above the level of the Mersey at Liverpool. The next material 

 rise takes place beyond Manchester, on the Rochdale Canal, which, 

 iu a distauce of 17 or 1 8 miles, rises to the summit-level near Stansfield, 

 at an elevation of 600 feet above low-water mark on the M>-rsey at 

 Liverpool, or 610| feet aliove the sea at low water. From this point, 

 which is about GO miles by the navigation from Liverpool, aud a very 

 short distauce west of the western boundary of Yorkshire, the level 

 of the canal falls very suddenly to Todmorden, aud after entering 

 Yorkshire continues to descend, until, at the junction with the Calder 

 and Hebble Navigation, about 73 miles from Liverpool, the elevation 

 is only about 250 feet. From this point the descent, though far less 

 rapid, continues considerable until arriving at the junction of the 

 Calder and Hebble aud Aire and Calder navigations at Wakefield, 

 while the total fall in tho remaining distance of about 62 miles to 

 Hull is only about 70 feet. Other lines of water-communication from 

 the Irish Sea to the German Ocean are formed by the more circuitous 

 route of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal with the Aire and Calder 

 Navigation, and by the more direct cut of the Ashtou-uuder-Lyue aud 

 Huddersfield canals, which communicate with the Caldcr aud Helible 

 Navigation through Sir John Ramsdeu's Canal. For convenience of 

 reference, we notice the principal canals of Yorkshire in alphabetical 

 order. 



The Aire and Calder Navigation has been sufficiently noticed iu the 

 article CALDER, and in a previous part of this article. The Barusley 

 Canal commences iu the Calder, a little below Wakefield Bridge and 

 the junction of the Calder and Hebble Navigation, aud proceeds south- 

 ward for about 10 miles. It then turns westward, and after crossing 

 the river Dearue by a stone aqueduct aud forming a junction with the 

 Dearne and Dove Canal, passes Barnsley aud extends to Barnby Basin, 

 in the township of Cawtuorne, where it communicates with a railway 

 from the Silkstone collieries. Its total length is 1 5 j miles. Beverley 

 Beck is a short canal, or creek, connecting Beverley with the river 

 Hull. The Bradford Canal is a cut of about 3 miles from the Leeds 

 and Liverpool Canal southward to the town of Bradford. It is very 

 useful for exporting paving-stone, coal, and iron. 



The Calder aud Hebble Navigatiou, a considerable portion of which 

 consists of artificial cuts, is noticed under the river CALDER. The 

 Chesterfield Canal, which belongs chiefly to NOTTIMIII VMSIIIKE and 

 DERBYSHIRE, crosses the southern extremity of Yorkshire between 

 Shire Oaks and the village of Wales, near which there is a tuunel of 





