til 



NOTARY. 



V'TK. 



CLASS IV. DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES. 



Special diseases, the incidental result of the formative, reproductive, 

 and nutritive processes. 



ORDER I. 



DISEASES or 



ClllLDUES. 



Stillborn 



Premature birth 



AtelecUsis 



Malformation 



Cyanosis 



Spina binda 



Imperforate Orifices 



Idiotcy 



Congenital deaf -dumbness 



Teething 



ORDER II. 

 DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES UP 



WOMEN. 

 Chlorosis 

 Childbirth 

 Paramenia 

 Climacteria 



ORDER III. 



DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES OF 



OLD Piioi'LE. 

 Old age , 



ORDER IV. 



DISEASES OF NUTRITION. 

 Atrophy 

 Asthenia 



NOTARY. This word is derived from the Roman name nolariiu, a 

 person who was so called from his taking down in notes or writing 

 (note) tho words of a speaker. The notarii were in fact short-hand 

 writers, for it is clear from many passages of ancient writers that they 

 used symbols of abbreviation. 



" Hie et scriptor erit felix cui litera vcrbum est, 

 Quique noli* liuguam tupcrtt cureuniquc loqucntis, 

 Excipient longu nova per compendia voces." 



Manillas, ' Astronom.' 



11 Currant vcrba licet, manna cot velocior illi, 

 Nomlum lingua KUUQX, dextra pcrcgtt opus." 



Martial, Epig.,' xii. 208. 



It seems that they were also employed to take down a man's will in 

 writing. The notarii were often slaves. The word is also sometimes used 

 to designate a secretary to the princeps or emperor. (Ausonius, E/iiy., 

 136; Gregor. Nazianz.,in the letter inscribed TWI Norapion; Augustine, 

 lib. ii., ' De Doctrina Christiana;' Itig. 29, tit. 1, sec. 40 ; Lampridius, 

 Alt i. Ser., 28 ; see also the references in Facciolati, Xotariat.) 



In the fourth century, the notarii were called Exceptores, and W<T<> 

 employed by the governors of the Roman provinces to draw up public 

 documents. But the persons mentioned under the later Roman law, 

 who corresponded most nearly to the modern 'notary, are called tabel- 

 liones. Their business was generally to draw up contracts, wills, and 

 other instruments. The forty-fourth Novel treats specially of them 

 (*ipl TU* irvfi/DoAui yypa^uy) ; and they are spoken of in various other 

 parts of the Novels, and in the Code. (Cod. xi. tit. 53, &c.) It appears 

 clear that as the word notarius is the origin of the modern term 

 notary, so the tabcllio is the person from whom were derived the func- 

 tions of the modern notary public. 



It is impossible to say when persons under the name and cx< 

 the functions of notaries were first known in England. Spelmau 

 cites some charters of Edward the Confessor as being executed for the 

 king's chancellor by notaries. ('J/OM. tit. Itotariut.) '' Notaries," are 

 mentioned with " procurators, attoruies, executors, and maintaiuours," 

 in the stat of 27 Edward III. c. 1. Tl y were officers or ministers of 

 the ecclesiastical courts, and may therefore have been introduced into 

 this country at a very early period. It is generally supposed that the 

 power of admitting notaries to practice was vested in the archbishop of 

 Canterbury by the 25 Hen. VIII. c. 21, s. 4. The term of service and 

 the manner of admission to practice are now regulated by the 41st 

 Ueo. III. c. 79, which prescribes that no person in England shall act 

 as a public notary or do any notarial act unless he is duly swoni, 

 admitted, and enrolled in the court wlu-rein notaries have bc'-n 

 accustomarily sworn, admitted, and enrolled. Ho must also have been 

 bound by contract in writing to serve for seven years to a notary, 

 or to a scrivener using his art and mystery according to the privi- 

 lege and custom of the city of London. Persons who act as 

 notaries for reward, without being properly admitted and enrolled, 

 are liable for every offence to forfeit the sum of oil/.; but British 

 consuls abroad are empowered to perform notarial acU t 

 c. 87, 20). The licence or commission for acting as a notary in 

 England requires a stamp duty of 301., and in Scotland one of 2 / I'll 

 annual certificate is the same as for attoruies. By 3 and 4 Will. IV. 

 '. e provisions of 41 HIIL 1 1 1 .. so far a relates to the appmiticr 

 ahip for seven years, are confined to London and Westminster, South - 

 walk, and a circuit of ton miles from the Royal Exchange in London ; 

 and the maxtur of the Court of Faculties of the archbishop of Canter- 

 bury is empowered to appoint and admit any attorney, solicitor, or 

 proctor, not raiding within the above-mentioned limit*, to be a notary 

 public, to practise within any district in which he shall see good reason 

 for making such appointment 



The original businoH of notaries wag to make all kinds of legal 

 instruments; they are often spoken of in former times as the persons 



who male wills (Shepherd's TuurJutoiu, vol. ii. 407, Preston's ed.) ; but 

 the attorney and conveyancer have now got possession of this part of 

 their business. In practice their business is now limited to the 

 attestation uf deeds and writings for the purpose of making tlu-m 

 autli. ntic in other countries, but principally such as relate to im-r- 

 vantilu transactions. It is also their business to make protests of l>i!l 

 of exchange. They also receive and take the affidavits of mariners and 

 masters of ships. 



NOTATION. [SYMBOLS.] 



NOTATION, CHKMICAL. [CHEMICAL FORMULA.] 



NUTATION, in music, signifies the method whereby the pi' 

 tune, and duration of musical Bounds are represented, anil by which 

 definite periods of silence, called roll, are marked. It is to music 

 what letters and punctuation are to language. 



To show the pitch, the Greeks used the letters of their alphabet, 

 placed in various positions. [Music.] The Romans had recourse to 

 the majuscules of their own alphabet for the same purpose, till the 

 latter part of the 6th century, when St. Gregory, or Pope Gregory 1., 

 employed the first seven capital Roman letters for the first septenary, 

 beginning with the A answering to tho lowest space in our base clef. 

 For the next ascending septenary he used the corresponding small 

 letters ; and the third he denoted by the same small letters doubled. 

 Example, explained in modern notation : 



ABCDEFGa be 



d e f g aa bb cc dd oe Q" gg 



Guido, early hi the llth century, introduced, it is commonly sup- 

 posed, the use of points instead of letters, which he placed n : 

 lines, giving names to the latter by means of letters, which have since 

 been gradually transformed into those signs called clefs. [( . 

 in Bioo. Div. ; GAMUT ; CLEF.] The dots, however, of Guido only 

 marked the degrees of high and low ; to Franco of Cologne we are 

 indebted for characters which at once denoted both the tune and time 

 of the sounds. [Music.] Of these he invented four, and their rests ; 

 namely, the 



LA HOE. 



Loxn, 



BBKVI, ud 



ti, or marks of silence. 



These were valued or measured by the semibreve. The bre\ 

 equal to two semibreve*, the long to four, and the large to eight. 

 [Loxo, &c.] The invention of the minim, crotchet, quaver, and semi- 

 quaver, is ascribed to John de Muris, a doctor of the Sorbonne, who 

 made this important addition to notation, and also origin 

 characters determining the measure, in the year 133$. Tli 

 quaver first appeared in the 17th century, and about the in 

 last was divided into halves. Latterly it lias, been subdivided into 

 quarters, and even iuto eighths, most unnecessarily, and greatly to tho 

 perplexity of the performer, and, consequently, to the detriment of the 

 art, by wantonly, and with mischievous affectation, throwing iliUi- 

 cultics in the way of its attainment. 



We have not IK-CU able to ascertain at what tune the sharp and flat, 

 were brought into use. The sharp was at first square in i 

 ing to Uutler (' Principles,' &c., 1036). The flat was always a small '. 

 The natural is, comparatively, of modern date. Till toward! tl,. 

 of the 17th century, the secondary use of tho sharp was to contradict 

 the flat, and of the flat to contradict the sharp. The natural, intro- 

 duced at nearly the same time, relieved the two other characters from 

 part of their duty. In th*' printed score of Lully's oj.rra, 'Pi 

 dated 1084, tlir natural dors not appear; nor ( -vi-ii in hi* 'Anniil.-.' 

 published in 1710. In Put-cell's Diocletian ' (1691) sharp* and flatl 

 contradict each other ; but the natural is occasionally used. [SiiARr ; 

 KLAT; NATUIIAI..J The grouping of <]uavcr, &c., liy m.-an.- of liga- 



r tin*, joining the stems, is also one of the improvement - 

 in the latter half of the 17th century. It does not settm to have been 

 d in 1053, when Lawes printed his ' Ayres,' &O, In Lully's 

 pine ' (10SCI) wo find quavers tied at the bottom of their stems, 

 in groups of four, but semiquavers are all detached. The ue >.i 

 became general about the middle of the 17th ci-ntury, though this 

 mod oi division was partially adopted much earlier. [BAH ; ABBRE- 

 VIATIONS; DOT; NOTK ; Tun: J 



NOTE, in music, a character which, by ite place on the staff, repre- 

 sents a sound, and by its form determines tho time or continu 

 such sound. There are six notes in ordinary u.-e the semibreve, 

 minim, crotchet, quaver, semiquaver, and deiniscmiquaver. To these 

 may be added the breve, yet met with in sacred music ; and the half - 

 deiuUeiniquaver, much used, and often unnecessarily, by the moderns. 

 [BREVE; SEUimtF.vi:, &c.] The value or length in time of the semi- 



