ORGAN, CONSTRUCTION OF. 



ORGAN, CONSTRUCTION OF. 



the leyi ; t K are the ptdali ; t U the seat The numerous thing* | the keys and Uio pull downs, and are longer or shorter as 

 which are nut indicated in thia figure must be sought for in trorti'Mjr required ; they are also parallel or fan-lit?, t<> unit their positi 

 drawing!, u we cannot and do not pretcud to give these matters a ' 

 |iractical form. 



longer or shorter us may be 

 ion. 



Fig. 1. 



Fi'j. 2 represenU what are called the horizontal bellow. A shows the 

 rcterroir ; B, Uie deep frame through which the wind is taken ; C, the 

 part moved in blowing, called the/<fcr ; D D, the regltlrari, by which 

 the equal rising of the reservoir is ensured : there are valves inside for 

 receiving and retaining the wind, all of which are differently constructed 

 by different builders. 



Fig. 5. 



Flf. 3 is a perspective view of a roller-board ; A A A. the board on 

 which the rollers are fixed ; D, three pall-doum, explained below ; c c C, 

 rollers centred at each end into small blocks, in which they move ; 

 there are al*i arm* to each end, in front, connecting the rollers with 

 the keys and the wind-chert ; D, the levers which are connected with 



Fig. 3. 



Fly. 4 contains a few examples of pipes. There are two general 

 descriptions of pipe, namely, the mouth, flute, or .rfitr pipe, and the reed 

 pipe, each containing several different species. Mouth pipes have a 

 mouth and lips like a flageolet ; they may be of wood or metal, and 

 the upper extremity may be open or closed by means of a plug, called 

 a turn /lion, the effect of which is to lower the pitch a whole octave. 

 The lower end is nlso closed with the exception of a narrow slit, which, 

 in the pipes c and D, meeting a portion of the front wall bevelled to a 

 sharp edge, forma what is called the upper lip, or iri'nrf culler. The 

 foot of the pipe fits into the apparatus or chest which supplies the 

 pipes with wind. The blast from the narrow slit impinging on the 

 upper lip is thrown into vibration, which it imparts to the whole 

 column of air in the pipe, the result of which is a musical note, 



Fig. 4 



depending for ita pitch on the length of the column thus set in motion. 

 The voicing of the pipe is performed by paring away the upper lip; 

 the upper part of the block is also toothed, so as to divide the plate of 

 wind, or it would otherwise begin the note with a chirping noise. 

 There are other precautions to be attended to, such as the width of the 

 mouth. In metal mouth pipes, A B, the plate of wind is formed by the 

 edge of the languette, by leaving a thin slit between the end of the 

 languette and the lip. A is a metal open pipe ; F, the Bounding part ; 

 (i, the part called the lini'/inilr, and 11, the foot ; B is the same pipe, 

 showing the mouth and the flattened part for volclnr/ ; c ia a front view 

 of a ttopped iliajiaton pipe ; n is a section showing the arrangement of 

 its construction ; I is the foot ; J is the block, and K is the cap. K is a 

 section of the voice part of a rtcd pipe; I., the foot; H, the wiit/i- 

 I'i'ce ; N, thewrf; and O, the tuniiv/-tpring. The pipe itself is made 

 nf a metal alloy of tin and lead ; the rmt is brass, and the tpriny is 

 soft steel wire, about a tenth of nn inch in diameter. I!y pushing down 

 "i- di.iwing up the tuning-wire, the free part of the tongue is mnda 

 shorter or longer. The tube above the cone or foot is variously shaped, 

 and on it depends the quality of tone in reed pipes, the , <' A 1'cing due 



