HBT, 



QUOTIKNT. 



In more wren OMM of inflammation of the pharynx and adjacent 

 lrU, matter aometiroe* forma either around or near the pharynx, or 

 in the aoft palate of the uvula. Whrrvver the existence of matter can 

 be determined, it should be immediately let out, aa from an abacen 

 in any other part of the body. In other terere, and in aome meaaure 

 peculiar oa*e, the intenaity of the inflammation i* marked by Uie 

 formation <>f falae membrane* on the affected gurfaoe. This form of 

 the diaeaae ban been named angina mrmbranacea, and has been 

 especially deaoribed by M. Bretonneau and otlicr Krcm-h physicians 

 under the name of difjtlltrrite. [ DmiTintniA.] In ita essential nature 

 this affection resemble* croup, with which also it is sometime* con- 

 nected, the false membrane being not only spread over the mucous 

 urfaoea of the pharynx and fund-is but extending down into the 

 trachea. In some caaes the inflammation is very acute, and, 1- -in- 

 accompanied by common inflammatory fever, require* for its reduc- 

 tion the most active antiphlogistic treatment ; the same measures, in 

 abort, aa are applicable in casea of croup. [Cxocr.] In another 

 even form of quinsy, the inflammation and formation of false 

 membranes are accompanied by a low typhoid state with great pr 

 tration of strength, and requiring all the remedies that are used in 

 caann of low typhus fever, in malignant scarlet fever, and other 

 dangerous diaeaaea of the same class. It is this form of disease which 

 is usually called putrid or malignant sore throat, and by nosologists, 

 Cfxaoekt or A mjina maligna. It sometimes occurs as an epidemic, and 

 was long regarded as attended by sloughing of tlie throat, the layers 

 of false membrane being mistaken for the inflamed tissue in a state of 

 gangrene. In other en nun of this form of cynanche there is a tendency 

 to the production of ulcor. These may be distinguished from 

 diphtheria by the circumscribed character of the inflammation. The 

 accompanying fever is of a more or Iww low form. The ulcers should 

 be touched with nitrate of silver, anil afterwards a most effectual 

 remedy is a lotion of chlorate of potash with hydrochloric acid. In 

 these caaes the system requires support, and beef tea, port wine, and 

 quinine should be administered. 



In CVnoncAC tmuitlari, or tonsillitis, the inflammation is entirely or 

 nearly limited to the tonsils. It* symptoms are scarcely distinguish- 

 able from those of the common form of the preceding disease, but on 

 examining the throat the redness is seen to be less diffused, and the 

 tonsils, being more or less increased in size, are approximated to each 

 other so as nearly to block up the posterior aperture of the mouth, and 

 render any effort to swallow extremely painful. Hence, to avoid the 

 pain, the patient usually lets the saliva flow from his mouth, and 

 often, in attempting to swallow, is unable to overcome the obstacle 

 presented by the enlarged tonsils, and discharges the fluid back 

 through the nose. In many cases also the inflammation extends to the 

 rustachian tube and tympanum, producing deafness, and to the parts 

 immediately around the larynx, giving rise to difficulty of breathing 

 and a harsh hoarse sound of the voice. With these local symptoms 

 there is usually more or leas fever, with headache, loss of appetite, &c. 



The milder cases of inflammation of the tonsils may be treated in 

 the same manner as those of the preceding disease ; leeches applied to 

 the sides of the throat where the pain is most severely felt, are 

 probably the moot beneficial means that can be employed. The direct 

 application of powdered alum to the tonsils is very useful. With a 

 higher degree of inflammation abscesses often form in the tonsils, 

 accompanied by all their usual signs, and with still greater obstruction 

 in the throat. In time these will break of themselves, but it will 

 materially shorten the patient's sufferings if they be opened as goon aa 

 matter has distinctly collected. The operation should be performed 

 with a guarded knife, or with one that slips through a canula and can 

 have the length of it* cutting part fixed. 



The most annoying result of repeated inflammation of the tonsils 

 (and those who have once suffered arc peculiarly liable to a recurrence 

 of the disease from very slight causes), is, that they become perma- 

 nently enlarged. In this state, although swallowing is not painful, it 

 is often attended with difficulty, and by the partial closure of the 

 faucea the respiration is always obstructed and requires an effort for 

 it* effectual jx-rf onnance. From this, in children, a pecu liar deformity 

 of the cheat often results, the breast-bone and the fronts of the ril.s 

 becoming elevated and very much arched forwards, in a form which is 

 commonly called chicken-breasted. But if this do not occur, the 

 patient always suffers inconvenience from hoarseness and a kind of 

 naaal sound of the voice ; he cannot avoid snoring very loud in his 

 leep, and often start* up from it with a feeling of impending 

 suffocation. The beat means for the removal of this state are astrin- 

 gent gargle*, a* those with alum, oak-bark, mineral acids, Ac. Iodine 

 alao, administered internally and nibbed on the throat, often proves 



useful ; but in many canes nothing will alleviate the condition of tin- 

 in cutting off a portion of each tonsil, so aa to redu. > tin 'in to 

 their natural dimension*. 



'.'i IN I'M. generally means the weight of a hundred pounds ; l.ut 

 > K.iig)ii.h. 



yriNTICIII.oUdl'll ID. A pro.luet of tl,,. action of 



chlorine u|xm trichlorophcnic acid [I'liiM i j, or upon 



chlorisatin [|M>I<.<>], It i* crystalline and volatile, and forms crystal- 

 line salt* with base*. 



V'I'INTILK, a term of astrology and ancient astronomy, meaning 

 distant in longitude by 72 degree*, or the fifth part of the whole great 



i.'1-IT KKNT. [Hr.XT.] 



i)\'n WAKIIAM'n. A writ in the nature of a writ of right for 

 the crown, which lies against any person or corporation that has 

 usurped or unjustly claims any public office or other franchise or 

 liberty, or that, having originally had a grant of om-, has forf. 

 by abuse or neglect. Proceedings under it are prosecuted in the 

 Queen's Bench, and the defendant is called on to show '>/ . 

 (7110 irarrnntu) he exercises the office, liberty, or franchise in question. 

 The first procesa against him is by summons. If he fail to api 

 the same term in which lie i~ summoned, he lose* his franchise, 

 appearance, he may disclaim any title, cither to the whole or part of the 

 franchise; or he may p: --iintion, showing by what warrant 



he has exercised it. To this plea there may be either a 

 replication, and subsequent proceedings a* in ordinary actions. On 

 disclaimer judgment is immediately given for the crown. In that 

 cas, or on judgment for the crown on demurrer, or after trial, the 

 judgment is that the franchise shall be seised into the hands of the 

 crown, or, if the crown cannot have the franchise, that tl 

 shall be ousted, that is, ejected. If the judgment be for the defendant, 

 it is that he may enjoy the franchise, Ac., saving the right of Un- 

 crown, and this saving applies to all titles except that on which judg- 

 ment is given. The judgment is conclusive even against the 

 (2 'Inst.,' 282; Co., 'Ent.,' 527, &c.) 



Proceedings under a writ of quo warranto have, however, been 

 superseded by informations in the nature of a quo warranto, these 

 being adapted to attain the same ends, and, at the same time 

 expeditious. The judgment is not in this case conclusive against the 

 crown. Except when exhibited by the attorney-general, they are filed 

 by leave of the court. 



The statute of the 9 Anne, c. 20, was passed for the purpose of 

 facilitating such proceedings in the case of corporate offices. l'"i 

 although their ostensible object is the punishment by fine, as well as the 

 ejection of the usurper from his office, these proceedings are virtually 

 of a civil nature, and are now almost exclusively employed for the 

 decision of questions relative to the exercise of corporate rights 

 between mere individuals. The prosecutor is styled the relator, and 

 must apply by motion in open court for leave to file an infon 

 upon affidavits of all the facts upon which it is grounded. The court. 

 may either grant or refuse a rule nisi, and if a rule be granted, the 

 case comes on for argument in the ordinary course. The defendant. 

 may then either support his opposition by affidavits stating the facts 

 which form the grounds of it, or confine himself to argument* i 

 on the case presented by the relator. If the rule be made absolute, 

 the defendant must plead, at latest, within the next term, liut if the 

 plea be insufficient, the court will allow the defendant to amend at any 

 time before trial. In otlicr respects, the pleading is conducted on the 

 same principles as in ordinary cases. If the defendant be found guilty, 

 the court may give judgment of ouster as well as fine. By the statute 

 of Anne, costs are given to the relator against the defendant, if the 

 information be successful ; to the defendant against the relator, if 

 it wholly fail. If one material issue be found for the crown, the 

 crown must have judgment, and the relator is entitled to costs on all 

 the issues. The provisions of the statute of Anne only relate to offices 

 analogous to those mentioned, that is, those of a corporate character. 

 By the statute 33 Geo. III. c. 68, the defendant is enaM 

 that he had exercised the office in question for six years previous to 

 the exhibition of the information, and if the fact be so, he is entitled 

 to judgment. By stat. 1 Viet. c. 78, s. 23, the time within which 

 proceedings of quo warranto may 'be brought against any td 

 alderman, councillor, or burgess, is further limited to one year after 

 either his election to office, or the commencement of his disquali- 

 fication. (Com. Diff., tit. Quo Warranto ; Bl. ( 

 QUORUM. [SK8810 



QUOTIENT, or QUOTE, the result of dividing one number by 

 another. 



