SAl.U'YI.lMIHK. 



SAI.IX. 



.K). + 2q.), called al> Muoiir ari-l 

 [Am.c AC.D]. . 



, . 



mlir flit I'M, or nifnyMpWiir and, contains t,.H.<M> .VV . 



I.An//-.ou M/i>yic atvl.oT lalirylir anliytlriile (C',.H,O,, C,,H,U, , is 

 formed by the action of oxychloride of phosphorus on dry ulicy lute 

 of mfc. It U gummy or oletaou.looking body, soluble in alcohol 

 It U converted into ordinary fiojUe ciJ by U.ilim; with >olution of 



'* Ni/irWi</r tCH.O.) U whit... mm.rph.Mi,.. pulverulent Mibstanoe, 

 formed in the prawtion t.f salicylic anhydride. It is insoluble in 

 and aliuoot inmluMp in alcohol. 



.Va/.rWnn> aci,l ,H>.. .M.X.. . i* found in the uruie after salicylic 

 acid bw ben Uken int> the t.>uiiich. oile<l with hydrochloric acid 

 it nliU up into lalicvlir acid and l!i.v< 



(Stand* of aliffl (i 1 ,."."..''' 1 >* a '""K '"I" 1 ' 1 , obtained on 

 acting upon oil of meadowsweet by perchlorido of phosphorus. 



StfifJamiJe (C H.XO.1 rwiulU from the action of a strung .solu- 

 tion of \mroonU on the oil of wintorgroen. It ia a volatile solid, of 

 yellow colour, soluble in boiling water, alcohol, or ether. By the 

 action ..f th* chloride* of benxoyl or cumyl upon salicylamide the 

 following compound! are generated : 



BaMjrl-nlkTlamlde 

 CamvUaUcrlamide 



(C 14 H a O. 

 . X- C 14 II,0, 



(C..H.O. 

 . N {C.,,11,,0, 

 II 



rc,,(H.N0 4 )0, 

 .\Untalicylamide N < H is the product of the action of 



rc,,(H. 

 ide N < H 



ammonia on nitnxalicylate of methyl. 

 SALK'YLIMIDE. [SALICYLIC Gitoirr.] 

 SAI.irYl.ol's ACIII. [SALICYLIC GBOUP.] 

 1 1 Y LU11IC ACID. [SALICYLIC GBOCP.] 



SALIENT, a term applied to an angle which presents its point to 

 the outside of the figure, as opposed to the re-entering or re-entrant, 

 which is applied to an angle presenting its point to the inside of the 

 figure. These terms are frequently used in fortification, and seldom 

 in geometry. 



.* \ UF1ABLE BASE, a terra applied to any substance capable of 

 uniting with an acid to form a salt. [SALTS.] 

 SALIGENIN. [SALICYLIC GBOUP.] 



N \ L'H were twelve priests of More Gradivus, who formed an 

 ecclesiastical collegium or corporation at Rome. They were chosen from 

 the patricians, and established by Numa to take care of the twelve 

 anoilia, or sacred shields of Mars. The original aucile was said to have 

 been found in the palace of Numa, and was supposed to have fallen 

 from heaven. To secure its preservation, Numa commanded the 

 armourer Mamurius Veturius to make eleven other shields exactly like 

 it; and the twelve were deposited in the temple of Mars on the 

 Palatine hill, and committed to the care of the Salii. (Liv., i. 20 ; 

 Dionys , ii. 70, 7 1 ; Cic., ' Rep.,' ii. 14 ; Ovid. ' Fast.,' iii. 387 ; Festus, 

 -. v. " Mam. Vet.') 



On the calends of March, and on several successive days, the feast 

 of Mars was celebrated by the Salii, on which occasion they carried 

 the shields through the city dressed in their official garments, which 

 consisted of an embroidered tunic with a brazen belt, the trabea, and 

 the apex, or conical cap, with a sword by their side, and a spear or 

 staff in their right hand. They at the same time performed a dance, 

 and sung hymns or songs called Axamenta in honour of Mamurius 

 V"turius, and all the celestial deities, with the exception of Venus, 

 (Macrob., ' Sat,' i. 12; Virg., ' JEn.,' viii. 286 ; Varro, ' De Ling. Lat.,' 

 I, ed. Muller.) These songs were in later times scarcely under- 

 even by the priests themselves. (Quint., i. 6. p. 54, Bipont. ; 

 Ep.,' ii. 1, 86.) At this festival the Salii were accustomed to 

 partake of an entertainment in the temple of Mars, which was pro- 

 verbial for its magnificence and excellence. (Suet., ' Claud.,' 33 ; Cic. 

 ' ad Att.,' v. 9 ; Hor., ' Carm.,' i. 37.) 



Another corporation of Salii, also consisting of twelve members 

 choaen from the patricians, was established by Tulltis Hostilius in 

 fulfilment of a vow which he made in a war with the Sabines. These 

 were also called Collini or Agonenses, to distinguish them from 

 the Salii established by Numa, who were surnamed Palatini. (Dionys 

 ii. 70. iii. 32 ; Varro, De Ling. Lat.,' vi. 14.) 

 SALIHETIX. [SALICYLIC Uiiorp.] 

 SAUTll'iI, [PIIKSTLIC Gnorp.] 



SALIVATION, or ITYALISM, is a superabundant secretion of 

 saliva. This sometimes occurs as an idiopathic disease, originating 

 without any evident cause. Dr. Chrixtison (' Treatise on Poisons ') has 

 collected several such cases, in some of which the quantity of salivj 

 discharged amounted to three or more pints daily. Irritation of th 

 olivary glands, or accompanied will, profuse secretion, is also an occa 

 nional attendant on common inflammation* of the throat and mouth 

 and on thnee that accompany eruptive diseases, especially small-pox 

 But far more frequently salivation is the effect of medicines or poisons 

 Home preparations of gold, copper, antimony, aud iodine, croton oil 



digitalis, and even opium, are apt to produce it.; and it is almost a 



constant effect of the long-continued or copious' administration of 

 uercury. 

 The quantity of mercury required to produce salivation varies 



greatly in different persons. In some, two or three grains of ttloma] 

 re sufficient; but by other persons such large quantities may be 

 akeu with impunity, that they appear insusceptible of its action. N 

 eneral rule, therefore, respecting the quantity of mercury that may 

 >e safely given to any one can be made ; but in no case can there be 



safety without caution and careful watching of the elfects produced 



>y it. 



Salivation from the use of mercury is distinguished from that which 

 arises from other causes by its being preceded by a peculiar I 

 taste in the mouth, taster of the breath, and tenderness, redne.- 

 ponginess of the gums. These are soon followed by the increased 

 -jJiva, and if mercury be still taken, or if the quantity already 

 aken was very large, they increase; the whole mouth, tongue, face, 

 ml throat become swollen and tender, and ulcer* aud sloughs quickly 

 orm on the mucous membrane. In extreme cases, the mouth anil 

 heeks and throat become extensively gangrenous, the teeth fall out, 

 .he gums swell up as they do in scurvy, the jaws are affected with 

 lecrosis, aud by the spreading of the disease to important parts it may 

 .rove fatal; or the patient may die exhausted by the profuse disci i 

 it saliva, or by the peculiar nervous and other constitutional dis 

 urbances that often accompany the poisonous influence of mercury. 



M I Krl'BY.] 



The best treatment of mercurial salivation is exposure to cool pure 

 air, a nutritious diet, and mild purgatives. Gargles of chlorinated 

 soda or lime are useful in correcting the footor of the breath ; aud 

 loney, or the Mel lioracit, may be applied to the smaller ulcers in the 

 mouth. The permanganates of soda and potash may also be employed 

 with advantage as gargles and lotions. The more extensive liberations 

 and the gangrene can be treated only by maintaining the patient's 

 strength by tonics and stimulants, and by the usual local applications 

 to such diseases. The idiopathic kinds of salivation usually require 

 inly cool air and gently reducing measures. 



SALIX, Medical Properties of. The barks of several species of 

 willow have been long celebrated for their astringent and antifebrile 

 qualities ; but from the great difficulty of determining the species, it is 

 lot ascertained which kind is entitled to the preference. The Saiie 

 liiKielliana (Bedford willow) appears to possess the greatest quantity 

 if I'niiiin ; but the peculiar principle termed salicin seems to exist in 

 the largest proportion in the S. Helix, or rose willow ; while the 

 S. pentandra L. (the bay-leaved willow), possesses, both in its bark 

 and leaves, the largest amount of bitterness and resin, and a most 

 Balsamic odour. The barks of A alba, S. fragila, and S. caprca (or 

 freat round-leaved willow, which yields the broad-leaved willow bark), 

 ire also gathered, often indiscriminately. Whichever species is selected, 

 ;he bark should be stripped in spring from branches not less than three 

 rears or more than six years old, and from trees growing in moist 

 rather than swampy places. It should be carefully dried in the shade. 

 The fresh bark has a faint odour somewhat resembling bitter almoiuls ; 

 ;he dried bark is devoid of odour. The taste is at first mucilaginous, 

 afterwards bitter and astringent. The degree of astringency may be 

 easily tested by adding to a decoction of the bark a solution of gelatine. 

 Tincture of nut-galls does not afiect it. According to the analysis of 

 Pelletier and Caventou, the bark of S. alba contains a green fatty 

 matter similar to that of cinchona, a yellow slightly bitter colouring 

 matter, tannin, resinous extract, gum, wax, woody fibre, and an organic 

 acid, which with magnesia forms a salt easily soluble in water aud 

 alcohol. Since these analyses, salicin has been found. [SALICYLIC 

 GBOOP; SALICIN.] 



Willow bark possesses astringent, tonic, and febrifuge qualities, 

 which render it a valuable substitute for cinchona, and as it often suits 

 the stomach better, it is well calculated for the treatment of 

 among the poor. In debility of the stomach and relaxation of the 

 mucous membranes, it is often very serviceable. In the latter cases, 

 an infusion, made with cold water, of the powdered bark of Salit: 

 ,., ,,iini,lra, is preferable ; but any of the others may be made equal to 

 it by the addition of bruised cinnamon bark. Like all astringent 

 tonics, it is often useful as an anthelmintic. 



Salicin has febrifuge properties, but they are much weaker than 

 those of quinia ; it must therefore be given in considerably i 

 doses. It may be given in substance or solution, and also in oon : 

 junction with many other salts, without undergoing decomposition m- 

 entering into combination. " In its passage through the system it 

 undergoes oxidation, and is converted into hydruret ef salicyle, wlm-h 

 is found in the urine. Ita presence is detected by a persalt of iron. 

 which strikes an intense violet colour with urine containing it." 

 (Pereira.) Of this property advantage might be taken in the treatment 

 of some renal complains. 



The barks of many species of willow contain a valuable dyeing prin- 

 ciple. It is capable of dyeing drali with the help of i mordant only. 

 For tlii* purpo-T bitartrate of potass (cream of tartar) is best. Ii tin- 

 bark be macerated in one vat, and the water then containing the 

 colouring principle be drawn oft" into another vat, the mordant can 

 then be added, and the stuff immersed in it. For the production of 

 drab colour four materials are generally used, the shade resulting 



