737 



MONEY. 



MOXOCEUOS. 



pagoda of the value of 7s. 5(rf. ; old Arcot pagoda, It. 2rf. ; new Arcot 

 pagotla, 5s. S' t d. ; Onore pagoda, 7s. lOrf. ; Mangalore pagoda, 7s. lOJrf. ; 

 pagoda with a crescent and one figure, 7s. 6d. ; pagoda of Pondicherry 

 6. 5d. ; Hyderee hr on, or pagoda, la. &d. ; Sultannee hoon, or pagoda, 

 Ss. 5d. ; Tippoo's farufei, 7s. 11 \d. 



Paolo, a email silver coin at Florence, Rome, and other place in Itoly 

 with its double, half, and quarter. The value of the paolo is 5%d. 



Papetto, a small silver coin of Rome, value lOJrf. 



Patara, a Brazilian silver coin, worth 4s. 2Jrf. It is often called 

 the Brazilian dollar. 



Para, a Turkish and Egyptian money of account. The five para 

 piece is the only copper coin in Egypt. 40 paras = 1 piastre. 



Penny. The early English coins of this name were of silver, and of 

 varying worth. It has been long the largest current copper coin, the 

 twelfth part of a shilling ; the fractional halfpenny and farthing are 

 also common ; but there has been no copper coin of larger value since 

 the twopenny-piece of George III. 



Peseta, a Spanish silver coin, now disused ; the old Mexican peseta 

 of two Mexican reals, 1736. was of the value in sterling of Is. Id. ; the 

 peseta is now about equal to the French franc, or 9irf. 



Peso, an imaginary Spanish money frequently used in expressing 

 values, and reckoned at about 2s. 8rf. The peso is used in regulating 

 the exchange with foreign countries. 



Peso (turn, a money of account at Gibraltar, worth 4s. 2d. 



Pezza, a gold coin of Sicily, now seldom seen, of which the value 

 was 21s. 3d. It is now a Maltese silver coin, worth 4s. Zd. 



Pfennig, a Hamburg coin, of which 12 = one schilling, and 16 schil- 

 lings = 1 mark, which in the currency (which varies from banco, the 

 money of account) is worth Is. 2^rf. ; the mark banco is reckoned at 

 174rf. In Hanover 24 pfennigen = l gute groschen. In Prussia the 

 pfennig is worth one-tenth of an English penny. 



Piatira, a silver coin of Naples, now disused, worth 4s. English. 

 There was also a tnezza-piastra, of half the value. 



Piastre, a money of account and a silver coin in Turkey and Egypt. 

 The piastre of Mustnpha III., 1757, was of the sterling value of Is lOJrf. 

 The piastre of Egypt, of 40 paras, is now worth only 2Jrf., and that of 

 Turkey, 2Jd. 



Pice, a money of account and a copper coin in the East Indies; 14 

 pice are equal to one ana, a pice is therefore worth half a farthing. 



Piece of Eight, the old Spanish dollar ; also a money of account in 

 what used to be the Danish West India Islands. 



Pistole, German, is the common name of coins bearing the name of the 

 state in which they circulate, or the sovereign who coined them. They 

 vary slightly, and an allowance is made for deficiency in weight and 

 fineness ; 35!J pistoles should weigh a Cologne mark of gold, 21SJ carats 

 fine; they are then called paatr pistoles, and are worth from 16s. id. 

 iol6i.6d. 



Plata, the denomination given to certain large copper coins, formerly 

 used in Sweden. Kelly says, " The large copper pieces of the value 

 of 4, 8. 2, 1, f, and J silver daler, or 12, 9, 6, 3, 2|, and 11 copper 

 daler, weighing 1\, 5J, 3jj, 2, 1J, 1J, and J Ib. of the victualie or com- 

 mon weight, are no longer considered as a legal coin, but as a sort of 

 merchandise, which every one is at liberty to sell or export after paying 

 the duty on exportation. These in general, but more particularly the 

 2-daler pieces, are called plates." 



Pl'itt, a silver coin formerly used in Sweden, J of the rix-dollar, of 

 the value of It. 6d. sterling. 



Pol, a Russian gold coin ; it is the name of the half-imperial, and is 

 worth 17s 2d. 



PH t -a, l'"!/in'i, Popoltin , Russian silver coins, of 50 and 25 kopeks, = 

 to the half and quarter ruble. The poltin of the empress Anne was of 

 the value of Is. 9d. ; that of Elizabeth, Is. lOd. ; of Catherine II., 

 Is. 7\d. of Paul, Is. 7jrf. ; of Alexander, Is. 7rf. The halves in pro- 

 portion. None of these are now used. 



Polturat, a coin of Hungary, not now in use. The currency in all 

 the Austrian possessions is now assimilated. 



Quarter, a money of account and coin in Bombay, of which 4 make 

 a rupee. 



Quarto, a money of account at Gibraltar ; 16 quartos are equal to 

 1 real, 12 reals are equal to 1 peso duro or dollar. The quarto is 

 therefore rather more than the third of a penny. 



Qnattrino, a copper coin in Italy, of 2 denarii, now disused. At Rome 

 5 ouattrini made 1 paolo. 



Real. There were formerly three small Spanish silver coins called 

 reals, namely, the real of Mexican plate, the real of provincial plate, 

 and the real vellon. The real now is a silver coin, worth about 2Jrf. ; 

 there is also a double real. Twenty reals = 1 duro. 



Bean, a money of account in Bombay, of which 400 go to a rupee. 



Ret, a Portuguese and Brazilian money of account. The five-ree piece, 

 a copper coin, is worth a little more than a farthing. The milris (or 

 piece of 1 000 reis) is worth 4s. 6d. 



iiank Daler, a money of account in Denmark, worth 2s. 2</. 

 The specie daler is worth double that sum. 96 skillings = 1 

 rigsbank daler. In Sweden the rigsbank daler is only worth 1. Sd., 

 but the specie daler is worth 4s. 4d. 



RixdoUar, a silver money of Hamburg and Lubeck, equal to 3 marks. 

 It ia also a coin of Bremen, worth 3s. 4rf. It is also used at the Cape 

 of Good Hope, where (in paper) it passes for Is. 6V. 



ARTS AND SCt. DIV. VOT,. V. 



Ruble, or Koulle, a money of account, and a silver coin in Russia ; it 

 is equal to 100 copper kopeks, and is worth 3s. IJrf. English. There are 

 pieces of J and \ a ruble also. 



Rundityleeii, a money of account and coin in Sweden, worth the 

 12th part of a halfpenny; 12 rundstyken = l skilling. 



Rupee, a money of account and silver coin in the East Indies. The 

 coins, which were formerly struck at the Calcutta mint, were sicca 

 rupees, also called silver rupees, and gold mohurs, sometimes called 

 gold rupees ; 16 of the former, by regulation, were to pass for one of 

 the latter. The silver rupee has its half. The present rupee, called 

 the Company's rupee, contains 16 anas, and is reckoned at 2s sterling. 



Schilling, a coin of Hamburg, of which 16 = 1 mark ; it is therefore 

 the 16th part of Is. 2'rf. In Mecklenburg Schwerin it is the 24th 

 part of a neue thaler, which is worth 2s. Sd. 



Schicaren, a coin of Bremen ; 5 schwaren = 1 grote ; 72 grotes = 

 1 rix-dollar ; the schwaren is therefore worth the 9th part of a penny. 



Scudo, a money of account, and a silver coin in many parts of Italy, 

 at Sicily, and Malta. The scudo of Rome is worth 4s. 2^d. ; that of 

 Tuscany about 4s. 5rf.; that of Sicily and Malta about 4s. Irf. The ten- 

 scudo piece is a gold coin. 



Sequin, or Ze chin, Italian, called also Gv;liato, a former gold coin of 

 Venice, Genoa, Rome, Milan. Piedmont, and Tuscany, of the average 

 value of 9s. 4|rf. It is also used in Algeria, where it is worth 6s. lOJrf. 



Sequin, or Checqneen, Turkish; the gold coins of Turkey are the 

 sequin funducli, with halves and quarters; the double sequin, or 

 yermeebeshlik, and the roubieh. There are other sequins beside the 

 above, which bear different names, and their values also vary according 

 to the periods of their coinage. The sequin of Egypt is valued at 5s. 4Jrf. 



Shi/liny, an English silver coin, the twentieth part of a pound, and 

 weighing 3 dwts. 15j^ grs. It represents the old Saxon scilling; it was 

 also called a testoon, from the head on it when coined by Henry VII. 



Shoe <if gold, an ingot, used as money in China. The name is 

 English. Kelly, speaking of China, says, " Gold is not considered as 

 money, but as merchandise ; it is sold in regular ingots of a deter- 

 mined weight, which the English call shoes of gold ; the largest of 

 these weigh 10 taels each, and the gold is reckoned 94 touch, though it 

 may be only 92 or 93." 



Sixpence, an English silver coin, the half of a shilling, weighing 

 1 dwt. 19ft grs. 



Sl-illiny, a copper coin of Denmark, worth about a farthing. The 

 Norway skilling is worth nearly a halfpenny. 



Soldo, a small copper coin of Italy. There are half soldi, and quat- 

 trini, the fifth part of a soldo. 



Sou, or Sol, a money of account and copper coin in France and 

 Switzerland. It is equal to 5 centimes, and is worth about a halfpenny. 



Souverain, a former gold coin of Austria. Its value was 13s. 11 jrf. 

 There were also half and double souverains. 



Sorereign, the name of an English gold coin in use as early as 

 1526 ; but name and coin were discontinued till revived in the latter 

 end of the reign of George III. and applied to the coin now forming 

 the unit of our gold currency. The sovereign weighs 5 dwts. 3^ grs., 

 and is worth 20s. of the Mint standard gold of 22 carats fine. The 

 half-sovereign and douUc-ioverei^n have precisely proportionate values. 



Stiver, a money of account and copper coin in Holland and the 

 Netherlands, containing 2 greets Flemish, or 8 duyts, or doits, and 

 valued at one penny English. It is also used as a money of account in 

 Denmark: 96 stivers =1 rigsbank daler. 



Tciel, a money of account in China, reckoned at 6s. 7d. 



Taro, a silver coin of Sicily and Malta, of the value of 4d. 



Testone, or Testoon, a silver coin in Italy, and also in Portugal. In 

 Italy the testone of Bologna is rated at 30 soldi ; at Parma the testone 

 is of 6 lire 6 soldi ; at Rome of 6 paoli. Kelly gives the sterling value 

 at a little more than Is 3rf. The value of the Portugal testoon is Sjrf. 



Thaler, is the German dollar, of which almost every state has its 

 own. The specie dollar varies but little in value, which is about 

 4s. OJi/. The current thaler and the reichsthaler are moneys of 

 account, worth about one-third less. The Prussian, HaMmerian, and 

 Brunmmck thaler is worth 2s. lid. ; the Convention thaler about 

 3s. llrf. ; the Kron thaler about 4s. 6d. : all circulate in the north of 

 Germany. 



Tornese, a copper coin of Naples, of the value of half a grano, or ^ths 

 of an English penny. 



Vintem, a Portuguese and Brazilian copper coin, worth 20 rees ; 

 there are also 3, 6, and 12 vintem coins in silver. 



Zwanziyer, or Xopfstiick, of Wiirtemberg, is a silver coin worth Scl. 

 English ; the name is properly Austrian, where it passes for 20 kreut- 

 zers, while in Wiirtemberg and Bavaria it passes for 24. 



There are, no doubt, mimerous others both as coins and as moneys 

 of account, but the most of them will be found local, and comparatively 

 unimportant. The progress in every civilised country has been to 

 simplify its currency ; and in various instances to assimilate it to that 

 of a neighbouring country, or of one with which they have much 

 commercial intercourse. For further information see The Modern 

 Cam/list by W. Tate. In most of the continental countries of Europe, 

 except France, Holland, and Belgium, the greater part of the currency 

 lonsists of paper. 

 MONK. [MosACHisM.] 

 MONOCEROS (the Unicorn),a constellation of Hevelins, surrounded 



