USINtiMKTKR. 



\ MAJOR. 



611 



fungi w the Ptmietii*m >Xa*s, cells of the feculent fungus, and 

 Yibrionw u>d monads. These UK! similar gtx>wtha arc evidently intro- 

 duced from without 



The following table*, from Dr. Oolding Bird's work on urinary 

 deposits, give the characters of the various kinds of deposits found in 

 the urine. 



TAIL! roa Ducovsaiiio IHI NATVII or USJXAKT Durosus IT CUUIICAI. 

 Buonrra. 



It consists of 



If the deposit be while, and triable by heat . . . Unto*. 

 Insoluble by heal, but ratable 



In anunonU . .... Cystine. 

 ,, iiHolnble by heat and """"'-. 1 Earthy phos- 



but soUUe in acetic acid . / phates. 

 soluble in ammonia and acetic I Oxalate, or oxa- 



acid ) lurate of lime. 



,, be coloured, and vinibly crystalline . . Uric acid. 



,, amorphous, but pale and 



readily soluble by beat . Urates. 



, be deeply coloured, amorphous, and slowly > Uratcs stained 

 soluble by hrat j by purpurine. 



TABU ran THE Miraoscoru EXAJUXATIOX or UBIXABT DEPOSITS. 



It consists of 

 If the depoait be amorphous, and disappear on the addition 



of liquor potass. U rates. 



If the deposit be vi-ibly crystalline, and the crystals octo- 



bedral Oxalate of lime. 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and the crystals hexa- 

 gonal tables, tolnble In ammonia 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and the crystals radiated 

 or foliaceon*, not soluble in ammonia, but soluble in acetic 

 acid with effervescence 



If the deport be vi.ibly eryatalllne, and the crystals radiated 

 or fuliaceous, not soluble in ammonia, but soluble in ucetlc 

 acid, without effervescence 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and tbe crystals be dumb- 

 bells, not soluble in ammonia, but soluble la acetic acid 

 with effervescence . . 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and the crystal* be dumb, 

 bells, soluble by heat, but not in ammonia nor acetic acid 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and the crystals be dumb, 

 bells, Insoluble by heat, ammonia, and acetic acid 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and the crystal* be dumb, 

 bells with fringed edges, insoluble in alcohol and acetic 

 acid, but soluble in liquor potass* 



If the deposit be visibly en stallinc, and the cryptals lozcnjre- 

 shaped or compound, insoluble in acetic acid and ammonia 



If the deposit be visibly crystalline, and the crystals spherical, 

 v Hh or without spicules, soluble by heat 



Crstlne. 



Carbonate of 



lime. 



Bibaslc triple 

 phoiphate. 



Csrbonatc of 

 lime. 



t'rate of soda. 



Oxalural? of 



I lime. 



Uric acid. 



Uric acid, 

 f rate of soda. 



As a summary of the courses and treatment of diseases indicated by 

 a disordered state of the urine, we give the following table, drawn up 

 by Dr. Marshall Hall, premising that considerable advance has been 

 made in our knowledge of urinary deposits since the table was 

 drawn up. 



CAUSES. 



Errors in diet. 



Fstigue. 



Dyspepsia. 



Arthritis. 

 Dentition. 



, I. The Lithic. 



I. Diathesis. 



II. Amorphous Deposits. 

 III. Crystals or Gravel. 



( Urine Acid, from the Supcrlithate 

 \ of Ammonia. 



I. Lithatc of Ammonia, frequently 



mixed with the 



II. I.ithatea of Soda and Lime. 

 Litbic Acid, nearly pure. 

 ( I. Tbe Lithic Acid. 



I *.- n ft 1 I- SB, ? ** *'< *JlWI; MSM 



LIT. concretion, or Calculi.' \ _ The Lithatc of Ammonia. 



An intermediate station 



*~> 



OxalateofLime 



1. Irritability \ of the ") 



2. Debility (System. 



3. sickly Childhood. ', 



4. ' Breaking np ' of tbe I 



SytUm. 



5. Injuries of the Spine. J 



I IV. Calculus. 



I. Diathesis. 



II. Amorphous Deposits. 



III. Crystals or Gravel. 



IV. Concretions or Calculi.* 



Urine nearly natural. 



The Mulberry, or Ucmpsccd. 



TUKATMKXr. 



Whole-Mini' i 



Mild Aperient, especially Kochclle 



Mild Mercurials. 

 The Alkalies. 

 M.i ,'i: 



urn Lancet. 



Anliuhlogi I 



Mild Apcrieuf, not the Itochclle 



Salts. 



Mild, wholesome Diet. 

 The muriatic Acid. 



{Urine Alkaline and abounding in ("1. Strict lU 

 the Phosphates, 



I. Triple Phosphate (of Magnesia 



and Ammonia), mixed with ^ 4 

 II. Phosphate of Lime. 

 Triple Phosphate. 5 



I 2. Mild Aperients as Rhubarb. 

 3. Opium ; Hyoi-cyamus, &c. 



The Uva Um ; the Alchcmilla 



arvcnsi-. Arc. 

 Rhenish or French Wines, Cider, 



Perry, Lcmo.iude, &c. 



1. The Triple Phosphate. 



1 . Triple Phos. \ 



II. The Mirt 



phate with 



or the 

 Fusible 



i. Phoiphate of I -TJ' " 

 ' 



Lime; 





Aroiiliuy. 



1. Alkalis. 



2. Salts, with a vegetab'e 



Acid, as Rochclle Salt. 

 I 3. Mercury. 



To these must be added 



II. The Muctd ; 



generally con- ( A Lithic acid, or Mulberry Xuclrut ; 

 \' 



Principles diuolttd 

 in the Urine. 



sisting cf 



Urea in excess. 



Sugar. 



Albumen. 



( The Lithatc of Ammoni.i ; 

 ( The Phosphates. 



I. Tbe Alternating ; 



generally con- j 



An External Crust or the tliztd Phosphates. sisting of 



A special plate is to be 1 _. ,..,:.. r-i...!! / These consist of 



allotted to / T " ( Phosphate of Lime alone. 



Lastly The Cystic Oxide ; the Xanthic oxide j the Carbonate of Lime ; the Fibrlne Calculi, arc all extremely rare. 



Urine of blidi Specific Gravity ; as 1-020. 1 Blood-letting. 

 ( Urine profuse; sp. gr. very high; at 1-050. 1 Mild Animal Diet. 

 ( Saccharine. j Opium. Dover's Powder. 



Urine coagulates by heat. { Warm Baths Carbonate of Iron. 



Scanty when from the Kidney 



P u i>rofu " whc *-"*' 



Blood. ( From C:llcultu > or D ' < ease, of the Kidney or Bladder. 



Diabetes intipidus ; 



Diabetes. 



Frequently Disease of the Kidney. 



Thi.se who wish to master the subject of urinary pathology should 

 study the work of Dr. Edmund Parks, ' On the Composition of the 

 Urine in Health and Disease,' 1860. It is one of the most masterly 

 works hitherto published on the urine. Dr. Oolding Bird's work ' On 

 Urinary Deposit* ; ' Dr. Beale's ' Treatise on the Microscope in Medi- 

 cine,' and his ' Illustrations of Urine, and Urinary Deposits,' should 

 also be consulted. Dr. Beale's ' Tables for the Practical, Chemical, 

 and Microscopical Examination of Urine, Urinary Deposits, and Calculi,' 

 will be found of great service. 



I!, an instrument for ascertaining the weight of 

 urine. It is constructed on the |>iiiid|>le ..f a common Imli 

 and consists of a glasjs tube, whi* h at it - lower extremity has two 

 bulbs, the lower one very small, containing a heavy substance, such as 

 mercury, and the other immediately above it much larger, and filled 

 with air. The tubular portion contains a scale denoting with curtain 

 figures the specific gravity, the uao of which will Iw illustrated l<\ the 

 following example : Suppose the water's edge cut the scale at figure 

 26, thru add that number to 1000. and the specific gravity will 

 toll 



UKN. 



UROEKYTHKIN. A red pigment in urine. 

 UROOLAUCIN. [UitoxAXTHix.] 

 UROUS ACID. [UBic GBOI-P.] 

 UROXANIC ACID. [Unic GROUP.] 



UROXANTHIN. A yellow colouring matter in urine, which by 

 oxidation is said to be converted into ruby-red, Urrhoidin, and blue 



riUtHOIDIN. [UROXANTHIN.] 



MiSA MA.IOUaml DB&A MIM'i: < tl,, i in ) r and Lesser I 

 two of the most remarkable constellations of the northern hemi.-i 

 the Utter as containing the polo star, or thu viable star which is 

 nearest to lln- n.MtlicTii ]"] i ill. |].;,V,HH; tli<: former from its well 

 known seven slam, 1 >y t wo of whii-li tlwpolaster is always readily found. 

 Them seven stars, which ore a, /3, y, t, t, (, and q of tbe constellation 

 Ursa Major, are disposed in tlic ionn of a quadrangle joined 

 of it* gl', nd with thin description it would In- 



ilitlicult to a\oiil finding them out. A line ilnuvn from /9 to o, the 

 two pointers, as they are called, pase through the Pole star v.h. n 

 continued : these two pointers being the stars of the quadrangle vhi< li 

 are farthest from the triangle. This Pole star (a I" me Miuorix > 



