345 



TREATIES, CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF. 



TREATIES, CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF. 



346 



1576. The League begins in France. 



1579, January 22. The Union of Utrecht, formed by Holland, 

 Utrecht, Zealand, Friesland, and Guelderland, by which the republic 

 of Holland was constituted. Overyssel joined in 1580, and Groningen 

 in 1594. 



1598, May 2. Peace ratified at Vervins between France and Spain. 

 Spain restores her conquests of Calais, Amiens, &c. 



1603. A Treaty between James I. of England and Henry IV. of 

 France, in order to support the States-General of Holland. 



1604, August 18. Peace between England and Spain ratified. 



1609, April 4. A Truce of twelve years between the Spaniards and 

 Dutch. 



1610. Treaty of Halle, between the Protestant princes of the empire. 

 1610. League of Wiirzburg, between the Roman Catholic princes 



of the empire. 



1613. Peace of Siorod, concluding a war of two years between 

 Sweden and Denmark. 



1619. Peace between France and Spain. Marriage of Louis XIII. 

 with Anne of Austria, infanta of Spain. 



1620, July 3. Peace of Ulm, by which Frederic V. lost Bohemia. 

 1626. League of the Swedes, Dutch, and the Protestant princes of 



Germany, against the Emperor. 



1629, April 14. Peace ratified with France. 



1629, May 22. Peace of Lubeck, between the Emperor and King of 

 Denmark. 



1 630. League of France with the Protestant princes of Germany, 

 Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, and Holland, against the house of 

 Austria, in Germany and Spain. 



1630. England also acceded to the above alliance, with a view of 

 procuring the restoration of the Elector Palatine. 



1630, October 13. Peace of Uatisbon, between France and the 

 Emperor, terminating the war for the Mantuan succession. 



1630, November 27. Peace proclaimed between England and Spain. 



1631, January 13. Subsidising alliance of France with Sweden. 

 1631, April. Alliance of Leipzig, between the Elector of Saxony 



and the Protestant princes. 



1631. Treaty of Chierasco, by which the Duke of Nevers finally 

 takes possession of his Mautuan territories. 



1633, March. Treaty of Heilbron, between Sweden and the Northern 

 Protestant states of Germany, after the death of Gustavus Adolphus. 



1635, February 28. Alliance between France and Holland. 



1635, May 30. Peace of Prague, between the Emperor and the 

 Elector of Saxony. 



1648, January 30. Peace of Minister, between Spain and the Dutch. 

 Independence of Holland fully recognised. 



1648, October 24. The Peace of Westphalia signed at Miinster and 

 at Osnaburg, between France, the Emperor, and Sweden ; Spain con- 

 tinuing the war against France. By this peace the principle of a 

 balance of power in Europe was first recognised, and the independence 

 of the republics of Switzerland and the United Provinces of the 

 Netherlands recognised. 



1654, April 5. Peace ratified between the Dutch and the Common- 

 wealth of England. 



1655, November 3. Articles of Peace signed between England and 

 France. 



1656, November 10. Treaty of Liebau, which annulled the feudal 

 subjection of the duchy of Prussia to the crown of Sweden. 



1657, March 23. Treaty of Alliance between England and France 

 against Spain. 



1657, May 27. Alliance of Vienna, between Poland, Denmark, and 

 the Emperor, against Sweden. 



1059, May 21. Treaty of the Hague, between England, France, and 

 Holland, to maintain the equilibrium of the North. 



1659, November 7. Peace concluded between France and Spain, by 

 the Treaty of the Pyrenees. 



1660, May 3. The Peace of Oliva ratified between Sweden, Poland, 

 Prussia, and the Emperor. Eathonia and Livonia given up to Sweden. 



1660, May 27. Peace of Copenhagen, between Sweden and Den- 

 mark. 



1681, June 23. Treaty of Alliance between England and Portugal. 



1663. France entered into a defensive alliance with Holland and 

 Switzerland. 



lt>64, September 7. The Truce of Temeswar concluded between 

 Turkey and Germany. 



1666, January 26. The Danes entered into a league with the Dutch 

 against England. 



lt;07, July 25. Peace of Breda concluded between England, France, 

 Holland, and Denmark. 



1668, January 23. A Treaty of Alliance ratified between the States- 

 General and England against France, for the protection of the Spanish 

 Netherlands ; Sweden afterwards joining the league : it was known as 

 the Triple Alliance. 



1668, February 13. Peace of Lisbon concluded between Spain and 

 Portugal through the mediation of England. Independence of Portugal 

 acknowledged by Spain. 



1668, May 2. Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, between France and Spain, 

 signed. France yields Franche Comtc, but retains her conquests in 

 the Netherlands. 



1669, May 7. Treaty of the Hague, between Holland and Portugal : 

 the Dutch allowed to retain their conquests in India. 



1672. Treaty between France and England (February 12), and 

 Sweden (April 14), against Holland. 



167'2, August 30. An Alliance entered into between the Emperor, 

 Spain, and Holland, against France. 



1673, June 16. Peace of Vossem, between the Elector of Branden- 

 burg and France ; the former engaging not to assist the Dutch. 



lt>74, February 19. Peace of Westminster, between England and 

 Holland. 



1678, January 10. Treaty concluded betwesu England and Holland, 

 by which Holland detached Charles II. from the interests of France. 



1678, August 10. Peace of Nimeguen concluded between France and 

 Holland. Spain accedes to the peace September 17, giving up 

 Franche Comte', &c. ; the Emperor on February 5 following ; and 

 Sweden on March 29. 



1679, June 29. Peace of St. Germain en Laye concluded between 

 France, Sweden, and the Elector of Brandenburg. 



1679, September 2. Peace of Fontainebleau, between France and 

 Denmark. 



1683, March 31. Alliance of Warsaw, between Austria and Poland, 

 against Turkey, hi pursuance of which John Sobieski assisted in 

 raising the siege of Vienna, on Sept. 12. 



1684, August 15. Truce of Ratisbon concluded by France with 

 Spain and the empire, terminating the war of the previous year. 



1686. League of Augsburg entered into by Holland and other 

 European powers for the purpose of causing the treaties of Miinster 

 and Nimeguen to be fulfilled on the part of France. 



1689, May 12. The Grand Alliance signed at Vienna between 

 England, the 'Emperor, and the States-General ; to which Spain and 

 the Duke of Savoy afterwards acceded. 



1696, August 29. The Duke of Savoy quitted the coalition, and 

 entered into a treaty with France. 



1697, September 20. Peace of Ryswick, between France, England, 

 Spain, and Holland ; signed by Germany October 30. 



1698, October 11. First Treaty of Partition signed between France, 

 England, and Holland, for the purpose of regulating the succession of 

 the territories of the King of Spain. 



1699, January 26. Peace of Carlowitz, between Turkey and Ger- 

 many, Poland, Russia, and Venice. 



1700, March 13. Second Treaty of Partition between France, 

 England, and Holland, declaring the Archduke Charles presumptive 

 heir of the Spanish monarchy. 



1701, September 7. England and Holland conclude a formal alliance 

 at the Hague, to resist the claim of Philip of Anjou, to which almost 

 all the European states successively accede. 



1703. The Methuen Treaty, between England and Portugal, prin- 

 cipally for the regulation of commerce. 



1706, September 24. Peace of Alt Radstadt, between Charles XII. 

 of Sweden and Augustus of Poland. 



1711, July 2. Peace of Falczi concluded between Russia and Turkey, 

 the Russians giving up Azof and all their possessions on the Black Sea 

 to the Turks ; in the following year the war was renewed, and ter- 

 minated by the Peace of Constantinople, April 16, 1712. 



1713, April 11. Peace of Utrecht, signed by the ministers of Great 

 Britain and France, as well as of all the other allies, except the 

 ministers of the empire. The most important stipulations of this 

 treaty were the security of the Protestant succession in England, the 

 disuniting the French and Spanish crowns, the destruction of Dunkirk, 

 the enlargement of the British colonies and plantations in America, 

 and a full satisfaction for the claim* of the allies. Spain also granted 

 to Great Britain the privilege of supplying Spanish America with 

 negro slaves. This is the Assiento treaty. 



1713, April 17. The Emperor Charles VI. published the Pragmatic 

 Sanction, whereby, in default of male issue, his daughters should 

 succeed in preference to the sons of his brother Joseph I. 



1713, July 13. The Treaty of Utrecht signed by Spain, which 

 included the Assiento contract. 



1714, March 6. Peace of Radstadt, between France and the Emperor 

 of Germany. 



1714, September 7. Peace of Baden, between France and the 

 Emperor of Germany. Landau ceded to France. 



1715, November 15. The Barrier Treaty signed at Antwerp, by the 

 British, the Imperial, and Dutch ministers. Low countries ceded to 

 the Emperor of Germany. 



1717, January 4. The Triple Alliance of the Hague, between France, 

 England, and Holland, to oppose the designs of Cardinal Alberoui, the 

 Spanish minister. 



1718, July 21. Peace of Passarowitz, between the Emperor, Venice, 

 and Turkey. 



1718, August 2. The Treaty of Alliance between Great Britain, 

 France, and the Emperor, signed at London. This alliance, on the 

 accession of the states of Holland, obtained the name of the Quadruple 

 Alliance, and was entered into to force the King of Spain to observe 

 the stipulations of the treaty of Utrecht. 



1718, November 18. The Duke of Savoy joined the Quadruple 

 Alliance, signing the treaty by his envoys at Whitehall. 



1719, November 20. Peace of Stockholm, between the King of 



