685 



SOUNDS, HARMONIC. 



SOUTH KENSINGTON MUSEUM. 



633 



ill I860. It has been shown that much of the success of previous 

 experimenters had depended on the instruments in use. One great 

 object also had been to collect as much of the sea bed at each operation 

 of sounding as possible. Up to 1860 very many contrivances had been 

 in use to effect this, with various results. Captain McClintock had ' 

 been provided with a modified form of Brooke's machine, but it did i 

 not answer his expectations. Much attention was given to improve- 

 ments by Mr. Roughton, his chief engineer, and Mr. Steil, his assistant ; 

 also by Dr. Wallich, naturalist to the ship ; but Mr. Steil succeeded 

 admirably in contriving a double-scoop machine wherewith to bring up 

 a considerable quantity of the sea bed. It will be henceforward known 

 as the " Bulldog sounding machine," and is of the form shown in col. 684. 

 In this, Lieutenant Brooke's plan of a hollow sinker is combined 

 with Bonnici's claws, but the section of its scoop requires some little 

 explanation. The two parts a a' and b V move like shears on the pin, c, 



in fg. A. Another view of them is in fy. s, in which e e are two studs, 

 which fit the two holes loosely in the cone, as in c at x. When the 

 cone is descending it rests on these two studs and collars, being steadied 

 by the line in A and B marked n. A strong india-rubber band, i, is 

 attached, so that on the apparatus reaching the ground, the sounding- 

 line, o, being relieved from the weight, allows the claws to fall open, 

 as in B, and the part of the line n, being released, the cone tilts off the 

 studs, c e, and falls, remaining on the ground ; the part of the line n, 

 unreeving through it, as n in B, and the claws and scoop being secured 

 to the part m, are hauled to the surface; the removal of the cone 

 from ee allowing the india-rubber bands to compress and close the 

 scoops while in the ground, inclosing about 4 Ibs. of the bottom of 

 the sea. 



Captain McClintock's results will be best understood by the following 

 sections of his principal soundings. 



Section 5. 



If 



Grccnland to Iceland. 



Scale Horizontal 120,000 fathoms I , 



Vertical 4JOOO j to one inch, or 30 to 1. 



Section 6. 



Labrador to Greenland. 



Scale Horizontal 90,000 fathoms 



Vertical 3,000 



to one inch, or 30 to 1. 



Section 





Scale Hnvi/onUl 180,000 fathoms ) , 



Vertical 6,000 j to one inch, or 30 to 1. 



Section B. 



Scale-Horizontal 30,000 fathoms 1 ' ^ or 

 Vertical 1,000 j 



All the above sectional diagrams are upon the same relative scale, 



namely, 80 to 1, and each is referred to the inch. Much valuable 



information on deep sea sounding may be obtained from Maury's 



works on the Physical Geography of the Sea : and many very useful 



details are recorded in the pages of the ' Nautical Magazine.' [SKA.] 



SOUNDS, HARMONIC. [HARMONICS; TEMPERAMENT; ACOUSTICS.] 



SOUTH KK.N'SIN'UTON MUSEUM. The formation of a national 



Museum of Ornamental Art was commenced on a very small scale in 



1838. Originally intended merely as an adjunct to the Central School 



of Design, its progress was comparatively slow. By the Great Exhibi- 

 tion of 1851, however, not only was attention directed strongly to the 

 necessity of forming a more comprehensive museum for the especial 

 use of manufacturers and art workmen, and which should at the same 

 time serve to interest and instruct the public generally ; but it was also 

 seen that the exhibition afforded a singularly favourable opportunity 

 for securing the nucleus of such a museum. A selection of objects was 

 accordingly made from the Indian, Continental, and British sections, 

 and along with the articles previously purchased for the Museum of 



