SUIT AM. SKKV1CK. 



SULPHUR. 



per httontun attending parliament), the miitom are the judge* of tlu> 

 ,ii.l the sheriff iu the county court, tho !..nl or steward in the 

 court baron, only prodding ofllcera with no judicial authority, Hut in 

 the criminal jurisdiction of tin- tourn and leet, the sherin" n<l the 

 granb-e of the let, or hi* iteward, are the judge* ; anil the miitora act 

 only a mibonlinate part. 



S. Betide* suit of court, scU ad ouriam, there are other specie* of 



personal suit, which, like uit of court, are divisible into unit-service 



.in.l Htiit-ciutum. Of thcso the most usual is unit of mill. Recta ad 



innlendinnm, which Is where, by tenure or by custom, the freehold or 



i.iry tenant i bound to grind hi* corn at the lord'* mill. 



SUIT AND SKUV1CK. [Si'IT.] 



SULl'll.or sn.I'HO. A prefix used in chemistry in aiming a 

 large nninU-r of substance* containing the element sulphur. Most of 

 these bodies will be found descrilwd under their respective names ; 

 l.ut others will ! found nmler the name to which the prefix is added, 

 thus aulpholeic acid U described under ULRIC ACID. 



sri.rHAlT.Tir ACID (C.ll.S.O,,,). An organic acid formed by 

 tho action of anhydrous nlphnrio acid upon monohydrated acetic acid. 

 It crystallises in very d.-li |iitMccnt needles. It is blbosic. 



si' I. I'll AM BTHTLA N K. [MKTII vi., tt|4MM /.] 



SU.I'HAMYI.IC ACID. [AMTL.] 



SULPHAN1LIC ACID (C.jH.NS.OJ. An unimportant derivative 

 of aniline. 



.Ml. I'll AN ISO!, 1C ACID. A synonyme of methylsitlphophenic 

 acid. [MmiYi. ; I'msvi i, -tiiiufp.] 



SULPHANISOLIDE. [PHENYLIC CiiotJP.] 



SUU'HATAMMON. |Si -mint.] 



Sfl.ril.VTKS. [Si i.r-iirii. .Wji/irtV Aeiil.] 



8ULPHET11AMIC ACID (C l .H M NS,0 1B ). An ammoniacal deri- 

 vative of sulphate of ethyl. In its most concentrated form it is a 

 ii [uiil. Ebullition decomposes it. 



8ULPHBTHTLIC ACID. [ETHTL.] 



SULPHETHYLOLIC ACID. Synonymous with ethylsulphurous 

 acid. [ETHTL.] 



.-ri.l'HIDKS. [SULPHUR.] 



SUI.I'HINDIGOTIC ACID. [ISDKio.] 



SULPHINDYLIC ACID. [INDIOO.] 



8ULPHION. [SULPHUR.] 



SULPHISATANOUS ACID (0,^,^*0., S..O,). A crystalline acid 

 of no importance derived from indigo. 



SULPHISATHYD. [INDIGO.] 



SULPHITES. [SULPHUR, Salphuroui Arid.] 

 riluAMIDONIC ACID. [SUGAR.] 



SUPHOBENZIDIC ACID. [PHKNYL-SULPHUROUS ACID.] 



SULPHOBEXZIDE. [PHKNYLIC OHOCP.] 



SULPHOBENZOENIC ACID. [ToLuuNic Gkoup.] 



SULPHOBENZOL (C H S S ). A white crystalline organic sub- 

 stance isomeric with hydride of sulphobenzoyl. It is obtained by 

 acting upon hydride of chlorobenzb'yl with sulph-hydrate of potash. 



.SULPHOCARBONIC ACID. [SULPHUR.] 



SULPHOCARBONIC KTHKK. FOmu] 



SULPHOCAUBOMETHYLIC ACID. A synonytae i.f nn-thyldi- 

 sulphocarbonk- acid. [METHYL.] 



srM'HOCKTIC ACID. [CKTYI., CW-.v'V/cni- Acid.] 



SULPHOCHOLEIC ACID. [CHOLEIC ACID.] 



si I.I'IIUC'YANHYDKIC ETHER. [ETHYL.] 



HULPHOCYANOGEN. [CYANOGEN, C'yanoyen and Sulphur.] 



M I.PHOFORM. [METHYL.] 



SCI.PHUFLAVIC ACID. flSDHio.] 



SfLPHOKri.VIC ACID. [IsDic:o.| 



SULPHOFURETHANE. [CAIIBAMK: ACID.] 



SULI'HOCI.I'CIC ACID. [BTOiR.] 



SULI'HiMJI.rTINIC ACID. [N.M-HTIIAI.K- Onoup.] 



I'HOHAMATHIONIC ACID. An acid of problematical 

 existence, said to be derived from Purree, or Indian Yellow. 



srU'HOLKiNlC ACID. [SuuAR.] 



sri.l'HuMKSITYUC ACID ((',.11, s. i M. A crystalline acid pro- 

 duced by dissolving mesitylene in fuming sulphuric acid. 



SULPHOMETHYLIC ACID. A synonyme of methyl-sulphuric 

 acid. (Mi:Tim..j 



SULPHOMETHYLSULPHURIC ACID. A syuonyme of methyl- 

 Kulphurous acid. [Muiim.] 



8ULPHOMOLTBDIC ACID. IM..M- ./.] 



SULPHuMolMMIIDE. [OPIUM, ALKALOIDS OP.] 



8ULPHONAPHTHALIDAMIC ACID. [NAI'HTHAI.IC (in.>r...| 



BULPHONAPHTHALIDE (''...H^so^'t. A d.-rivtivt>of m|.l,th,i 

 lin is haid to possess this formula, mlt it is probably a mixture i.f 

 liaphthalin and sulphonaphthalin. 



8UI.rHn.\AI'IITIIAI.!N. [XAPIITIIALIC Unon-.) 

 LPHOKAKCOTIDB. [OPIUM, ALKALOIDS OF.] 

 PHOPHENIC ACID. [PIIKM 1.1,- Ci:on-.| 



BULPHOPHENICIC ACID, [bnttoo.1 



SULPIKHMIKXYI.. \MIDK. [I'iu:xvi.ic GROUP.] 



BDLPHOPHENYLIC ACID. [PIIKNVI.-SI-LI-III-KIC A<-nt.| 



sn.l'llnl'INIc ACID. |()|.|t-M, AI.KAI.I.IPS or ] 



sn.i'iK.rriti'ritic ACID. IINDIOO.] 



8ULP1IURUFIC ACID. [Isoioo; SALICYLIC GROUP.] 



SULPHO-SALTS, or SULPHUR SALTS. [SALTS.] 



SULPHUSINAPIC ACID (C,H 7 NS,). All;tl-t!, 

 An organic aciil produced by On . lion of an alcoholic solution of 

 potaah u|Nin HiilpliiK-vaiiiiK' of allyl. The potash salt of the acid is 

 thus obtained ; the acid itself has not been isolated. 



sri.l'UnSINAPISINM [SiNAi'isi. | 



StTI.I'lluTol.fKNlC ACID. [Toi.rKNK' GROUP.] 



SULPHOVIN1C ACID. SOufmtfUail Acid [ETHYL.] 



SULI'HOVIIMDIC ACID. [!NI 



sri.l'HurilKTIIANE. [CAHBAMIC ACID.] 



sri.l'HI'H (S), commonly called lirlmftont, is a solid olein 

 non-metallic body, which has been known from tho most n 

 antiquity. The former term is derived from jM/salt, and itu,i lin : tlir 

 latter bmntatone or barntlone, both iu allusion to ita well-known pro- 

 perty of ready inflammability. It is met with in the m.l in 

 various foniis of combination : tlnn it N found combined with 

 numerous metals and in immense quantity with iron, forming the 

 sulphide and bisulphide ; with copier, I. ,i,l, antimony, &c., constituting 

 the principal ores of these metals : it is also found largely combined 

 with oxygen, forming sulphuric acid, which in generally uniVcd with an 

 earthy base, a* with lime, constituting sulphate of lime, or gyi 

 and with baryta, strontia, and magnesia, givuig rise to the sulphates of 

 those bases. It occurs also, but in smaller quantity, and principally 

 in mineral waters, such as those of Harrowgate, combined with 

 hydrogen, the compound being sulphuretted hydrogen gas, or hydro- 

 sulphuric acid. Sulphur is a constituent of some animal lubstam 

 albumen, urine, &c. It is found also in certain plants : in the i, 

 order Liliacea, as in garlic; Cruciferai,eta in mustard ; and Umltili 

 as in Atafntnlu. 



The chief source of this element is native tuljikur, the most remark- 

 able deposits of which occur in Sicily, whence an immense quantity is 

 imported into this country. It occurs also in the fissures of la\ 

 the craters of volcanoes, in Italy, Guadaloupe, Nevis, Iceland, and tin- 

 volcanoes of the Cordilleras. [Svi.i'iiuii, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Sulphur is separated from the grosser impurities by crude processes 

 of fusion and distillation, performed soon after it is collected. That 

 sent to Great Britain is, however, finally purified in this countiy, and 

 bos different forms given to it according to circumstances. What is 

 called retiited sulphur is that puriticd by distillation in a large cast iron 

 still, and condensed in a receiver kept cool When the vaporised 

 sulphur is condensed in a largo chamber, it has the form of p 

 and is called tublinled tulpliur orjivweri of tulphur ; but as the walls of 

 the chamber get hot, the sulphur melts, collects on the floor, and is 

 run off into wooden moulds, the product being roll or flick .</,,/</-. 

 The residue iu the retort still contains sulphur, and, under the name 

 of tulphur tirum or llwk mil/i/mr, is occasionally used as a cattle 

 medicine and for dressing mouldy hops. 



Precipitated tulphur or milk of sulphur, is a finely divided i. 

 the element thrown down on adding a strong solution of polysulphide 

 of calcium, sodium, or potassium to dilute hydroi-lilori<- a, -id ; sulphuric 

 acid is sometimes used instead of hydroculoric, sulphate of lim 

 thereby precipitated along with the sulphur, and the weight 

 latter thus fraudulently increased. This adulteration may readily I.e 

 detected on heating a little of the suspected specimen, wh. 

 sulphur being volatile will be expelled, and tin.- sulphat. 

 behind. The microscope also will at once detect the I'al 

 the sulphur has a tine granular appearance, while the gypsmo 

 well defined crystals. 



Sulpli imrs prepared from iron pyrites (I'VSJ, by distil- 



lation. One third of the sulphur present in the ore is volatile 

 condensed in the usual way, while magnetic pyrites iI'V.s,) remains in 

 the retort. Sulphide of copper is also a source of sulphur, th 

 being a sort of bye product, although an important one, in the pre- 

 liminary roasting ..p ( i.ni,.n~ .nucetcd with copper liinch 



.Sulphur has already been refeired to [ALLOTBO1 

 three allotropic states. The first form (So) is that of an oct. 

 crystal with a rhombic base, and is the condition in which it occurs in 

 nature. It i i obtained in the same form, but more trans. 



parent on allowing its solution in chloride of sulphur or bisulpi 

 carbon to evaporate spontaneously ; its sjiecific gravity is :>-OS, and it 

 fuses at 23!)" Kahr. The second form (S0) occur* in Iran-; 

 acicular cryUls of dark yellow colour. To obtain it, a quantity of 

 sulphur is melted and slowly cool. -4; when (he outer portion 

 solidified, holes are made in tho crust, and the still liquid sulphur in 

 the interior is poured out ; on breaking open tho shell its" in 

 will be found to contain the needles in question. They are not ]K-I- 

 manent, but soon change into the light yellow temi-opaque sulphur (at ; 

 tile acicular form U, however, still retained, although each n. . 

 congeries of minute rhombic oetohedra. Much heat during 



the transformation. Tho third state (Sj.) is very peculiar, and is 

 brought about as follows : The fusing-point of sulphur U 23'.' 

 between this and 280 it possesses the highest degree of fluidity : at 

 820" it begins to thicken, and at 4^2 is so tenacious, that it wi 11 .- 

 flow from on inverted vessel; from this to 600, which is its boiling- 

 point, it again becomes liquid, but not so perfectly no its at 280. If 

 now it be poured into water it becomes a brown pusty mass, which 

 readily receives and retains any form given to it, and hence is employed 

 in taking cost*. Magnus has shown that this deepening in colour is 



