463 



PHEXYLIC GROUP. 



PHIQALIAN MARBLES. 



crystalline product* Fuming nitric acid attacks and forma con- 

 secutively : 



Nitrophenate of ethyl or nitrophenetol . ! 



Binitrophenate of ethyl or binitrophenetol . C ' = (nj2 ^' } 

 Trinitrophenate of ethyl or picric ether . t 



Binitrophenate of ethyl yields etjiyl-nitrnplienidine or nitropheneti- 

 dine (C, (H 10 NO,)NOj) by the action of sulphide of ammonium. 



3. Phenate of amyl or phenamylol is formed on heating a mixture 

 of phenate of potash and iodide of amyl in a sealed tube to a tempera- 

 ture of about 220 Fahr. It is a limpid, colourless oil, of agreeable 

 odour. Its boiling point is about 436 Fahr. Nitric acid strongly 

 attacks it, and the resulting compound yields amyl-nitrophenidine by 

 the action of sulphide of ammonium. 



Oxyphenic and. (C 17 H ? O 4 ) Sinoxide of phenyl ; jnjrocateeJiin ; 

 pyromormtannic acid. This body is a product of the dry dist llation 

 of CATECHU or of morintannic acid [TANNIC ACID.] The aqueous 

 portion of the distillate is evaporated and set aside ; the impure oxyphe- 

 nic acid that deposits may be purified by recrystallisation from water, 

 and finally by sublimation. 



Oxyphenic acid crystallises in colourless rectangular prisms ; it is 

 very soluble in water or alcohol, but only slightly so in ether. 



Trinitroxyphenic acid. (C^H, 3 N0,)0,) Oft/picric acid. Styphnic 

 acid. The composition of this body indicates it a derivative of oxy- 

 phenic acid, but the latter body does not yield it on being acted upon 

 by nitric acid. It is most readily obtained by acting upon asafcctida 

 or extract of Brazil-wood with nitric acid ; many other gum-resins also 

 yield it under similar circumstances. The liquid product of the action 

 of nitric acid upon these bodies is neutralised with carbonate of 

 potash and crystals of stypbnate of potash obtained by evaporation ; 

 these may be recrystallised from a small quantity of boiling water or 

 the styphnic acid precipitated by nitric acid. Brazil-wood extract 

 furnishes about 1 8 per cent, of styphnic acid. It may be obtained in 

 large yellow prismatic crystals from solution in alcohol. It combines 

 with acids to form crystalline salts, called ityphnatei or oxypicrates. 

 They all explode violently when gently heated. 



Sulphites of phenyl. Hydride of phenyl dissolves in fuming sulphuric 

 acid, and forms phenykulptiurotu or sulphobenzidic acid, C U H.S.O., O I 



H Of" 



It may be looked upon as the hydrated oxide of the radical tulpho- 

 pheayl (C,, H S S,0,). It forms extremely stable salts with acids called 

 phenylmdphitet, or tulphobtnzidnta. Nitric acid converts it into ntiro- 

 phenyttulphuroiu or nitrotvlphobcmidie acid, C^H.NOJS.O ,O j 



H {' 



Chloride of ndphophenyl (C,,H,S,O 4 , Cl) is a colourless oil, of sp. gr. 

 1-878, and boiling point 489'2 It is formed on distilling phenylsulphite 

 of soda with oxychloride of phosphorus. It is readily attacked by 

 ammonia, with production of lulpknphenylamide ; and the latter, by the 

 ordinary process of substitution, yield* the following primary , secondary, 

 and tertiary monamides, including a tertiary diamide : 



Sulphophenylamide . 

 SnlphophenylargenUmide , 



D!ulphophenytamide , 



StUphophenyUuccinylamide 



CI.IM.O, 



H 

 H 



I C 1 ,H t S,0 4 

 . . > i { Ag 

 ( H 



C,,H.8,0 4 



(C.H.OJ 



Bnlphophenylbenzoylamlde . . 

 Sulphophenylbenzoylargentamidti . 

 Sulphophenyldibenzoylamide . 

 Snlphophenylbenzoylacetylamide . 

 Snlphophenylcumylamide ... 

 Rulphophenylbenzoylcumylamido . 

 Sulphophenylbenzolsaccinyldiamidc . . N s 



| C, a H,S,0 4 

 .N{C J4 H.O, 



C 14 H 5 0, 

 Ag 



.N c;; H x 



. . N- C..H.O, 



CuHsS.,0, 



. N 



H 



(C, 4 H S 0,), 

 (C.H.OJ" 



Phcnylide of suJphaphenyl, or rutpMenzicle (Cj.jH.jSjO,, C^H,), is 

 also a product of the action of fuming sulphuric acid upon hydride of 



phenyl. Unlike phenylsulphurous acid, however, it remains insoluble 

 when the product referred to is diluted with water. 



Sulphate of phenyl ( C "H'O I S )- Sulpkoplitnic or phmylsul- 

 phuric acid. A combination of phenic and sulphuric acids. It form* 

 crystalline salts with ammonia and baryta. 



Chloride of phenyl, or chlurhydrophenide (C 10 H 5 , Cl). A product of 

 the action of oxychloride of phosphorus on phenic acid. It is an 

 almost inodorous liquid, heavier than water. 



Chloride of binitrophenyl, or binitrochlorhydrophenide (C 15 (H S 2N0 4 ), 

 Cl), is produced on acting upon binitrophenic acid with perchloride of 

 phosphorus. It much resembles chloride of phenyl. 



Aniline, phenylia, or phenylam 



/ I C^HA 



ine I N< H I, 

 \ ( H / 



and its numeroua 



interesting derivatives, will be found described in a separate article 

 [ANILINE], or under ORGANIC BASES. 



Cyanide of phenyl (C ,H,Cy). Benzmitrile. Obtained by the distil- 

 lation of dried benzoate of ammonia, as described under BENZOIO ACID. 

 It a colourless oil, having an odour resembling that of bitter almond 

 oil. It is soluble in alcohol or ether, but almost insoluble in water. 

 Its sp gr. is 1'0073; boiling point, 876 Fahr. Fuming nitric acid 

 converts it into cyanide of nitrophenyl (C,,(H,NOJ, Cy), or nitrobenzo- 

 nitrile. 



PHENYL-PHTHALIMIDE. [NAPHTHALIC GROUP.] 



PHENYL-SULPHURIC ACID (C.jH.S.O.). Sulphophenylie acid. 

 A monobasic acid bearing the tame relation to phenylic alcohol as 

 sulphovinie acid sustains towards common or vinic alcohol. 



PHENYL-SULPHUROUS ACID (0,^,8,0,). Sulphobenadic acid. 

 A crystalline organic acid, obtained by gently heating benzole with its 

 own volume of sulphurous acid. Its salts are monobasic and very 

 stable. 



PHIAL, LEYDEX. [ELECTRICITY.] 



PHIGALIAN MARBLES, a series of sculptures in alto-riliero, 

 preserved in the British Museum, which are so called from having been 

 discovered among the ruins of a temple at the ancient B;issso on Mount 

 Cotylion, not far from the site of Phigalia. The subjects represented 

 in them are the battle of the Centaurs and Lapithre, which occupies 

 eleven slabs, and that of the Greeks and Amazons, in twelve slabs. 



Fig. 1. 



The height of each U 2 feet 1 inch, and the whole length about 100 

 feet. These rilievi formed a frieze round the interior of the cclla, and 

 were elevated about 22 feet from the ground. 



PMiiiMiirT (viii. 41), describing tho erlifice from which these marbles 

 t brought, says, " After that at Tegea, it may be considered the 



most beautiful of all the temples of the Peloponnesus." The roof of 

 the building was of stone. It was dedicated to Apollo Epicurius, or 

 the Deliverer, a title conferred upon him because he had delivered the 

 Phigalian* from a pestilence. 



These sculptures are of various degrees of merit as regards oxecution; 



