133 



TEMPLE, SOLOMON'S. 



TKMPLE, SOLOMON'S. 



ASIATIC GIIKKK. 



Ephesus . . 

 Miletus . 



Artemis . . 

 Apollo Didymseus 



Magnesia . . ; Artemis . 

 Priene . . 'Athene Polias . 



Teoj . . . Dionysos 

 Samos . . Hers 



Ionic 



Ionic 



Ionic 

 Ionic 



Ionic 

 . Ionic 



Dccastyle, dipteral, hypjetbral, ; columns 60 feet high ; one of the largest Grecian temples, being 



220 x 425 feet. Ctesiphon and Metagenes, architects. Date about 340 B.C. 

 Decastyle, dipteral, hyprethral, 164 x 303 feet. Columns 9J diameters. Pteonius, architect. 



A peribolos. 



Octastyle, pseudo-dipteral, 106 x 198 feet. Hermogenes, architect. - 

 Hexastyle, peripteral, 64x116 feet. Pytheas, architect, about 340 B.C. The order the best 



example of Asiatic Ionic. This temple had a peribolos and propyleeon ; the latter tetrastyle, 



with two ro\vs of square pillars within. 



Ilexastyle, peripteral. Hermogenes, architect ; about the time of Alexander the Groat. 

 Decastyle, dipteral, 189x346 feet. 



ROMAN. 



measurements and other particular* stated in it may not exactly aocord 

 with other accounts of the respective (structures ; for no great ia 

 frequently the discrrpaucy between different authorities, whether 

 writer* or delineators and restorers, that it ia impossible to obtain com- 

 plete accuracy. 



The above table might be rendered more copious and greatly 

 extended ; and it might also have been differently arranged in several 

 ways, each of which would have had something to recommend it, 

 according to the purpose for which it may happen to be consulted. 

 Chronological ordt-r, for instance, if the respective dates could be 

 ascertained with tolerable accuracy, may be considered preferable by 

 some persons ; or the buildings might have been classified according to 

 the number of columns in front, and as being in a(w, pruityk, peri- 

 pteral, &c. ; or. else according to their relative size and dimensions. In 

 fact a separate table is required for each mode of classification and 

 arrangement ; but as that could not be done, we have adopted what we 

 consider the most satisfactory upon the whole. We may however 

 . it in some measure more complete by here pointing out that 

 the deciittyle examples mentioned in it are the Temple of Jupiter, 

 Atliriis; Artemis, Kpheaus; Apollo, Miletus; Hera, Samoa; Venus 

 :u 1. 1 Koma, Rome; and the great temple at Baalbee. As regards 

 <liniou.il.. in and relative size, the following are the largest structures, 

 namely : 



Width of Front. Length. 



F.phesus 110 feet 41} feet 



Agrigentum, Great Temple . . . 182 , 369 ,, 



Sclinus, Great Temple .... ISO , 390 



Venus and Roma 116 , 350 



Athens, Parthenon .... 100 , 228 ,, 



Temple of Jupiter 96 , 259 ,, 



By way of affording a standard of comparison, we add the dimen- 

 sions of St. Paul's, London, and La Madeleine, at Paris, namely : the 

 ' ; the other 188 by 32S feet. 



TKMl'LK, SDl.oMuVS. For 447 years after the Hebrews had 

 entered the land of Canaan they continued to worship at the tabernacle 

 which had been framed for their use in the Wilderness. [TABERNACLE.] 

 The incongruity of a settled people having only a tent for the celebra- 

 i their splendid ritual service first occurred to the mind of David. 

 It appeared unseemly to him that the Ark of God should still " dwell 

 between curtains," while he abode himself in " a house of cedar," and 

 he therefore proposed to build a temple in which the worship of Qod 

 might be more becomingly conducted (1 Chron., xvii. 1). The prophet 

 .M was however commissioned to inform him that having been 

 nggnd in constant warfare, and shed much human blood, he couid 

 not b allowed to execute the design he had formed, which was to be 

 reserved for the peaceful reign of his son Solomon. This undertaking 

 was however a principal subject of David's thought and care during 

 the remainder of his reign ; and to it he appropriated a large propor- 



tion of the immense treasure which his many victories produced. He 

 may be said to have provided all, or nearly all, the materials before 

 his death ; consisting of large but variously estimated quantities of 

 gold and silver, brass and iron, stone and timber. He also secured tlu> 

 services of skilful mechanics and artificers for every branch of the 

 work, and furnished the design, plan, and site of the building ; so that 

 more of the credit of this work seems due to David than to Solomon 

 (1 Chron., xxi. ; xxii. ; xxviii. 11-19). 



The foundation of the Temple was laid in B.C. 101 2, being the fourth 

 year of Solomon's reign ; and in seven years and a half it was com- 

 pleted. During this time 183,600 persons were employed on the 

 work. Of Jews there were 30,000 serving by rotation of 10,000 

 monthly ; and of Canaanites there were 153,600, of whom 70,000 were 

 labourers, 80,000 hewers of wood and stone, and 3600 overseers of the 

 others. To save the labour of carriage, the parts were all prepared for 

 use at a distance from the site of the building, and when they were 

 brought together, the structure was reared without the sound of 

 hammers, axes, or tools of iron (1 Kings, vi. 7). 



The site of Solomon's Temple was the summit of Mount Moriah, 

 one of the eminences on which Jerusalem stood. This eminence rose 

 to no great height within the city, but was high and steep above the 

 valley of the Kedron, which it overlooked. It faced the Mount of 

 Olives. The .Mosque of Omar now occupies the same site; and the 

 imposing figure which it makes in every view of Jerusalem shows that 

 a more advantageous situation could not have been chosen. The top 

 of the hill was levelled, and the sides banked up to afford a sufficient 

 area. This area was divided into two (but in Herod's temple three) 

 courts, in the outermost of which stood the people. It was separated 

 by a low wall (or, as some think, by a latticed fence or trellis) 'from 

 the inner court, called the Court of the Priests, in which was the 

 great altar of burnt offerings, and where the priests and Levitts 

 officiated in view of the people, and in front of the holy house, or 

 proper temple. The proper temple, as previously indicated, was an 

 oblong building. It was 70 cubits in length, 20 iu width, and 30 in 

 height : this last was however only the elevation of the house or holy 

 place, for the innermost sanctuary was but 20 cubits high ( 1 Kings, vi. 

 20) ; and although the porch (pronaos) is said, in 1 Chron., iii. 4, to 

 have been 120 cubits high, or four times the height of the main 

 building, the numbers iu that text are now generally admitted to be 

 corrupted : 20 cubits, which we find iu the ancient versions, is 

 probably the true number ; being the same height as the sanctuary. 

 The porch covered the breadth of the building 20 cubits, and was 10 

 cubits deep: the holy place was 40 cubits long by 20 wide; the 

 sanctuary was a perfect square of 20 cubits. The building fronted the 

 east. Along the north and south sides, and the west end of the 

 structure, was an upper story, or gallery of wood, and certain buildings 

 called '' side chambers," in three stories, each five cubits high. This 

 made 1 5 cubits of total elevatiou, which was not more than half the 



