.1 



i r::ri 



I'YltAMIH. 



IM 





J influence exercised 1 y tin- Tin 

 >i dct.uh d accounts. [I ' rs.J 



iTKi'l.K <>r i -\ssirs. [iioui.i 

 iTKiTi.ir ACH>. [I'uu Acm] 



I'l'ltlTIMN. [M\!>; ISO JIATTEnS Ol'.l 



rutitKK. [!: \ u>) 



ITKKI'.lc.U IH. [Krx 'Mine- ACID.] 

 KKXOXK. [Ki V.NTIIK- Aim] 



ri ivSKR. [SAW.] 



ri'lt\ I'.V ANVi: {pnrrraxc.-, a providing), a prerogative formerly 

 enjoyed by tin- king through the means of officers called purveyors. 

 i.f purcho.-;:. and t tli.-r necessaries for the use of tl. 



.!il. anil of employing horaca and carriages in hi* s-i . 



M other persons and without the consent of the owner*. 

 The parties whose property was thus taken v 1 to n recom- 



pense; but what tin y i. . .MI! wan so inadequate, and go many abuses 

 wen committed under the pretext of purveyance, that it seems to have 

 Iwen always considered a most intolerable grievance. About forty 

 ktattite* were passed upon the subject, many of them, like nil tin- 

 important early statutes, being a re-enactment of those preceding. 

 f the most stringent occur in the 36th year of Kdward HI., and 

 c ntining the exercise of it to the king and queen, (for it had frequently 

 been asserted as their right by some of the great lords) provide th.it 

 for the future " the heinous name of purveyor sliall be changed into 

 that of buyer;" forbid the use of force; and direct that where 

 purveyors cannot agree upon the price, an appraisement shall be made, 

 .V. . iv.-. The provisions of these statutes appear to have wholly failed ; 

 and others were pissed, but without effect. Several of the charges 

 against Wolscy were the exercise of purveyance on his own behalf. 

 1 1 ' I nst.' 93.) 



In the time of Elizabeth, two attempts were made in the .- uue 

 year by the (minions to regulate the abuses of purveyance, at which 

 the qv \trcmcly indignant. Sin- -.-cms t.> have employed 



thi< prerogative for the purpose of victualling her navy; but after- 

 wards revoked the v. arrant-*, and designed to have taken away the 

 commissions relating to the provision for h. i- i-v, n household, some 

 (unties having agreed to furnish it at a certain rate, to get rid of the 

 ton* kind of vermin which the queen called lar^'ut. During 

 the first parliament of James I., Bacon, on presenting a petition to the 

 king, delivered his famous P:- .i-t purveyors, which forma a 



sort of compendium of the lie.ivy charges made against them. Several 

 negotiations took place in that reign for the purchase of the prero- 

 gative of purveyance, but nothing was done. 1'nder the common- 

 wealth it fell into disuse, but was not formally abolished till after the 

 .linn, by the statute 12.Ch. 11. , e. '24, the king receiving in lieu of 

 it a certain amount payable on excteeable liquor*. In the earlier 

 periods of our history, purveyance was necessity for the support of 

 the royal household ; hence its continuance in spite of so many 

 attempU to suppress it. Even after its final abolition 

 temporary statutes were passed, fur its partial revival on the occasion 

 .! progresses. On behalf of the navy ami ordnance, a statute to 

 that effect occurs as late as 11 ami 12 Will. 3. (Camden, 388; Bacon 1 ) 

 4 Works, 1 vol. vi., p. 3, Montagu's edit. ; Hume's ' Hist.'; 1 Bl. ' Com. 1 , 

 . 273.) 



ITS. (A INFLAMMATION.] 



PUTIIEKAI Tli IX. When nitrogenous organic matters are exposed 



to air and moisture at a moderate temperature, they begin to combine 



with oxygen, and are said to undergo decay, being resolved gradually 



into carbonic acid, water and ammonia, or nitric acid. If such decay- 



ing matters be wholly immersed in water, they continue the changes 



liad commenced in air, at the expense of the oxygen of the 



which unites with carbi.n. hjdrogen, and nitrogen as before, 



the hydrogen of the w.it. r a'.-o unites with another portion of 



.rbon, forming light carburctted hydrogen a gas known to be 



I from stagnant pools, and the presence of which in such cases is 



always a test of putrefaction. [ KIIKUACAI sis.] 



ITTTY, the useful cement used by glaciers for fastening the glass 

 in the frames of windows, is composed of linseed oil and \> luting. The 

 whiting should lie well dried, and then pounded and filled till it 

 * a fine powder and is qur ra grit. The whiting, a 



little warm, should be gradually added to tl ..... il. and weli 

 f a piece of stick or a spatula. \Vhni it is mil' 

 stiff, it should J.- well worked with the lu:nd on a table, tin. : 

 wards beaten on a ston with a wooden mallet, till it box- 



!i, tenacious mass. Putty by exposure to the. air gradually 



. it becomes aim "rt like stone. A ball of putty, wh'-u left 



days, becomes somewhat hard, but may be easily softened by 



IM'TTY l'nwiu:i: !s p tin, or ,.f t 



u cd in ] olifOiing. Tl. l.i-.-.t and to 'I. 



of air in a furnace, or muffle of peculiar f.-iiM ;< token 



. lump:! about as hard as marble. The lumps are ground to 

 runner, and the powder Is lifted tl.ions.di lawn. The 

 putty powd an oxide of the mixed metal. or rather a 



niitti . largely used as glass and i 



and a .Mulling 



lenws. the tin.il .without iidn.i.Muic with lead. 'I 



Sir. Andre 



e (iuin-nt optician, adopted n special mode, devised 



by himself, of matin ; putty powder for ]..!i--hin:; t 



tdeteoMI and n. I r, , MM u AN. MI' A ill).] 



IT/./.! ill'. ANd. | I',.. II .>I.AKO.] 



I'V.KMIA (pus in the blood), is a peculiar and dangerous M 

 the system. tqppOMd to be produced by the inti.-oi 



1. The symptoms connected with this state of the M.....1 may 

 orcur ill the course of other disia.<e.-<, nr th ,- on \\ ithout any 



01 attack of disease. The more char: 1 . 



generally ushered in by more or less violent fits of -M\ . no . When it 

 u> acconi]>am'cd with any external suppurating surface, as is frequently 

 the case, the discharge from tl :-radua!ly dries up or ! 



thinner and excessively fetid, and the -, tnw a ll.il.'- 



unhealthy aspect. Tin i 'ines exceedingly languid a] 



hausted, a*d stupor or delirium comes on. The respiratory function 

 is increased and the breath exhales a faint sickly odour. The lungs 

 become congested, and the skin assumes gradually a ye! 

 Pains, with swelling, occur in the M the course of a little 



time effusion takes place in thcsyiiovial membrane and under tin- skin. 

 The puke Is quick, tremulous, and r.ipid : the t -ngue, at first i 

 with a yellowisli fur, quickly becomes brown and dry. and tin- ( < fli and 

 lips are covered with sonic.-. The abdomen becomes tender, and is 

 frequently di- tended with Hat us. The eye is dull, partial ]:.> 

 presents it-cli, the voice becomes feeble, and the patient 

 the fourth to the tenth day fiom the h'r.-t appeai.ince oi 

 symptoms. 



After death the most conspicuous lesions are large accumulate 

 pus and puriform matter in the various parts of the Ixxly. These are 

 found in the lungs, liver, spleen, brain, kidneys, heart, blood-Tease!*, 

 pleura, joints, muscles, and the subcutaneous conni . On 



examining the blood under the microscope, an increase in the white 

 cells of the blood, which are not to be distinguished from pus cells, has 

 been observed. This, however, has not been observed in all cases ; ! 

 perhaps, the impropriety of calling this disease by ita present name. 



The symptoms of this disease are generally the same as those which 

 occur in inflammation of the veins or phlebitis. This state i 

 supposed to be identical with the disease occurring in puerp< 

 and known by the name of phlegmosia dolens. [1'ri iu-i n\i. DISKASU; 

 YKINS, DISEASES OF.] The pathological state in which ti 

 toms come on has excited much discussion. Dr. Bennett gi\. 

 following : 



1. That this condition is owing to an admixture of the Mood with 

 pus (pyohemia of 1'iorry ), and that the pus corpuscles r than 



the coloured ones of blood, are arrested in the minute capillari. 

 give rise to secondary abscesses. 



i. That it is owing to the presence of any irritating body which 

 cannot be eliminated from the economy, producing capillary phlebitis. 



3. That it is dependent on a property possessed by pus of coagula- 

 ting the blood. 



4. That it is produced by the presence of a peculiar poison which 

 contaminates the system. 



The first view ha* been most generally held, but the fact that pus 

 globules cannot bo distinguished from the white cells of the blood 

 would clearly indicate that they could not be retained in the cap 

 as required by that theory. It is also found that in leui-i.cythemia 

 the blood is crowded with white cells without producing any of the 

 above symptoms. Dr. Bennett also injected pus into the blood of an 

 ass without producing any ill elfects on the animal. These oi.j 

 are also fatal to the second and third theories. The last view is that 

 which is most consistent with the whole of the phenomena, and is alone 

 applicable to those cases of pyaemia in which there is no wound or 

 ulcerated surface, and no indication of the )] cells in the 



blood. From the fact that this disease occurs whin- persons are 

 1 to poisonous exhalations from decomposing animal and vege- 

 table matter from without, or to the absorption !' ! e.'inposing animal 

 secretions upon the body, it would appear that the blood 1 

 vitiated, and that the presence of pus cells in the blood, and deposi- 

 tion- of pus in the various organs ot the body, are but the res 



ndition of the blood. 



This disease is most frcqucntlyfat.il, and to be 



treated according to the symptoms it presents. Local wounds must 

 be attended to, and accumulai :1.1 In- removed I 



;. uipt.'in.s from the first indicate the in < -.-sity of 

 stimulants, as wine and ammonia, and the introduction of nutritive 

 and digestible food into the system, (juinine in large d' 



ti d. 

 I'YIN. An albuminous substance contained in pu. Mulder eoii- 



\yprott'in. 



J'YHAMII) (ut'faiusV a solid figure cont.iiued l>y a polygonal l.a-e 

 and the triangles toimed <m the sides of the base by lines drawn fimu 

 one point to the angles of the base. It is among plane solids wl. 



among curvilinear ones, and its solid content, is one third of 

 th it of a prism ..f the id altitude ; thati-.tl. 



unit* in the base, multiplied by the number of lin. 

 itnde, and the product divided by 3, gives the number of cubic 

 in the. content. 

 Tli'- propcrtle !' a pyramid an- impoilant in tl.,- the.ny : 



.nieulaily the following: Kvciy quadrangular pyramid 

 (or j.jr.iinid with a quadrangular f only, 



