MKItl TKV. TU.VXSIT OK. 



M K - 





ing node, 4.'- iu MvuUr increaM (combined with tl 



cossiun*, Ji:. '!: ,... of the |- 0-0; iu secular 



incrgaw (mmbin<s| with the precession), 56U2"'9 ; (S.) of the planet 

 liuui. !> 4' . 



Mean sidereal motion in ouu mean solar day, 4* '>' 3J"'55S ; in 



more Uian 4 complete revolutions ; sidereal revolu- 

 tion , .111 sohr d 



MKIi* ritY. TKAXSIT UK. [Mini. iav; YIN 



MKHiTHY. DKI'ltr> . mil.] 



MKUCKK. It is oomewh.it difficult to give an exact definition of 

 this legal term. Iu onler U> form an aceur.iU- notion of what is meant 

 ti**n of the legal term estate [K>r.\Ti:] is a necessary pru- 

 I.miiury. " The accession of one estate to another, or. more accm.itcly 

 speaking, UM circumstance that two estates immediately ex|>cctant on 

 cadi other, meet or .ue united in the i-ame ]*-inou, is the cause of the 

 merger." il'rcstou.) These words express in general ti-rms the con- 

 ditions necessary iu onler that merger may follow as a consequence. 

 This consequence, called merger, U that the preceding estate ceases 

 t-i runt, and the estate in which this preceiling c I to In- 



merged continues to be exactly the same on it was In-fore that union 

 which WA< UM cause of merger. 



It is lieu-wary fc> add to this general description of the cause of 

 merger, that the estate which is prior in point of time must not In- 

 greater (in legal estimation) than the estate which immediately 

 f K..: it may be either equal or less, but not greater. Also the 

 ul s>ui must both be vested cstaU-s, and both must be legal or both 

 tquitable estates. 



Thus, if A is tenant for life, with reversion to B iu fee, and A sur- 

 renders his estate t<> 1!. or 1! releases his estate to A, in cither ease the 

 life-estate is merged, ti ..f which is that the estate in 



reversion immediately become.? a fee in ].-----;>. n. It scorns that 

 one term of years will merge in another, and a larger t< rm in a less : 

 at least this is the case when the second term is a term in ivvcr- 

 Thus, if A is Un.int for \ cars, with reversion to 1! for years, 

 and A surrenders or assigns his term to 1>. the term which I. 



,'ti .n to this rule : if thu estate of 



A is derived from the estate of 1! as an underlease, the original 

 tenu of B u not abridged by such merger. In fact, merger, in the 

 |*n*per snwe of the tenu, can never apply to a surrender or assign- 

 ment of an estate in land to the person by whom, and out of whose 

 Lugrr estate that smaller estate was granted, lint if A who is 

 tt-od iu fee, Icasei first to B for live hundred years, and then to C for 

 ten years, by way of immediate icvei. -ion. and C assigns his term to B, 

 UM estate of B is merged in that of C, which becomes an c 

 pniMSSJon, and can have no longer nutation than ten years. Opinions 

 vary as \t> the question whether a term con merge in a term in 

 remainder. 



Krtatcs tail are not subject to merger; an exception which is a 

 necessary consequence of the form of the gift to the heirs in tail, so 

 long as there are any. Formerly, if an estate tail had become a 

 lwe fee by the tenant in tail levying a line. Bitch base fee would 

 merge by union with the immediate .reversion in fe *. But by a 

 recent statute <:1 * 4 \Vm. [V. a. 74), cadi di not merge 



hi the n-vetiiii n in fee but shall In; ' enlarged into as l-.rge an c-t.ito as 

 UM tenant iu tail, with the consent of th . if any, might have 



created by any di|Mmiti.-n under this Act, if such remainder or rcvir- 

 had vested in any other |*crson." 



If Uie two estates, the union of which in one person might other- 

 wise cause merger, do not unite iu him in the same right, th. r.- is 

 



The various exceptions to the general principles of merger are 

 iimneroiin enough to fonn the subject of an entire treatise. The whole 

 n.il.ject is discussed at great length iu the thiul volume of .Mr. I' 

 Ti ratine on Conveyancing.' 



The origin of thu doctrine of merger is uncertain, mid no hypo- 



teems fully to explain all the i. i- a now 



In the ca*e put by I'.i.ittoii (fol. 12i,the tcrmor fur years who had 

 become Uie feoffee of the land, is con-i.: > ing, by the 



fc.-.hold, n-lli>i:ne..,l th.. turn (ex ipm 1.1,111"!! se 

 ;Ui tenuiiio rennntiavit). The origin of 

 .er is discussed in I'renUm's third volume, chap, iii . 



MKKIDIAN ,,,rr,ili,,, nmUlny). ] n th.- ,e meridian 



u the circle which |sscs Uinuigh th- i~.le nn<l the xrnith of the 

 ctator: oo the earth it is the circle which posses through the 

 l-le awl UM sjwctator'. urwiti.m ; consequently the terresUial meri- 

 <lwn is the section of the earth made by the plane of the celestial 



The circle derives ite name from Ix-ing that on which the centre of 

 UM mn u found at mid. lav, or real n..n. In the ease of a fixed ntnr, 



UM lime at which iU .iltitu.lr is (rtattxt in the n i. nt of its coming 



uo UM tnerkuan ; but iu tlwt of the -nn or n planet, the orbital 

 Mvrsnti UM tuommt of iu cnlmin 



frmn bang exactly that of it. attaining iu highest |Kiint ; though tlie 

 dilbrwn w not worth tooting for ordinary tMiriKMvs. [Si-nun Due- 

 Tm>r ur THK.I 



MKItl.OX. 'fKi-Aii.i 



I'' A'-ll. ,c ..,11,".. < tr,,r ar i;, .\,;,l, U an acid do- 

 * md by the action of nitric aci.l mi 



citimouic acid. It f-.im j minute crystals, sparingly soluble iu water. 



[ClTICK All!).] 



MKSlTi:. Our 1. 1 the constituents of woo.1 naphtha. It is a very 

 mobile thud, boiling at 158" Kihr.. and possessing an ethereal odour. 

 i.ithi-r similar llui.l ol.taiiu-d fiom w ..... 1 naphtha, ami 

 boiling at 1 l.'i" Kahr. : both arc soluble in U parts of water. 



sIKSITYL-HYPOPHOSPHOROUa ACID (C, \\.<> . llu.i'ui. This 

 acid, along with mattfl-pliMiphorlc ari-l c 





 tin ir com|.Mtioii cannot U- <-oii-id>-ie(l as establi-ln d. 



MINI rvi. I'linsruoinc ACID. 



.Mill.] 



iTYI.ol.i: o'l.t.iln.-.l from the distillation of acetone 



with fuming siilphiuic a. -id. Thus, ;; equivalents <if acetoi. 



.1 '',[\ ( and mc.-il\lole. The atoms ot hydrogen may be sub- 

 stituted by chlorine, lironiiin-. and nitron 



.MKs.MKItlS.M, the term u-.ii.*.lly applied to tlie phanomeoa of 

 animal magnetism, after the name ot its limt propoonder, Anton 

 Mc.smcr. i Jli -Ml i:, in Him;. Div.| I'erhaps the time is not \ct come 

 when the combined ph\ .and psychological phe- 



nomena of mesmerism can be rationally explained. At any > 

 involves a .cries of facts in relation to the human system which 

 historically have a high interest. Not that these arc all new since the 

 time of Mesmer ; but he .viatic character to the phe- 



nomena. and, with the air of a philosopher, sought to refer them 

 ntitic principles. The following is hii account of the agent 

 which he supposed to i 



Animal magnetism is a lluid universally diffused ; it is the medium 

 of a mutual influence between the heavenly luxlies, the earth, and 

 animated bodies ; it ia continuous, so as to leave no void ; its Riibtilty 

 admits of no comparison ; it is capable of receiving, propagating, com- 

 municating all the impressions of motion ; it is susceptible of Hux and 

 of reflux. The animal body experiences the elleets of this agent; by 

 insinuating itself into the snb.-tance uf the nerves itatfects them imme- 

 diately. There are observed, irtkularly iu the human body, proper- 

 .logons to those of the magnet; and in it are discerned poles 

 equally different and opposite. The action and the virtues of animal 

 magnetism may be communicated from one body to other bodies, 

 animate and inanimate. Thin action takes place at a remote distance, 

 without the aid of any intermediate body ; it is increased, reflected by 

 mirrors; communicated, propagated, augmented by sound ; its virtues 

 may be accumulated, concentrated, tr.msported. Although this fluid 

 is universal, all animal bixlics are not equally susceptible of it; there 

 are even some, though a very final! number, which II.IM- propciiics w> 

 opposite, that their very presence destroys all the effects ul this fluid 

 on other bodies. Animal magnetism is capable..!' 1 

 the nerves immediately, and others mediately. It perfects the action 

 of medicines; it excites and directs salutary rriurt in such a manner, 

 that the physician may render himself master of them; by its nie.un 

 he knows the state of health of each individual, nnd judges xvii 

 tainty of the origin, the nature, and the progress of the m..-i 

 complicated diseases; he prevents their inciva.se. and .succeed* in 

 healing them, without at any time exposing his patient to dan. 



mpen- 



ment, and the sex. In animal magnetism nature presents a in.. 

 method of healing and preserving mankind." (Mi'm'iire titr In ' 

 i ,/, i.'ii Ma .n'tt, par M. Mesuier, 1'arjs, 1771>, p. 74. 



Ibid. Afi* tin l.i :i<iii'. p. C.) 



The mode adopU'd by Mesiner of bringing the magnetised under the 

 influence of the magnetic fluid was ]>cculiar. In the middle i.. 

 room ill which the persons to be treated were collected v 

 large circular vessel, made of oak al.ont a foot or a foot, and a half iu 

 height: the interior of this VCK-C! was tilled with pounded gla 

 filings, and bottles containing magnetised water U i irally : 



the cover or up|>cr part of the vc.-scl was pierced with nnmeron 

 in which were pla. .f various lengths,!.,] 



capable of being moved : tills was called the /-.,",', or magnetic- tub. 



, -i.ii-i d in MI 



had one of the rods of iron, the end of which he applied to the ] 

 his body which v. .1 to be the seat i f I 



passed around their bodies united the patients to one another, .n. I 

 sometimes they formed a second chain I A taking hold of each other's 

 thumbs. A pianoforte was placed in the &-. n. and 



various airs were played upon it, sometimes accoin|*.inicd with the 

 sound of the voice and t-ong. The magnetiser held in his hand a 

 polished and pointed rod of iron from ten to twel\ im -In .< long. The 

 baquet was a lescn'oir virtues; its interior 



wan for the pur] x we of concentratingthe magnetic fluid ; tl 

 the comb:* tois for transmitting it. i round the l.odi... of the 



and tin' other ehain of euiincction by the thumlm w. 

 increaning the ell'ecU of the tlnid l.y communication. The magi 

 had pievioiixly ch inoforte with magnetic llniil ; the i 



]i|.i\ ing MI it was incessantly giving out more ; the Hound eoiidn< 1. d it 

 to the patients. The |)urpoe of the music was to put the patients into 

 a state of ipiict ; to give them agreeable i-. . < I thus to dispose 



them to receive the magnetic action. The purpose of the magin ' 

 rol v.a.s to concentrate to n point the fluid which i-mied from Iji: 



