YOULGREAVE. 



ZANGUEBAR. 



1212 



including a drawbridge of 40 feet ; it is 22 feet wide between the 

 railings ; and IB supported by 57 seta of piers or pillars. Among the 

 interesting objects in the town is the house called Myrtle Gruve, which 

 some say was erected, and which doubtless waa for a considerable 

 time inhabited, by Sir Walter Raleigh, in 1586. Raleigh was mayor 

 of the town in 1588, and here, according to tradition, the first potatoes 

 brought by him from America were planted. There are some ruins 

 of the old Dominican priory; considerable remains of the old wall, 

 especially on the western side of the town; and there are several 

 ancient houses in the town and neighbourhood. 



YOULGREAVE. [DERBYSHIRE.] 



YOXFORD. [SUFFOLK.! 



YPRES. [FLAKDERS, West] 



YRIEIX, ST. [VIENNE, HAUTE,] 



YSSENGEAUX. [LOIRE, HAUTE.] 



YSTAD. [SWEDEN.] 



YTHAN, RIVER. [ABEHDEENSHTRE,] 



YUCATAN. [MEXICO.] 



YURGOWETZ-POWOLSKOI. [COSTROMA.] 



YVERDUN. [VAUD.] 



YVERDUN, LAKE. [NEUFCHATEL.] 



YVETOT. [SEINE-lNFERlftDRE ; SEINE-MARITIME.] 



7AANDAM. [HOLLAND.] 



* ZAB, GREATER and LESSER. [BAGHDAD, Pashalic of; 



KURDISTAN.] 



ZABATZ. [SERTIA.] 



ZACATECAS. [Mjsxico.] 



ZACYNTHUS, or ZANTE. [IONIAN ISLANDS.] 



ZAFRA. [ESTREMADURA, Spanish.] 



ZAIRE. [CONGO.] 



ZAMA. [NUHIDIA.] 



ZAMBEZI. [SENNA.] 



ZAMORA. [LEOtr.] 



ZA.MOSZ. [POLAND.] 



ZANA, LAKE. [ABYSSINIA.] 



ZAXDVLIKT. [ANTWERP.] ' 



ZAN'ESVILLE. [OHIO.] 



ZAXGUEBAR, a name given by the Portuguese and after them by 

 'European nations, to a country of eastern Africa, probably from 

 Zanzibar, the largest of the, islands belonging to it. It extends from 

 the Mozimba (11 50' S. lat), which separates it from Mozambique 

 on the south, to Ras Agsoad (4 10' K. lat.), on the north, where it 

 join* the coast of A Jan. The extent of the coast-line exceeds 1500 

 mile*. 



But little is known of Zanguebar except the sea-coast. The interior 

 ii entirely unknown, and occupied by native tribes, which are always 

 at war with the inhabitants of the coast, who are mostly foreign 

 rattlers. The most northern portion from Ras Assoad to the mouth 

 of the river Juba (a few miles south of the equator) is called Barra 

 Somauli, or the country of the Somauli, because occupied by that 

 nation. The country north of Mukdeesha, or Magadoxo, as seen from 

 the sea, exhibits a very small degree of fertility, but in the interior of 

 the country there seems to be a fertile populous basin traversed by 

 the HAIKU RIVER. To the south of Mnkdeesha the country improves 

 considerably ; it is far more fertile and more populous. There are 

 several towns on the coast, as Mukdeesha [ MAGADOXO] ; Gezerat and 

 Denana; Havaly and Ooondarsha; Marka; Mongooya and Torra; and 

 Brava. All these towns are built on rocky promontories, either 

 entirely or nearly insulated. Along the coast there are in most places 

 dangerous reefs. The river, exiled Juba- or Jubb by the Arabs, and 

 by the Africans Wow-weenda, is stated to be of considerable length, 

 rising in Abyssinia, and being navigable by boats for three months 

 from its mouth. Across the mouth, which is not wide, there is a bar, 

 but the bar is narrow and has plenty of water. 



The country south of the river Juba is much more indented, and 

 contains numerous fine harbours. The shore as well as the islands 

 are formed of madrepore. Between the mouth of the river Juba and 

 the Bay of Kwyhoo, a distance of 150 miles, is a labyrinth of small 

 islands and rocks. The country opposite this labyrinth of islands is a 

 succession of hills covered with verdure and of well-wooded lowlands. 

 These ports contain many antiquities, consisting of tombs, obelisks, and 

 otb T ruins. Though the soil of this tract is apparently fertile and 

 the climate healthy, it is very thinly peopled, having been laid waste 

 by the Gal la, who have extirpated the former inhabitants, or obliged 

 them to take refuge in the islands. 



At the southern extremity of this region (near 2 S. lat.) begins a 

 low coast-line, which however contains many excellent harbours, as 

 those of Kwyhoo, Patto, Lamoo, Formosa, Melinda, and Mombas. 

 There are only a few coral islands along it The shores of the bays 

 and harbours are low and mostly swampy ; they are overgrown with 

 mangroves, but at a short distance inland the country rises into low 

 bills, between which are wooded levels of moderate extent. The 

 surface presents a soil varying from red to a dark black, which appears 

 to pomes* a considerable degree of fertility. In Formosa Bay is the 

 m'outh of the river Ozy, which is one mile wide at its entrance, and, 

 although deep inside and a large river, it is difficult of access on 

 account of a dangerous quicksand-bar, over which at low tide there is 

 only four feet of water. According to the statement of the natives, 

 this raw rise* greatly during the rainy season, and inundates the 

 surrounding country for many miles, destroying innumerable wild 

 animals, among the rest many elephants. At the distance of fifteen 



days' journey in a canoe there is said to be a large town, Zoobakey, 

 beyond which the current is too strong for farther progress. There 

 seems little doubt that this large river and the numerous other streams 

 that fall in on this coast, have their sources in the recently discovered 

 Kilimadgaro Mountains, which rise above the line of perpetual snow 

 and reach their culminating point in a lofty dome-shaped summit 

 towering hish above several lower snow crowned peaks that surround 

 it, near 3 40' S. lat. This high mountain range, which (it ia asserted 

 by some) stands at the head of the Nile River, runs nearly due north 

 and south at a distance of about 200 miles from the coast, to which it 

 presents its steepest slope. 



South of Mombas the general appearance of the coast is low, but 

 not swampy, and well defined, having a sandy shore, and in some 

 places a small intervening cliff of coral. But at some distance appear 

 various insulated mountains of curious shapes. The bay of Lindy 

 has a flat shore, which is formed by the alluvial deposit brought down 

 by the river Lindy, which appears to be large, and at a distance of 

 about eight miles from its mouth branches into several small channels, 

 forming a complete archipelago of low swampy islets covered with 

 mangroves. A few miles farther south is the river Rowoona, which 

 discharges a vast volume of water. 



Opposite this country are the largest islands along the eastern 

 coast of Africa, the islands Pemba, Zanzibar, and Moufeea. The most 

 northern Pemba, or A I ffuthera, extends from north to south thirty 

 miles, and from east to west ten miles. It is not in any part more 

 than 200 miles above the sea, and rests on a coral foundation. It is 

 one of the most fertile spots in the world, being covered with a very 

 productive soil, and it abounds in excellent ship-timber : but the largest 

 part of the surface is cultivated, and produces, besides other plants, 

 rice of the finest quality. Zanzibar is nearly twice the size of Pemba, 

 and resembles this island in soil and fertility. Besides every kind of 

 grain which grows between the tropics, it produces great quantities of 

 sugar. There are numerous harbours between Zanzibar and the main, 

 formed by the islands and reefs which are dispersed over the channel 

 which separates it from the continent, and which is about fifteen miles 

 wide. These harbours are safe, and not difficult of access ; but within 

 the shores of Zanzibar there is not one land locked port. The inhabit- 

 ants manufacture from rhinoceros hides great numbers of round shields, 

 about one foot and a half in diameter, for the soldiers of the Imaum 

 of Muskat, who exercises the sovereignty along the greater part of this 

 coast, ifonfeea is little known, being surrounded with a labyrinth of 

 shoals and several islets, which render access to it difficult It seems 

 to be somewhat smaller than Pemba. It rises abruptly from an 

 unfathomable depth, and is based upon a coral foundation. The 

 surface is covered with trees, and it appears to be tolerably well 

 peopled. The channel between the island and the main is about twelve 

 miles across, but so thickly studded with coral shoals as to be impas- 

 sable for vessels of any size without considerable danger. Nearly 

 opposite the mouth of the Mozamba River are the Querimba Inlands, 

 a numerous archipelago, low, and formed of coral, with excellent 

 harbours between them. 



The year is divided between the dry and the rainy season. The 

 rains are very abundant, and the rivers swell so as to inundate the 

 adjacent countries for mile.'. The heat in summer is very great. 



The productions known along the coast are rice, millet, peas, beans, 

 melons, pumpkins, the sugar-cane, cocoa-nuts, bananas, plantains, &c. 

 The forests contain the India-rubber-tree and many large timber-trees. 

 Cattle, mostly of the humped kind, abound. The sheep are of the 

 Tartar breed ; they are very small, but their flesh is delicate and 

 sweet. Fowls are very abundant. The larger wild animals in the 

 interior are the elephant, rhinoceros, lion, leopard, anil several kinds 

 of antelopes. The rivers contain hippopotami and croco lilca. Fish 

 are abundant; there are several kinds of shellfish. Cowries are 

 collected in great quantities for export 



Zanguebar is partly subject to native princes and partly to the 

 Imaum of Muscat. North of the river Juba the inhabitants are 

 Sninauli, and their chiefs appear to be independent. From the river 

 Juba to the Bay of Kwyhoo the Galla have advanced to the shores of 

 the sea, and keep possession of that tract. The country between 



