Mi 



TREASURY. 



TREATIES, CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF. 



paid to them. This has been directed by an order in council in order 

 to prevent the destruction of such objects for the mere value of the 

 material. 



TREASURY, a department of the British government which controls 

 the management, collection, and expenditure of the public revenue. It 

 is the business of another department, the Exchequer, to take care 

 that no issues of public money are made by the Treasury without their 

 being in conformity with the authority specially enacted by parliament. 

 When money is to be paid on account of the public service, this is 

 almost always done on the authority of a Treasury warrant ; and in 

 other eases tie countersign of the Treasury U requisite. The Board of 

 Treasury consists of the prime minister and the chancellor of the 

 Exchequer. The real office which the premier holds is generally that 

 of first lord of the Treasury. There ore also four junior lords, who 

 have usually seats in parliament, as have also the two joint secretaries 

 of the Treasury. The departments immediately subordinate to the 

 Treasury are the boards of Customs and of Trade, and the Poet-Office, 

 the various officers in which are to a great extent appointed by the 

 lords of the Treasury ; and this constitutes an important part of 

 the patronage of the ministry. The duties of the Board of Treasury 

 are heavy and multifarious, all exceptional cases in matters relating 

 to the revenue being referred to it. The offices of the Treasury 

 are in Whitehall The first lord of the Treasury receives 5000/. 

 a-year; two secretaries of the Treasury receive 2500/. a-year each, 

 and the assistant-secretary 20002. a-year ; the solicitor of the Treasury 

 receives 28502. a-year; four commissioners of the Treasury receive 

 12002. a-year each; and other officers receive sums varying from 

 !''/. to 1500/. each. 



TREATIES, CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF. A treaty (imme- 

 diately from the French traitf) means literally that which has been 

 drawn up, or, in other words, arranged and agreed upon, by two in- 

 more parties, who are accordingly called the contracting parties. It is 

 in fact the same word ith contract. The term in its several variations 

 is now employed by most of the nations of Europe by the Italians, 

 the Spaniards, the Germans, the Dutch, &c., as well as by the English 

 and the French to designate the conventions or agreements which 

 governments make with one another. By the Romans a treaty was 

 commonly called foetlut, a word of unknown or uncertain etymology. 

 From f'*<lnt we have formed our federation, confederacy, &c. 



Although a treaty is commonly defined to be an agreement made 

 with one another by two or more governments, it is not necessary that 

 the party to a treaty should always be an absolutely sovereign and 

 independent power or political society. Communities, or even indi- 

 viduals, which are subjects in many or in all other respects, may be 

 empowered to enter into treaties. Such engagements, however, ore for 

 the most part only to be depended upon so long as they are for the 

 advantage of the one party as well as of the other. Hence the best 

 and most durable treaty is always that which is the fairest and the 

 most equal. But the main purpose and utility of a treaty, after all, is 

 not that it may secure certain advantages to either party, but that it 

 makes clear and fixes those relations between the two which would 

 otherwise remain obscure, indeterminate, and subject to continual mis- 

 conception or controversy. 



We proceed to give a Chronological Table of the more important 

 treaties between the principal civilised nations, beginning with that of 

 1217, the first formal treaty of England, and stating briefly the chief 

 objects of each. 



1217, Sept. 11. Treaty at Kingston between Louis of France and 

 the Regent in the name of Henry HI., by which Louis abandoned his 

 attempt on the English crown. 



1274. Treaty between Edward I. and Guy Earl of Flanders. This 

 is the first recorded commercial treaty of England. There had been a 

 petty quarrel with the Flemings, chiefly between the fishermen of the 

 two countries ; and England had prohibited the exportation of wool, 

 to the great detriment of the manufactures of the Flemings. These 

 differences were accommodated by this treaty ; but fresh ones broke 

 out apparently, as treaties of commerce with Flanders are frequent 

 after this prril. 



1308. Commercial treaty with Portugal, and in the same year another 

 with Spain. Ferdinand of Castile wishing for a " mutual free corre- 

 spondence " between bis subjects and England, and Dionysius of Por- 

 tugal desiring to " strengthen the agreement and correspondence 

 already on foot between the merchants of both nations." 



1828. Treaty of Northampton with Robert Bruce, by which the 

 independence of Scotland was recognised. 



1356. The Golden Bull, a convention of the German sovereign 

 princes, settled at X urn berg, by which the mode of electing the Em- 

 peror was determined. 



I860, May 8. Peace of Bretigny, near Chartrcs, between England and 

 France, whereby England retained Gascony and Quienne, acquired 

 Saintonge, Agenois, Perigord, Limosin, Bigorre, Angoumois, and Ro- 

 vergne, and renounced her pretensions to Maine, Anjou, Toursine, and 

 Normandy ; England was also to receive 3,000,000 crowns, and to 

 release King John, who had been long prisoner in London. 



1381, Aug. 8. Treaty of Turin, between Venice and Genoa. 



1390. Treaty between the Sultan Bajazet and the Greek Emperor, 

 John Paleologus. 



1420, May 21. Treaty of Troyes, between England, France, and 



Burgundy, stipulating that Henry V. should marry Catherine, daughter 

 of Charles VI., be appointed Regent of France, and after the death of 

 Charles should inherit the crown. 



1423, April 17. Treaty at Amiens between England and Burgundy. 



1435, Sept. 22. Treaty of Arras between France and Burgundy. 



1488. The Pragmatic Sanction settled in France, regulating the 

 election of bishops, and moderating the power of the pope. 



1 453. The first alliance entered into between the French and Swiss. 

 I A league, designated " For the public good," formed between 

 the Dukes of Burgundy, Brittany, and Bourbon, and others, against 

 Louis XI. of France. 



1465. Treaty of Conflans, between Louis XI. and the chiefs of the 

 above league. 



1468. Treaty of Peronne, between Charles Duke of Burgundy and 

 Louis XI., who was forced to confirm the stipulations of Arras and 

 Conflans. 



1475. The Peace of Picquini, concluded between Edward IV. of 

 England and Louis XI. of France. 



1475. Charles the Bold, of Burgundy, concluded a treaty with the 

 French king, but speedily afterwards leagued against him with 

 Edward IV. <if Kngland, and the Duke of Brittany. Louis XI.. on the 

 other hand, entered into a treaty with the Switzers, and succeeded 

 ultimately in becoming on ally of England. 



1482. The Treaty of Arras, between Maximilian of Austria, the 

 husband of Mary of Burgundy, and Louis XI. of France, whereby 

 Margaret, daughter of the former, was espoused to the dauphin, son of 

 the latter, with Artois and Burgundy as a dowry. 



1497. Treaty between England and Scotland, by which Perkin 

 Warbeck was compelled to quit the latter kingdom. 



1601. Treaty between Louis XII. of France and Ferdinand of Sj-iiin, 

 for the division of the kingdom of Naples. 



1508, December 10. The League of Cambray against the repuMii- !' 

 Venice, comprising the Pope, the Emperor, and the kings of France and 

 Spain. 



1510. Holy League against Louis XII. of France. 



1514. France obliged to sue for peace, which was obtained from the 

 Pope, by promising to abolish the Pragmatic Sanction ; from the King 

 of Spain, by uniting his grandson, the Duke of Ferrara, to 1. 

 daughter of the King of France ; and from England, by Louis XII. 

 espousing Mary, sister of Henry VIII. 



1516, August 16. The Treaty of Noyon. 



1525. A Treaty concluded between France and England. 



1526. Concord of Madrid. Francis I., to release himself from cap- 

 tivity, signed a treaty with Charles V., surrendering Burgundy, Artois, 

 Flanders, &c., and renouncing all pretensions to Italy. 



1527. A Treaty of mutual obligation entered into between France 

 and England ; and in the same year a fresh treaty, fur the purpose of 

 carrying war into Italy to restore the Pope to liberty. 



1529, August 5. The Peace of Cambray. 



1529, December 31. The League of Smalcald in Franconia, entered 

 into between the Elector of Brandenburg and other princes of 

 Germany, in defence of Protestantism. 



15:12, June 23. A new Treaty of Alliance ratified between the kings 

 of England and France. 



1532, August 2. The Treaty of Numberg ratified. 



1538, June 18. Treaty of Nice, between Francis I. and Charles V. 



1544. League between England and the Emperor Charles V. against 

 France, shortly after which peace was concluded with France, and 

 signed at Creasy in Valois. 



1548, May 15. The Interim grouted by the Emperor Charles V. to 

 the Protestants of Germany. 



1549. Peace ratified between France and England. Boulogne restored 

 to France. 



1551, October 5. Treaty of Friedwald, between France and tho 

 Protestant princes of Germany. 



1552, January 15. Treaty of Chambord, confirming the league 

 between France and the Protestant princes of Germany. 



1552, August 12. Treaty of Passau, ratified between Charles V. 

 and the Protestant princes of Germany. Freedom of religion estab- 

 lished. 



1655. Peace of Religion concluded at Augsburg, a confirmation of 

 the Treaty of Passau, establishing the free exercise of the Protestant 

 religion. 



1556. England entered into an alliance with Spain against France. 



1659. Peace of Cateau Cambresis, between France, Spain ami I'iol- 

 mont. France ceded Savoy, Corsica, and nearly 200 forts in Italy and 

 tho Low Countries. 



1560. Peace ratified between England, France, and Scotland. 



1561. Treaty of Wilna, between the Northern 1'uwers. 

 1564, April 29. Peace ratified between France and England. 

 1570. Peace of St. Germain. 



1570. December 13. Peace of Stettin, between Sweden and Den- 

 mark. 



1571. Spain, Venice, and the Pope combine against the Turks, who 

 were endeavouring to subdue Cyprus. 



1572. Peace concluded between England and France. 



1576. November 8. Pacification of Ghent, by which foreign troops 

 were expelled from the Netherlands and the Inquisition abolished. 



