- I 



EBBRA. 



ZUIDER ZEE. 



1240 



proof of prosperity in the number of pies, cattle, and hones feeding 

 bout." Til* boom are of Maori architecture, with English doors, 

 windows, Ac. Mr. Power adds, that several of the chiefs kept a bank- 

 ing account at Wellington, and relates a story of one of them asking 

 ao English officer to cash a cheque for him, having immediate oocasiou 

 for :n >nry. which was done, and the cheque duly honoured. Rauperaha, 

 after peace was restored, exerted himself greatly in forwarding the 

 building of a church, wliich was done entirely by the Maories. It 

 is only of timber, but it is the largest building they have ever yet 

 erected, being 300 feet long, and in the churchyard attached to it 

 Rauperaha was buried in 1849 with due Christian rites. His son 

 it still the acknowledged chief, and is described as dressing in black, 

 and looking like a clergyman. The population in 1850 was 664. 

 Pttn is a small but flourishing little place on the west coast of New 

 Ulster, and on the right bank of the Wanganui River, 4 miles from its 

 mouth, and about 100 miles N. from Wellington. The population in 

 1850 was 452, of whom 276 were males and 176 females. It consists 

 of about 40 houses, a church, a school, a post-office, and a small jail, 

 all of wood. It was founded in 1842, soon distinguished itself by its 

 agriculture, and acquired a great local reputation for its hams and 

 bacon. In 1847 however an unfortunate quarrel with the natives of 

 the valley led to the destruction of the place. Ou peace being restored 

 the colonist* returned, and have resumed their occupations success- 

 fully. A small detachment of military is stationed at Petre. Putiki- 

 mvonui is a native village on the Wanganui, opposite to the town of 

 Petre. It has about 2000 inhabitants, but the whole number in the 

 district probably amounts to 5000. The inhabitants have now applied 

 themselves sedulously to industrial pursuits, bringing their produce 

 down the Wani:anui in canoes, which they manage with great dexterity 

 down the rapid*, with a cargo sometimes weighing a ton, and contrive 

 even to ascend them with their canoes light. Waikenae is a native 

 village about 20 miles S. from Otaki, at the mouth of a small river of 

 the same name. It is in the same style as Otaki, but smaller. In this 

 village one of the natives set up an ordinary an unlimited dinner for 

 a shilling ; but as his fellow-citizens prepared themselves for it by 

 fasting the whole of the previous day he found it unprofitable, and 

 restricted the meal to two pounds of pork, two pounds of potatoes, 

 and a pint of coffee. It has a timber church like a huge barn, says 

 Colonel Hundy (' Our Antipodes ') and the military coast-road from 

 Wellington passes through it. Wangaroa Bay (celebrated as being the 

 scene of the massacre of the crew of the Boyd in 1809) is about 26 

 miles N. from the Bay of Islands in New Ulster. The entrance to the 

 harbour is narrow, between steep rocks of great height ; but the water 

 is deep, and the inner harbour is very spacious, and sheltered from all 

 winds. The country around is mountainous, and not adapted for 

 cultivation; but the hills are covered with timber, among which the 

 Kauri pine was particularly abundant, but has been much thinned. 

 A few Europeans are settled here, and there is a native village of about 

 2000 persons, with Protestant and Roman Catholic missions, both per- 

 suasions having chapels. Timber is still occasionally exported, and 

 some small craft have been built here. 



Trade, Commerce, and Manufacture!. The shipping returns show 

 the following results for the year 1851 : Inwards, 253 vessels, 67,856 

 tons; outwards, 236 vessels, 64,734 tons. The total imports in 1851 

 amounted to 349,5402., of which 122,7332. went to New Ulster, and 

 226,8072. to New Munster, which, as we have before noticed, includes 

 for such purposes Wellington and its district. The exports in the 

 same year amounted to 84,1602., of which 47,7072. were from New 

 Ulster, and 36,4532. from New Munster. The chief articles of export 

 were cordage, flax, and hemp ; leather and skins ; whale and sperm 

 oil; whalebone; and wool. In 1853 the declared value of articles 

 produced or manufactured .in the United Kingdom sent from Britain 

 to New Zealand was 230,809k Of trades and manufactures, there are 

 breweries, brick-kilns, candle-manufactories, stocking-looms, cooperages, 

 flax-mills, rope-walks, sacking-looins, wind, water, and steam flour- 

 mills, lime-quarries, lime-kilns, coal-mines, salt-pits, ship- and boat- 

 building yards, tanneries, and saw-mills. In all the towns, and par- 

 ticularly in Wellington, the usual trades and professions have their 

 practitioners. 



ZEBRA. [PHILIPPINES.] 



ZEGZEG. (SOODAN.] 



ZKILA (Zeilch), a town and harbour in Africa, on the western shore 



of the Gulf of Aden, near the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, is situated in 



N'. lat, 43" E. long. The harbour is small and shallow ; small 



vessels anchor at a distance of nearly half a mile from the beach. The 



town is inclosed by wall*, now in ruins. Tho inhabitants are engaged 



i trade. Three kafilas arrive annually from the interior, especially 



om Hurrar, with slaves, gurn, myrrh, coffee, jowari, ghee, ostrich 



ers, millet, wheat, and beans. Most of these articles are sent to 



Mocha and Aden. In return they take back blue and white coarse 



cloths, piece-goods, prints, silks, silk thread, shawls, red cotton yarn, 



beads, zinc, copper-wire, frankincense, and Austrian dollars. Zeila is 



subject to the Pasha of Egypt. 



ZEITZ. [MBMBUBO.T 



ZELAYA. [MEXICO.] 



ZELLE. [LONEBURO.] 

 ZKI.I.KUKKU). [CLAC8THAi.l 



ZliMIN-DEWAR MOUNTAINS. [AFGHA.NISTAK 1 



ZENJAN. [PBRBIA.] 



ZERBST, formerly the capital of Anhalt-Zerbst, but now belonging 

 to Anhalt-Dessau, is situated in 61 58' N. lat, 12 10' E. long., on a 

 level sandy spot on the river Nuthe, about 5 miles from the river 

 Elbe and 90 miles from Berlin : population about 9000. A little 

 without the town is the ducal palace, the birthplace of the empress 

 Catherine II. of Russia. The church of St. Nicholas is a handsome 

 building in the ancicut gothic style. The town has two other churches, 

 two hospitals, an orphan asylum, a house of correction, a workhouse, 

 and a high school called the Franscisceum. The chief industrial 

 products are beer, articles of gold and silver, tobacco, stoue-ware, and 

 woollen cloths. A saline mineral spring was recently discovered here, 

 and handsome baths have been erected. 



ZERINI. [CYPRUS.] 



ZETLAND, the ancient name of the SHETLAND ISLANDS, and still 

 occasionally applied to them. Shetland was called by the Norwegian 

 colonists Hjaltland and Healtland, which became changed into Yetland 

 and Zetland. From this name the late Lord Dundas, one of the prin- 

 cipal proprietors of Shetland, took the title of Earl of Zetland when 

 elevated to that rank in the peerage in 1838. The name is also 

 retained in the title of the lord-lieutenant and sheriff of Orkney and 

 Zetland. 



ZIEGENRUCK. [ERFURT.] 



ZIMAPAN. [MEXICO.] 



ZIHKNITZ. [CZIUKNITZ.] 



ZIRMIE. [SOODAN.] 



ZITTAU. [LAUSITZ.] 



ZNAYM. [MORAVIA.] 



ZOMBOR. [TEMESVAR.] 



ZUG, one of the Swiss cantons, is situated nearly in the centre of 

 Switzerland, and is bounded N. by the canton of Zurich, E. and S. by 

 Schwyz, and W. by Luzern and Aargau. It is about 14 miles long 

 from east to west, and about 10 miles in its greatest width. The area 

 is 85 square miles, and the population at the end of 1850 was 17,461, 

 all Catholics except 125, who were Calvinists. It lies in the basin of 

 the Reims. The northern part of the lake of Zug occupies the centre 

 of the canton ; the southern part is in the territory of Schwyz. The 

 lake is a fine piece of water, about eight miles long, and between 

 one and two miles wide, surrounded by a delightful country. The 

 small lake of ^Egeri lies in the south-east part of the canton of Zug, 

 near the borders of Schwyz, from which it is separated by the ridge of 

 Morgarten. The river Lorze is the outlet of the lake of ^Egeri, and 

 after a very tortuous course it enters the lake of Zug below Baar, and 

 issues out of it again near the village of Cham, and flows northward 

 into the Reuss. The canton of Zug is entirely agricultural ; the soil 

 is fertile. Fruit-trees are in great abundance ; some districts appeal- 

 like a continuous orchard. There are also fine meadows, and th<: 

 horned cattle are remarkably large and fine. Wine is made in several 

 localities. The principal articles of exportation are dried fruit, kirsch- 

 wasser, cattle, butter, cheese, and honey. The lakes abound with fish. 

 Offsets of the mountains of Schwyz enter the canton of Zug from the 

 east and south, and slope towards the banks of the lake. 



The head town, Zug, is built on the east bank of the lake, and at 

 the foot of the Zugerberg, which is covered with vineyards and 

 orchards : population K302. The principal church is dedicated to 

 St. Oswald, a Saxon king and saint. The adjoining cemetery is 

 planted with flowers. The arsenal of Zug contains, among other 

 curiosities, the banner of the canton, stained with the blood of tha 

 landamman, Peter Kollin, who fell with his sons at the battle of Bel- 

 linzoua, fighting against the Milanese, in 1422. Zug has a gymnasium 

 with four professors. 



The other towns of the canton are : Baar, about 3 miles N. from 

 Zug, on the road to Zurich, which has 2000 inhabitants ; and Men- 

 zingen, which has about 2200 inhabitants. 



The constitution of the canton of Zug is a representative democracy. 

 The landrath, or legislative body, consists of 162 members, who sit 

 for one year, -but are re-eligible. There is also a general assembly of 

 the whole canton, which meets once a year, and appoints the landam- 

 man and other officers of the state. The canton returns one member 

 to the National Council of Switzerland. [SWITZERLAND.] 



ZUIDER ZEE, or SOUTH SEA, is so called by the Dutch in 

 contradistinction from the North Sea, though it is only a wide bay of 

 the North Sea, from which it is separated by a series of islands which 

 extend in the form of a segment of a circle along the north-west border 

 of the Zuider Zee. These islands are called Texel, Vlieland, Tor 

 Schelling, and Ameland. 



The Zuider Zee lies between 52 15' and 53 30' N. lat, 4 15' and 

 6 E. long., and covers about 12,000 square miles. Near the middle 

 it is narrowed by a projecting peninsula, on the east point of which 

 the town of Enkhuizeu is built. South of this the sea is generally 

 from 25 to 36 miles wide. At its south-western extremity an inlet 

 branches ofl' to the west, which extends about 15 miles into the pro- 

 vince of Holland. It is from one to two miles wide, and called Hot Y. 

 This inlet is deep enough for vessels of considerable size, and consti- 

 tutes the harbour of Amsterdam, which is built on its southern shore. 

 The entrance to this inlet is between shoals, and is called the Pampus. 

 The shores of the Zuider Zee are generally low. On its eastern side 

 they are well defined, and on the south-east, in the province of Guelder- 



