101 



LANGUAGE. 



LANGUAGE. 



103. 



Indeed, had we started from the Scotch equivalent of our such, namely, 

 thilk, the passage to tali- would have been too easy to need a word of 

 discussion. As a last example let the Latin corulus be compared with 

 the English Kael. Here, the words being of the same sense, the form 

 alone needs consideration ; but Lat. c=h, r in Latin has always grown 

 out of an older i, and before I is the habit of Latin, as e before I 

 is the habit of English. 



The Indo-European family consists of, I. The Indian branch, with 

 Sanscrit at its head, and Pali, or the sacred language of Ceylon, as 

 an important member. 2. Persian, at the head of which stands the 

 ancient Zend. 3. The Slavonic, which must be subdivided into : a, 

 Old Slavic, or the Church language, Russian, Illyrian, Croatian, and 

 the dialects of Carniola, Stiria, and Carinthia ; 6, Slowak of Hungary. 

 Bohemian, the Serbian of Upper and Lower Lusatia, and Polish. The 

 characters which distinguish these two subdivisions are given by 

 Dobrowsky in the preface to his ' Institutiones.' 4. Old Prussian, 

 Lithuanian, Lettish. 5. The Teutonic, divided into three classes : 

 a, Scandinavian, including old Norse or Icelandic, Danish, and Swedish ; 

 l>, Low German, including Gothic, old Saxon, old Frisian, Dutch and 



Flemish, Anglo-Saxon and English, &c. ; c, High German, or simply 

 German, in its three varieties of old, middle, and new. 5. Greek. 

 6. Italian, including : a, of old time, Latin, Oscan, and Umbrian ; 

 b, modern or Romance, that is, Italian, French, Spanish, Portuguese, 

 Norman-English, and Wallachian. 7. Keltic, divided into ; a, Irish, 

 Gaelic, Manx ; J, Welsh, Cornish, Breton. 



The Turanian family consists of : a, Turkish, Mongolian, Mandshoo ; 

 b, Hungarian ; c, Finn, Lapp, Ostiak, Syriaen, c. 



To the Semitic family belong Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Chaldee, 

 Galla, and Berber. 



The remainder may be left for the present unclassified. 



The following tables are deduced chiefly from Pott's ' Etymologische 

 Forschungen,' Bopp's ' Vergleichende Grammatik,' and Grimm's 

 ' Deutsche Grammatik.' Other valuable works which may be con- 

 sulted with advantage, are Zeuss ' On the Grammar of the Celtic 

 Languages,' Diez On the Romance Languages, Schleicher On the 

 Lithuanian, Dobrowsky 's ' Institutiones ' on the Slavic family, and 

 generally the Proceedings and Transactions of the Philological Society 

 of London. 



Numerals. 



* But for 200, Goth, trahunda ; Old Germ, zucibunt, and BO on, 



