NUMISMATK S. 



NUMISMATICS. 



loll 



of 



re the earlier coins of Massilia or Marseilles, 

 i the typ of a female head and lion of elegant workman- 

 to the Greek aeries, connoting of the drachm and 

 i Gaulish series contains staters, of drachms of 

 nd potin of 6 copper, '2 lead, 1 tin, or copper of small 

 imitate Irpta, and the first are cast. Besides these are bronze 

 two colonies. Kemausus or Nimes, founded with veterans 

 i the Egyptian campaigns, and having on the obverse the heads of 

 /Agripp* and Augustus, and on the reverse a crocodile bound to a palm 

 tree, and Lugdunum or Lyons, with the head of victory and a lion. 

 The earliest British coins, like those of the Hauls, are imitations of 

 I'liilippi. and are followed by those of chiefs and kings of A.D. 100, the 

 most remarkable of whom are Cynobelin, Taaciovanua, Dubnovellaunus. 

 They are in all metals, of small size, on the Greek standard, and exhibit 

 great local differences : two cities are named on these coins, Verula- 

 niiiiiii and Camalodunum. 



wing the western arrangement, the next coins ore those of, 

 Italy and Sicily. I. The Greek aeries in remarkable for its number, 

 the beauty of its art, and the interest of its types. The art is of a 

 softer and more florid character than that of Greece Proper, and there 

 are no coins so old as those with incuse squares of the oldei 



i nit instead a remarkable kind having the type in relief on one 

 fide, and incuse on the other, like bracteats or embossings on paper. 

 All these Greek coins are struck in Southern Italy or Magna Oitccia. 

 The oldest coins are of Sybaris, destroyed B.C. 610 ; drachms and demi- 

 drachms with a bull; of Poscidonia, subsequently I'iotum, B.C. 458- 

 .ih Poseidon ; Croton, founded by Achicans, B.C. 710, with the 

 tripod of Apollo taken by Hercules from Delphi. Hercules and 

 A I" 'll-i destroying Python; of Hetapontum, B.C. 700, with the golden 

 f-iiiiiuier or ear of corn surmounted by a grasshopper, Apollo 

 and Artemis; and of Caulunia with Apollo; of Laos, with an 

 ox ; and of Tertnesa with armour. Of the best period of art are 

 th<> IK lutiful coins of Thurium, with the helmeted head of Athene, 

 with Soy Ha and the butting bull, those of Locri with the shade 

 Ajax Oileus, Rome and Faith ; of Hhegium with the horse and mules 

 of Anaxilaus, of Velia with the helmed head of Athene, and a 

 lion ; of the Brettii, with Neptune and Venus of fine art. Still more 

 remarkable are those of Tarentum, with Taras and Phalanthus, and 

 the young Taras running to his father Neptune ; Heraclea its colony, 

 B.C. 443, has the head of the Lacinian Juno and Hercules, Cunuc, 

 Glaucus, Scylla, Cerberus alluding to the Sibyl, and crabs ; Neapolis 

 nnil Nola, the head of Parthenope and Dionysus Hebon; Hyria has 

 Minerva and Juno ; Tcrina the goddess Pandeina or Iris drawing 

 the water of the Styx ; Arpi, Ceres and a horse. Many of the coins 

 show the state of political events, elephants indicating Pyrrhus and 

 Hannibal at Tarentum and Cuime, and the head of Janus, the progress 

 of the Human power. 



II. Coin- in.-i.rilx*! in the languages of the people of Italy. The 

 principal of these are the Oscan coins of Capua, Atella, Teate, and 

 those issued by tin: confederated chiefs in the time of the Social and 

 Marsic wars, imitating the Roman denarii in weight . .ind type, but nf 

 much ruder character and workmanship ; one of these has the word 

 .SUB/I i or Sabiuoruiu in the Oscan dial 



III. Coin* with Etruscan ino-rip; ting of one or two gold 

 of uncertain authenticity, a few silver, anil a large series of 

 Grave and its divisions issued by Cortona, Volatei i : -uvium 

 Vestini, Hadria, Kirmuin and Ariininuiu, the last with the head of 

 the victorious Gauls. 



The other ases have various types for each state and series, but the 

 wheel is a normal type, besides which are other unascertained series of 

 Etruscan states. 



The coins of Sicily are as fine as those of the Peninsula, but none 

 belong to the first period of art with hollow square. The island is 

 remarkably rich in silver coins. The tctradrachms of Agrigentmn 

 have the river, the sea eagle, and the crab ; the tetradrachms and 

 didrachms of Camarina, Hercules, Athene, and the Hipparis ; the tetra- 

 drachms of Catana have chariots ; those of Gelas the river as a hum-in 

 headed bull, or as a horned youth ; the didrachms of Himcra, the cock 

 Wired to ..Esculapiuii, and the river. The tetradrachms of Lcontini have 

 the lion's head, the celebrated corn of its plains and chariot* ; the 

 drachms of Messana, the curved port, and the types of it* Satnian col. .mot*. 

 a lion and bull, the horses, mulra, and chariots of Anaxilaus, as the 

 Mamertini Mars ; Naxns lias beautiful tetrad radii us with a couchant 

 Satyr; the tetradrachms of Segestatho Crimisus, and the nymph Segesta; 

 the tetradracbms of Selinus, Apollo and Artemis Kpimrioi and 'I,- 

 Hypsas sacrificing. Syracuse has many types, but the y principally are 

 chariots, referring to the reputation of Sicilian horsed, to obtain which 

 Alcibiides U said to have projects! the unfortunate expedition of the 

 Athenians. The earliest dated coin, the dekadrnchm or Demarateion, 

 B.C 47U, has the head of the Arcthum surrounded by dolphins. 

 and the lion of < , Utcr tcti .idrachnm supposed in be struck 



|i!..ny.iu,. I., IK-. 8ii.s f have the same head in a less arch;' 

 a quadriga with a panoply of ai mour, and the v. The gold 



piecei are alo fine, and the cm r. n.-v of the prince* commencing with 

 Agathoclcs, and ending with (1,1." 11 , nntl comprising the queen 

 PhilistU, only known from her name on the seat* of the theatre, is 

 remarkable for the beauty of work and art eml*-lli*hing their portraits, 

 the Greek coins there arc tctradrachms with Carthaginian 



legends struck in Sicily, and others of finer work attributed to the 

 second Dionysius. 



The islands near Sicily have Phoenician deities and legends, and 

 principally copper coins. In the Crimea or Tauric Chersonasua, 

 the normal type is the head of Panticapxum. Istrus, the Medusa's 

 head reflected. In Thrace the didrachms of AlxU-ra have the gryphon ; 

 those of Aenos of remarkable beauty, the head of Hermes and the 

 wine press. Byzantium, which U said to have issued iron i; 

 has the bull, and the head of its founder, Byzas. Maronea, has a series 

 of fine tetradrachms with the horse of Poseidon and the vine of 

 IK, alluding to its wines. Thasos has triobols with the head of 

 Dionysos, and an amphora. The regal aeries is rich in didtad. 

 Southes I., with a horseman and remarkable inscriptions, and with thu 

 opper of Seuthee III. A beautiful suite of coins is those of 

 maohus, whose staters imitate Alexanders, and whose tetradrauhma 

 struck all in Asia and Europe, like the series of Alexander, as at 

 Ephesus, Methymna, Tumi, and Byzantium, have on one side the 

 head of Alexander with the ram's horn, as son of Atntuon. ai 

 the other Pallas Athene Nice pharos seated. At Chalcedon, in Ititlnnia, 

 the tetradrachms give the veiled head of his consort Arsinoe. There 

 is also a remarkable tetrodrachm of MostU struck by Sadalus in the 

 47th year of his reign, with a portrait. 



In the neighbouring state of Macedonia, the tetradrachms of the 

 province struck in the first division, at Thessalouica, have the h 

 Alexander, the club of Hercules, and the name of the questor Paulas; 

 the second and fourth divisions are found, but not the third ; the 

 didrachms of Acanthus have a lion devouring a bull, and are of the 

 second period. Aeueia lias the head of ^Eueas ; the beautiful 

 drachms of Amphipolis, the laureat head of Apollo, and the ton 1 

 lampadophoria ; those of Chalcidice, the head of Apollo and In 

 the archaic- ones of Lete, a satyr and nymph ; Neapolis, a Gurgoneion ; 

 of 1'hilippi the ancient Crauides, there are staters with the head of 

 Hercules, and the Delphic tripod. 



Of the princes of P;coiiia, commencing with And..;. 

 there are fine didrachms with a helmed head and horse; those of 

 Kupolemos, Lycceius, and Patraus, have a horseman overthrowing an 

 enemy. The regal series of Macedon are remarkable for the light tin y 

 throw on the history of the coinage. Tic ' etas, king of the 



Hedones, represent a man and two oxen : those of his contemporary, 

 Alexander 1., a man and horse ; a very archaic dekadraehm has a man 

 ! in a car drawn by a bull ; and in the area the helmet of Caranus. There 

 are drachms, didrachms, and ohols of Archelaus, bronze coins of 

 i .-Eropus, didrachms of Pausanias and Amyntas II. ; drachm 

 brass coins of Perdiccas III.; the goat refers to those which 

 accompanied Caranus to -<Eg(e. The staters of Philip II., coim-1 

 1mm the gold of Mount Pangscum, have the head of A)x>llo allud- 

 ing to Philip's protection of Delphi, and a two-horse chariot, alluding 

 to his victories in the Olympian games; the silver currency, pi in 



ins, have the head of /ens and a rider. < H 

 the Great there is a great series of two or three issues ; this monarch 

 recoiued the whole currency of his empire, and struck numerous 

 double staters with the head of Pallas and Victory, and tetradrachms 

 with the head of Hercules and Zeus Olympius, in copper in the prin- 

 cipal cities, suppressing the local mints; the places of mint 

 distinguished by the symbols of the coins of the i-ii 

 placed in the area with the initials or monogram of the name 

 city, ae the Rose for Rhodes, the head of Chncphis i,.r Ah xamb ia, the 

 bee for Ephesus, the lion and bull for Miletus. The names an 

 in com : monograms as MTP1 -Mynna, KOAO I'm- Colophon. 



Philip III., has staters and its sulxl.. chins on the 



type of Alexander the Great, and is distinguished from his predecessors 

 by the assumption of the title of King. (',-wsaniK-r. struck onl\ 

 with the head of Hercules and a lion. Phiiip I V. and Alexander IV. 

 only drachms and email coins ; Antigonus, staters with the 

 In td nf I'.dlaii and a trident, fine tctradrachms with the head of 

 is, and Apollo seated on a ship, referring Dry of 



Cyprus, B.C. 806; Demetrius I., staters on the tyjic of Alexander, 

 tetradrachins with his portrait, and Poseidon; others with Poseidon 

 Promachos, and Victory sounding a truni|>et on a galley, for the 

 victory at Cyprus. Antigonus Gonat.-is, has tetradrach 

 like the silver shield . i . tic head nt r.m. and 



Pallas hurling thunder, on his copper Pan erects a trophy. Passing to 

 Philip V., tin re arc fine ti tra.lr tclims on the type of And 

 with the head of Perseus and the club, or his portiait. ami 

 hurling thunder, besides didrachms, drachms, and i-.pp.-r. (If th 

 iiiiliapp\ l'i !-.!. .-.. n.i .. Ki8, there are fine tetnulrachin* with his he., I, 

 and the eagle and thunderbolt by the artist Xoilus. Of Philip VI., 

 there are only copper. 



:dy abounds in silver coins, the principal type is the hot. c. the 

 drachms have the he id i /ens erownc I with oak. and the I'rili'- 

 Iionin. "cs of the Aenianes, the head of !'..!' 



the hero I'li.-ni us linking, the triobols nt Lamia, thu ivy e: 

 of Hi.. a d iota, or a tripod in a H.,I ... the drachm. c n! 



Larissa have Jason mid the bull of Colchis, the horse in a square, the 

 sandal of Jason loft at the Anapux, the head of the hero Aleuas and 

 the eagl' and thuml. .drachm, the head of Lariasa or 



1 and a horse ; those of the Octaei Hercules and H lion or 

 the drachma: of Phalanua a youthful head and horse ; those of < 



