NAVY. 



NAVY. 



the colour of their squadron t the main, fora, or mizen top-gallant- 

 rnast. according to their rank. 



The flag-officer holding the chief command of a fleet or squadron 

 employed within certain geographical limiu, termed a station, if called 

 oonunander-in-chief. He is responsible for the efficiency and conduct 

 of the fleet under hi* orders ; he diipoeei of the vessels composing it 

 in such manner ai will be moat advantageous for the aemee ; but 

 without come especial necessity he is never to send one beyond the 

 limiu of his station. All vacancies in ships under his orders which 

 are caused by death or dismissal from the service by the sentence of a 

 court-martial, are in his gift. 



A temporary rank U given to captains called commodore : they are 

 of two clissffs, the first class having the pay and allowance of a rear- 

 admiral, with a captain under him. They bear a broad pendant, but 

 must strike it in the presence of a senior captain. Captains and com- 

 manders are appointed to command her Majesty's ships, except when 

 the latter are appointed to flag-ships and ships of the lino, in which 

 COM they must have served three yean in command of a sloop ?r as 

 first lieutenant of a rated ship. 



When a captain or commander is ordered to commission a ship, he 

 does so by hoisting a long pendant, having a St. George's cross on a 

 white field next the mast, and a fly of the colour of the admiral's flag 

 under whose orders he U placed. No vessels, except such as belong to 

 bar Majesty, or are hired for her service, and commanded by a naval 

 officer, are entitled to wear this pendant. The ship being commis- 

 sioned, a hulk or receiving ship is allotted for the use of the crew 

 while fitting for sea ; a party of marines, commanded in rated ships by 

 a commissioned officer, is sent on board ; seamen are entered as they 

 volunteer, on being reported fit for the service after examination by 

 the surgeon ; stores are demanded u required, and the sea stores, pro- 

 visions, and water stowed away. When ready for sea, the ordnance 

 and powder are received on board ; the crew are paid two months' 

 wages in advance ; and the ship only waits the sailing orders from the 

 Admiralty to proceed to her destination. The duty of the captain as 

 regards the books and accounts is regulated by Act of Parliament ; but 

 the interior arrangements and discipline depend mainly on himH-lf. in 

 which he has for his guidance the Act 22 Ueo. II., called the Articles 

 of War, and the general printed instructions issued by the Admiralty. 

 All muster and pay books, Ac., are signed by the captain, commander, 

 or senior lieutenant, master, and purser, or other officer in whose 

 charge the stores in question may be placed. 



The senior lieutenant is nominated by the captain, and has under 

 his direction the whole management and superintendence of the 

 internal arrangement* of the ship ; indeed on the qualifications of this 

 officer must in a great measure depend the state of discipline and 

 efficiency. The other lieutenants take the watch by turns, during 

 which time they have charge and command of the ship; they are 

 never to quit the deck without being relieved. The watches are 

 periods of four hours, except that from four to eight P.M., which is 

 divided into two, called the dog-watches. No mate is eligible for tin- 

 rank of lieutenant until he lias served six complete years in the navy, 

 has completed his nineteenth year, and passed in seamanship and 

 navigation. 



The master has charge and stowage of the holds ; a general charge 

 of stores and store-rooms, over the gunner, boatswain, and carpenter ; 

 and navigates the ship under the directions of the captain. Secretaries 

 are appointed by the flag-officer whom they serve. 



Cbaphina must be in priest's orders of the Church of England. 



The paymaster has charge of the provisions, and the issuing of them, 

 also of the slop clothing, soap, and tobacco ; he enters into a penal 

 bond with sureties for the honest discharge of his duties. 



Mates are midshipmen who have passed the examination qualifying 

 them for the rank of lieutenant. 



men, hoatawains, and carpenters must have served a compl. 11- 

 year as petty officers before they can be promoted. The gunner li.i- 

 charge of all ordnance stores ; the boatswain, of all the sails, iv 

 rigging ; the carpenter, of all stores in his department, and is also to 

 see the ports secure and water-tight, and to sound the well daily, and 

 have the pumps in order for service. [Ouxjmi, NAVAL ; BOATSWAIN ; 

 WABRA.IT OrncKas, Ac.] 



In the event of the command of a ship devolving on petty officers, 

 they are to take rank and command as they stand iu the table of pay, 

 except the following, who are not to take command : 



' : -, 



Clnb, 



Mart<Ts-at.nn, 

 Shlpt'-corponb. 



Midshipmen cannot enter under twelve years of age nor above 

 fifteen ; they are appointed by the Admiralty. They have no specific 

 duties. 



By an Admiralty order, 23rd Feb., 1857, young gentlemen can enter 

 the Koyal Navy, as naval cadets, between the ages of thirteen and 

 fifteen, being required to pass a previous examination at the U"\-al 

 College, Portsmouth. After eighteen months' study they are eligible 

 for promotion as midshi|>men on passing another examination. A 

 midshipmen of eighteen months' standing has again to pass examination 

 at the College, and if successful, be is eligible, after two years further 

 service as midshipman, to the rank of mate. 



All commissioned officers below a captain, midshipmen, also naval 



cadets, and schoolmasters, must pass the requisite examinations to 



alify them for their respective posts. 



Petty officers are rated as far as possible from the leading seamen. 

 They are ranged into classes thus 



Chief petty officers, who wear u a badge ) The crown and anchor encircled 



on the ana ) with laurrl. 



Fint-claas working petty officers ditto Crown and crossed anchors. 



Second ditto ditto Crown and anchor. 



Leading seamen wear . . . Anchor. 



N.B. Seamen are also allowed increased pay for continued good 

 conduct, and wear chevrons of gold lace on the arm, according to their 

 merit. 



The enlistment of boys has recently undergone a change highly 

 beneficial to the sen-ice. Second-class boys are entered for con- 

 tinuous service for ten years, but only with consent of parents and 

 guardians. 



The following abstract shows the daily allowance of provisions to 

 every person in the fleet : 



Fresh meat, 1 Ib. 



Y.v-t.,;,;.-, 1 ft. 



Soft bread, 1J Ib. 

 Itam J fill. 



When the above are not issued, the following : 



Salt beef, f Ib. 



and 

 Flour, } Ib. 



Biscuit, i; Ib. 

 Cocoa, 1 oz. 

 Tea, j ox. 

 Sugar, 1J ox. 



(Salt pork, } Ib. 

 and 

 Peatc, J pint. 



Vinegar, pint ) kl 

 Oatmeal, { pint / w< 



A portion of the flour may be exchanged for a proportion of suet 

 and raisins ; and after 14 days at sea on salt provisions, k-iuou juice is 

 allowed in addition. 



The pay of officers and seamen has recently undergone some modi- 

 fications, but as it is stated that further alterations, to the adv.-r 

 of every class, are still in contemplation, we refer for the present scale 

 to the ' Navy List,' published periodically, where the actual scale i.s 

 givi-n in full detail. In a supplement to the'Loiulon (Jazette* of 

 Friday, August 3, were issued the following regulations in reference to 

 retiring pensions : 



All captains who have attained, or shall hereafter attain the age of 

 sixty, without having served in their present rank, to be placed on a 

 retired list, and receive retired pay as follows : 



If on 10*. C(/. half-pay list when retired, ISi. per diem. 



If on 12. 6d. 1 



If on HJ. fid. f JVI - " 



Captains who may arrive at the head of the list, without I 

 served in that rank, to be placed on the list of reserved flag o!' 

 with the pay of 23*. per diem. 



Captains now on the 1 !.->. tii/. half -pay list not to be affected by 

 these arrangements unless by their own desire. 



All commanders on the active list who have attained the age of sixty, 

 or who may hereafter attain that age, to be placed on a retired list 

 with the rank and title of retired captain, and to receive li 

 according to their length of sea service on the scale lu-n 

 mentioned. 



Total fea m-vico in the rank of 



Commander and Lieutenant. Pay per diem. 



( Half-pay they may be 



Vnder 3 yonrs 7 receiving at the lima 



( when retirnl. 



Above 9 yean' and lew than 1 2 years' service . . 1 0. Crf. 

 Above 1 1 years' and less than 1 i yean' servic* . . 12. (../. 

 A bore 16 yean' and less than 20 years' service . . M. (i</. 

 Above 10 yean' service IKa. Brl. 



Lieutenants on the active list, who have attained, or who may 

 hereafter attain, the age of sixty, to be placed on a retired list with 

 the rank of retired commander, and to receive pay according to their 

 sea service. 



Total sea service in tho rank of 



Lieutenant. Pay per diem. 



( Half-pay they may be 



Under 6 yean j recemng at the time 



( when retired. 



Above 6 years' and leas than 9 years' service . . . ~t. o<l. 

 Above 9 yean' and less than 1 2 yean' service . . 8<. (../. 

 A bore li yean' and leu than li years' service . . 10. <,/. 

 Aborc 15 years' lit. Cd. 



Time served in command of revenue vessels to count as sea time. 



Time served in the coast-guard on shore, or in the transport service 

 on shore, to count as sea time in the scale of retired pay, iu the pro- 

 portion of three years in the coast-guard, or transport service, a.- 

 sca service. 



Time served as mail or transport agents afloat, or abroad, to count 

 for the same purpose as sea time for the first three years, and after 



