ADVERTISEMENT. 



THIS Division of " THE ENGLISH CYCLOPAEDIA " " THE CYCLOPAEDIA OF ARTS AND SCIENCES " now 

 completed in Eight Volumes, completes the entire work in Twenty-Two Volumes. The Three Divisions 

 previously published, are " THE CYCLOPEDIA OF GEOGRAPHY," 4 Volumes ; " THE CYCLOPAEDIA OF BIO- 

 GRAPHY," 6 Volumes; " The CYCLOPEDIA OF NATURAL HISTORY," 4 Volumes. 



Without any unreasonable pretension, " THE ENGLISH CYCLOPEDIA," as a Dictionary of universal 

 information, may be truly called Hie only Complete Cyclopaedia of Reference in our Language. Its i lerit is not 

 to be sought in a limited number of elaborate Treatises, to the comparative neglect of details which the 

 Student looks for in a Cyclopaedia. The alphabetical arrangement has constant regard to the connexion of 

 each article with other articles as part of a system. Although the number of Contributors is very large, the 

 general uniformity has been preserved, chiefly by the circumstance that every portion is an original contribution 

 expressly written for " THE PENNY CYCLOPEDIA," or for " THE ENGLISH CYCLOPEDIA," which is founded 

 upon that work, and that no portion has been hastily adopted from old Cyclopaedias. The able and laborious 

 Editor of " The Penny Cyclopaedia," Mr. Long, who constantly bore in mind the necessary connexion of 

 parts with the whole, was enabled to secure the aid of a large number of the most eminent men of the time. 

 The Conductor of " The English Cyclopaedia " has been fortunate in obtaining the assistance of a body of 

 new Contributors and Revisers, who, in their several departments, have supplied what was wanting to make 

 this work as complete and as accurate as can be expected in an undertaking so extensive. No expense has 

 been spared in securing the aid of gentlemen best qualified to produce a work of the highest claim to public 

 support, a Cyclopaedia worthy of the country and of the age. 



'' THE CYCLOPEDIA OF ARTS AND SCIENCES " may be regarded as a work essentially complete in itself. 

 It has been produced the last in the Series, that nothing of new invention and discovery in Science, nothing 

 of progressive improvement in the Arts, might be omitted. The Cyclopaedias of the previous century were 

 strictly Dictionaries of Arts and Sciences. They included no names of persons or of places. Their Natural 

 History was directed to the uses of vegetable and animal substances rather than to their scientific characters. 

 In these practical objects our " Cyclopaedia of Arts and Sciences " follows in the steps of these early works, 

 upon which all Cyclopaedias, with the exception of " The Penny Cyclopaedia," have been founded. But its 

 range is far more universal. The difficulty of obtaining completeness in this age of rapid progress is far 



