MI 



PROPYL-EU1L 



PROSEHPINK. 



, fire at uwreury and two of oonceotnted hydrochloric acid, 

 It evolvwl in a tolerably copious stream, one ounce of iodopropyl 

 ore than 150 cubic inches of gu. 



Propyleoe has a peculiar odour somewhat resembling olefiant gag, a 

 gwoetlsn tuffonstlng taU, and sp. gr. of 1-498. It in tolerably 

 soluble in alcohol, but water absorbs only about one-eighth of its bulk. 

 It ma/ be liquified by groat pressure. 



-pnpytau, or iodide / allyl (C.H,, I) u formed on distilling a 

 mixture of equal parts of iodide of phosphorus and syrupy glycerin. 

 It is a colourless liquid of sp. gr. 1-789, of ethereal alliaceous odour, 

 a iwcet but irritating taste, insoluble iu water, but soluble in alcohol 

 or ether. It rapidly becomes brown on exposure to air. 



idt if propflfiu (C.H,, I,). At a slightly elevated temperature, 

 iodine absorbs propylene and forms a colourless liquid of ethereal 

 odour, and .1. iiMty -j"4S'. It rapidly decompose* in contact with air. 



CUurida and bromukt ofpropylau. Chlorine and bromine act upon 

 propylenr in much the same way aa upon ETHTLKHI, and the resulting 

 compounds yield color or brom-propyleues when treated with alcoholic 

 potash. The following are the oom|iounds referred to : 



Hans. 



Chloride of propjrlene . . 

 Oilor-prupvlrne . . , 

 Chloride of chlor-propylene . 

 Bichior-prupylfne . 

 Chloride of bichlor-propylene 

 Trichlor-propjlcnc . 

 Chloride of trichlor-piopylmo 

 Qiudrlchlor-propylrnc 



. C.H., Cl, 



. C.H.C1 



. C.HjCl, Cl, 8S8 



. C.H.C1, 



. C.H.C1.', a, S33 to 392 



. C.H.CI, 



. C.HjCl.,, Cl, 428 to 497 



. C.H.C1. 



Boiling 



point. Density. 

 218-2 1-141 



1-847 



1-518 



Chloride of quadrichlor-propylcne C.II.Cl., Cl, 464 to 471 1-711 



Qulatlchlor-propjlene . . . C,lici 3 



Chloride of qulnUcblor-propylene . C,HC1,, Cl, 500 1'iSl 



Stxehlor.propylene . . . C 6 C1, 



Chloride of Miohlor-propylene . C,C1,, Cl, SS6 1-860 



Bromide <>f propylene . . . C,II 6 , Br, 293 1-974 



Bromo-prupylcnc . . . C,U s Br 113-6 1-472 



Bromide of bromo-propylono . . C ( U fi Br, Br, 377-6 2-336 



Bibromo-propylene . . . C,U 4 Br, 248 1-930 



Bromide of bihrom. propylene . . C,H,l)r,, Br, 439 2-469 



Tribrom.propylcnc . . . C,H 3 Br, 



Bromide of tribrom-propylene . . C 1 H I Br,, Br, 491 2-601 



Hydrate of prop yl, or propylie alcohol (C H,0, HO), is contained, 

 along with amylic alcohol, in the last portions of the distillate in the 

 rim rectification of spirits of wine. It in separated by fractional dis- 

 tillation. It is a limpid b'quid, lighter than water, and of agreeable 

 fruity odour. It is very soluble in water, and boils at about 205 

 Fahr. 



Chloride of propyl (C 8 H.,C1). Fuming hydrochloric acid slowly 

 absorbs propylene at 212 Fahr. ; on saturating the liquid with car- 

 bonate of soda, chloride of propyl is obtained. It is a liquid lighter 

 than, and insoluble in, water; boils at 104 Fahr., and in odour, taste, 

 and inflammability, much resembles chloride of ethyl. 



Propyl-tulphuric add (0,11,0, HO, 8,0,) is formed on mixing pro- 

 Kj-lic alcohol with sulphuric acid. Diluted with eight or ten times its 

 bulk of water, saturated with carbonate of potash, evaporated to <li 

 the residue dissolved in boiling absolute alcohol and set aside, furnishes 

 acicular crystals of propyl-sulphate ofpotaeh (C C H,0, KO, S,O e ). 



/' . 



/C.H,] x 

 line i 1 llf I. TrUylamit 



is body is formed on acting 



mine, ilelacelamine. Onyla- 



This body is formed on acting upon iodopropyleuc with 

 ammonia ; it may be extracted by caustic potash. It is an oily body 

 very soluble in water, of ommoniacal odour and alkaline reaction. It 

 boils between 122 and 140 Fahr. It combines with acids to form 

 salts : the cUoroplatixate contains (C,H,N, HC1, PtCl,). 



Artmide of propyl. One of the products of the distillation of a 

 mixture of arsenious acid and dry butyrate of lime appears to be 

 arsenide of propyl, but it has iiot been thoroughly examined. It does 

 not ignite spontaneously. 



PKOPTLEUM (upomlAaioc : the great entrance to the Acropolis of 

 Athens was called poiiAoia, in the plural number ; Thucydidea, ii. 13), 

 signifying literally a fore-portal or one detached from and placed in 

 advance of the building to which it gave access, is used as a distinctive 

 term for the structures through which was the entrance into the 

 enclosure surrounding some of the Grecian temples. Unlike the vast 

 truncated pyramidal nnsins or uioles that enclosed the forecourt ol 

 Egyptian temples, on the entrance side, leaving only a lofty square- 

 basiled portal for access, thereby screening the main c'lifice and 

 iisdes within the court, and giving the exterior the aspect of a 

 fortress, the propyla of the Greeks were detached structures placed 

 in advance of the nacred edifice itself, so as to mark \ ii uously 



thesppruoch to it through the outer enclosure or boundary. Th<y 

 seem to have been intended hi some degree to prefigure th teoaplc to 



hich they conducted ; their general appearance In front being almost 

 dentlcally the same as that of the frontispiece-facade or pediim -n- 

 of a prostyle temple. 



The general arrangement and character of a Greek propylsniid may 

 be described as similar to those of an amphiprostyle temple [Tev 

 shorter however on its sides than the width in front, and without tiny 

 relta, yet not entirely open to both fronts, but divided by an inner 

 wall across it from side to side, into two portions, the outer one of 

 which, answering to the pronaoi of a temple, was larger than the < 

 so that the whole may be more briefly, if not more intelligibly explained, 

 l>y comparing the plan to the pronam and oputhodomu* of an amphi- 

 prostyle temple, put together without any intervening oella, 

 separated only by the wall above mentioned, in which were as many 

 - lorways as there were intercolunmii in front. 



Such wan the disposition of the propylaja both of the Parthenon at 

 Athens and of the temple at Eleusis, the only two examples 01 

 structures known to us, and the hitter now so only by the drawings of 

 it in the unedited antiquities of Athens: there were, iml- 

 learn from 1'ausanias (ii 8) propyloea at ( 'orinth, but of their archi- 

 tectural design we know nothing. The Athenian structure star 

 the west side of the Acropolis, but is not on the same axis or line as 

 the temple. ThU propylicum, which was begun by the are I 

 Hnesicles in the 4th year of the 85th olympiad, and completed i 

 years, is of the Doric order, and hexastyle on both fronts ; and the 

 outer or western one was greatly extended by two flanking wings pro- 

 jecting forward at right angles, so as to enclose the platform t<> lneh 

 on ascent of steps led up from below, and above which the 

 the two lesser colonnades forming the sides of the wings were raised 

 upon three other stops. Thus the platform (78 feet from north tn 

 south, by 40 east and west) became an elevated open fore-court, pre- 

 senting a principal portico in front crowned by a pediment, an. 

 colonnades, which being considerably lower (their columns 1'.' 

 the others 284 feet nigh) ga ve greater importance to the former ; and 

 a degree of scenic effect combination, contrast, and variety was pro- 

 duced, very unusual in Grecian architecture. 



One of the most remarkable circumstances which served t 

 tinguish the PropyUea from a portico is that in the outer di 

 there were tno rows of inner columns placed not parallel with, but at 

 right angles to the columns in front, and in a line with the two middle 

 ones, thereby dividing the plan internally into three compartments, 

 the centre one narrower than the other two, and forming an avenue to 

 the principal doorway, which was the largest and loftiest of the five 

 openings in the transverse wall, and the two end ones the smallest. 

 These inner columns, too, instead of being of the same order as the 

 exterior, were Ionic, a very remarkable peculiarity, inasmuch as it 

 evidences an intermingling of styles almost unknown to (!i 

 architecture. The licence so to call it was, however, fully ju 

 by the circumstances of the case, because columns of lesser di 

 than the external ones were required, and also of such height as to 

 reach the architrave soffits of the internal ceiling, which are in a linn 

 with the top of the architrave of the external order. 



The Eleusis propyheum resembled that of the Acropolis in nearly 

 all particulars, except that it had no wings attached to it. Like the 

 Athenian one, it was of the Doric order, hexastyle on both fronts, and 

 had six Ionic columns within, similarly in two rows. 



As modern structures partaking of the ancient Greek projn 

 character, may be mentioned Cagnola's Porta Ticinense at Milan, and 

 the London terminus of the London and North- Western Roilw 

 Eustou Square, which, though only a distyle in antis in both fronts, is 

 a fine example of Grecian Doric upon a scale of extraordinary 

 magnitude. Both the modern examples, however, differ from the 

 ancient ones in being entirely open, without any internal transverse 

 wall; and the Italian one has, moreover, a large open arch o. 

 side, forming a passage through it in that direction. 



PROPYLAM1NE. [ORGANIC BABES ; PBOPYL.] 



PROPYLENE. [PROPTL.] 



PROROGATION. [PARLIAMENT.] 



1'ltoSE comprehends any species of composition which is nut 

 written in metre. Modern writers have differed much reacting what 

 constitutes the distinction between prose and poetry. Some v. 

 maintain that the whole class of compositions, which have pleasure for 

 their main object, ought to be regarded as poetry j but Whately, on 

 tho other hand, contends that metre is the essence of poetry, an 

 sequently defines poetry as " elegant and decorated laiigu.-i 

 expressing such and such thoughts," and good prose-composition " such 

 and such thoughts expressed in good language " ( Rhetoric.') [POETRY.] 



PROSELYTE (vpoa^&vTof, connected with -rpoatpxoiuu, to ci// 



a new comer. This word is not found in classical Greek, but occurs 

 many times in the Septuagint, and a few times in the Now Testament. 

 It answers to the Hebrew, "13, a stranger. " Proselytes," says Suidas, 



" are they who have come out of the Gentiles, and live according to thu 

 divine laws." The word is applied almost exclusively to person 

 verted to the religion of the Jews. It is now usually a]>p 

 converts from one religion or religious sect to another, but is occ;u-io!i- 

 ally used in reference to political theories, 



PROSERPINA. [ftnUPHORl.1 



1'RUSEIUMNE. [ASTEROIDS.] 



