WKX. 



MINSTER ASSEMBLY OF DP. 



-i 



There U no collection of Weigh printed book* approaching to com- 

 nlrtcnww. the beet in existence being probably that in the Britiih 

 Jluix-uin, which contain* an assemblage of magazine* and newspapers in 

 that language, to which, though far from perfect, it would >. difficult to 

 find a rival. Welsh books were flnt collected .v .in,. ilxint tin- 



year 1838, and the presentation nf the libraries of th.- \\Yl-li School, 

 and the Cyinmrodorion in 1843 made some augmentation to the stock. 

 Another Welsh collection of some extent U to bo fouiul v, ! 

 would scarcely be looked for, in the library of Brown I ' 

 Providence, in Ithode Island, to which it was bequeathed in 1818 by 

 the Rev. William Richards, of Lvnn, in Norfolk. Tho booka arc 

 enumerated in the excellent catalogue of that library published by 

 Professor Jewett. 



The bibliography of Wales waa first cultivated by the Rev. Moaea 

 Williams, the able and indefatigable antiquary, who has been men- 

 tioned as having nearly anticipated the ' Myvvn'm Aivhaiology.' Owen 

 says of him, in nia ' Cambrian Biography published nothing 



of consequence besides an index to the Welsh poets," but in this he 

 is mistaken. In addition to the ' Repertorium Poeticum, sive Pot-ma- 

 turn Wallicoruui, quotquot hacteuua videre contigit Index Alpha- 

 beticua' (London, 17-<>, Svo\ which contains an index of pieces of 

 Welsh poetry, according to their first lines, anil the fullest catalogue 

 of poets we have seen, Williams issued a ' Cofrestr o'r holl I/yfrau 

 Printiedig gan inwyaf a gyfansoddwyd vn y Jaith Gymrocg, neu 

 a gyfjeithwyd iddi, hyd y Flwyddyn 1717' (London, 1717, 8vo) 

 ' A catalogue of all the booka that have been printed, and several 

 that have been composed, in the UYl-h Language, or translated 

 into it, up to the year 1717.' This catalogue does not extend 

 to more than a single sheet, but it is very closely printed. The 

 original edition ia now very scarce, but the whole of it was reprinted 

 in the periodical entitled ' V Gwyliedydd,' for 1832. In the ' Uwlad- 

 garw^' for 1840 a list of Wcl.-h ])ublications is given, from the earliest 

 time to the year 1799 ; but, though valuable, it ia probably very 

 imperfect, as it omits even some of the works inserted in Williams's 

 catalogue. Tho number of articles it enumerates is 020, but these 

 include a few work* relating to Wales in other languages than tin 

 In the volume of the ' Traethodydd ' for 1S52, was commenced a 

 valuable series of articles on Welth bibliography, ' Llyfryddiacth y 

 Cymry,' containing not only the titles of the books but bibliographical 

 notes and observations, but it was not continued so long as biblio- 

 graphers would have desired. A work of the same kind in Knglish, 

 from the pen of the Rev. Robert Jones, of Rotherhithe, a scholar 

 eminently qualified for the task, was spoken of some time ago, but has 

 not yet appeared. A very useful bibliographical list of works on 

 Wales and its literature is to be found in the German work, ' Das 

 alte Wales,' (Bonn, 1859) by Ferdinand Walter, a continental scholar 

 who has lately studied the subject with German diligence. A biblio- 

 graphical periodical intended to be quarterly, 'The Cambrian Book 

 Register,' was commenced in June, 1857, by Mr. Pryse, a book.- 

 Llanidloes and Rhayader, but never advanced wt.- 1 jclicve beyond the 

 first number. 



The earliest attempt at a collection of Welsh lives is Owt n 1 

 ' Cambrian Biography, or Historical Notices of celebrated men among 

 the Ancient Britons (London, 1803, 12mo), but the notices are KO ex- 

 tremely brief, averaging four or five to a page, that the book can hardly 

 be regarded in any other Light than an index. The dates 

 tar from accurate. The 'Cambrian Plutarch ' of John Humllreys Parry 

 (London, 1824, Svo), a much more satisfactory, but embraces only 

 twenty-two lives. A biographical dictionary under the name of ' Lives 

 of Eminent Welshmen,' was commenced-in numbers in 1843 and com- 

 pleted in 1852, by the Rev. Robert Williams of Llangadwaladr. The 

 articles are too brief, and not so entertaining as they might have been 

 made by the use of the materials existing in Welsh; but the volume 

 ia indispensable in every Welsh library, and one to which we have 

 been much indebted in this general summary of the history of \\Yi-h 

 literature. 



U' r.X, the name of those tumours occurring on the human body 

 which assume the form of a bag or cyst, and contain a variety of 

 contents. These cysU have been named according to the character 

 of their content*. Wli-i. the contained matter resembles fat or suet, 

 the tumor ia called Xttntama ; when it resembles honey in con- 

 sistence, Melictru ; and when it U like a poultice or pap, it is called 

 AUteroma. These however are mere artificial distinctions, and can 

 seldom be satisfactorily applied. These tumours consist essentially of 

 serous or mucous bag varying in size, and the contents are of on 

 exceedingly varying and sometimes anomalous character. Those which 

 are commonly called wens, and which are usually situated inun 

 under the skin, are mostly enlargements of the sebaceous follicles 

 which naturally exist in the skin. Sir Astley Cooper says that in wens 

 a dark-coloured spot may be often teen on the skin in the centre of 

 the tumour, and such spot, be nays, is caused by the cons' 

 of the orifice of one of the sebaceous gland* of the skin. Sin 1 

 the origin of many of the cyst* of the mammu), which consist of 

 dilated lactiferous ducts. But thu U not the origin of many < f the 

 larger form* of enoytted tumours, an those of the ovary, &c.* There 

 are many forms of encysted tumour occurring in the internal viscera, 

 in which the lining membrane is composed of seruus tissue, as those of 

 th" liver, lungs, He. Those tumours also called ganglions, which occur 



within the sheaths of tendons, have a serous lining, but ought not to 

 be referred to under the character of wen*. 



The cysts of wens, especially those of the atheromatous V n 

 much in thickness. When situated on the head, back, ami 

 are very dense: but when on the face, often very thin. Sometimes 

 the cysts become hardened by the deposition of cartilaginous and even 

 owific matter. It is from this process that many of these cyst* have a 

 tendency to assume the hardness and even the form of horns. These 

 homy formations are however the result of the ulceration of the cyst, 

 and the horny matter U produced by the secretion from the walls of 

 the cyst. These horns mostly grow on the forehead or son 

 of the scalp. They are generally small, but instances are on rcc 

 ing eight 01 - long and two or three in cii 



In ordinary case* the cyst has only one cavity, but it not unfrc- 

 qucntly happens that there are partitions in it, dividing its interior 

 intocc!! ./ea, The contents of the cysts are, as 



stated, frequently very anomalous. Some are filled with a thin 

 brown fluid, mixed with flakes of the fibrinous parts of the 

 some contain serum ; some a matter of gelatinous consistence ; - 

 calcareous matter; some a block fluid; and others hair, teeth 



inces. Those continuing hair are mostly found in 

 the neighbourhood of the eyebrows or eyelids. 



On dissecting these tumours, gome part of their surface is found 

 lirinly adhering to the skin, while other parts are connected with it 

 by cellular membrane. The cyst is always more or less embedded in 

 cellular membrane. In some cases these cysts are congenital, and 

 persons who have them are frequently troubled with a great number 

 in various parts of their body. 



In the treatment of wena two modes may be had recourse to ; the 

 one by puncture, the other by removal When the cyst is am 

 presents a small black point on its centre, it may be opened ai i 

 contents pressed out, when it will sometimes get well. lint it 

 frequently happens when these tumours are punctured, that severe 

 inflammatory action is the result, so that painful suppuration occurs, 

 and life ia put in danger, and sometimes a bleeding fungus h: 

 traded itself through the aperture. The safest mode of treatm 

 the whole is to remove them with the knife, where their situation will 

 permit of it. When this is done, the cyst may either be dissected out 

 entire, or it may be cut into two halves, and each half may be dissected 

 out separately. In both cases great care should be taken to remove 

 the whole of the cvst. 



WEUST, or Vi'.KST, the Russian itinerary measure, being 

 English feet, or nearly two-thirds of a mile. From the 

 wersts subtract its third, and also one for ev, 

 result v. enough to the answer in Knglish miles. 



WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY OF D1YINLS. One ,,f fiv. 



h it was proposed by the Parliamentary ('ominisi-io'" 

 Ring (Charles I.) should give his consent in the negot 

 (from 30th January to 17th April, 1643) waa entitled ' A Bill for . 

 an Assembly of learned and godly Divin 



with by the Parliament for the settling of the government and 1 

 of the Church of England, and for the vindication and clearing 

 doctrine of the said church from false aspersions and int. 

 This bill was afu-rwards converted into ' An Ordinance of the ' 

 and Commons in Parliament,' and passed 12th June, 1>; I:',. 



The persons nominated in the ordinance to constitute the as- 

 consiatvd of a hundred and twenty -one clergymen, together \\ 

 lords and twenty commoners as lay assessors. Among the com- 

 moners were . I ohn ScMen, Francis Rouae, Sir Henr\ 

 junior, John (ilynii (the recorder of London), John Whyte, Bulstrode 

 Whiteloek, Sergeant Wild, Oliver St. John, John Pym. and John 

 Maynard. Among (he most distinguished of the clerical m-i 

 were, Dr. Ralph r.rownrigge, bishop of M\eler; Mr. Anthony ISurges 

 (considered (' : uny, Dr. I 



I'hcynel, Th m, Thomas Gal. 



Antoninus'), Dr. Thomas Goodwin, Dr. John 1 1 ,.,irds bishop 



of Lichlield), Dr. Jlin Light foot. Dr. Qeorge ICorley (afterwards bishop 

 of Winchester), Dr. William Nicho! Bishop of Glouces- 



ter), Philip \ye. Dr. John I'ridcaux (bishop of V, 

 Reynolds (afterwards bishop nf Norwich), Dr. Robert Sam: 

 (afterwards bishop of Lincoln), Dr. James t'shcr (archbish 

 Armagh), George Walker. Dr. Samuel Ward, and John Wallis (the 

 mathematician). Several other ] it. twenty in all 



appointed by the Parliament from time to time to supply vacancies 

 occasioned by death, secession, or otherwiae, who v 

 added divines. Finally, two lay assessors, John I. id U 

 Sir Archibald Johnson of Warriston, and four min .and. T 



'urgh. Samuel linlli. i ford ,.f 

 ircws, and Robert, Itaillii- of Cl.isi: , ,{ Sep- 



;ted to seats and votes in tin 

 from the Parliament as comn :.>m the Church i 



They had In i-li deputed by the I ielieral Assembly, to which bn'i 



to the nveiiiion of l>t;ite.-, c ars had bi 



from the two houses of the English Parliament, and also frnm the 

 Assembly of Divines, soliciting a union in the circumstances in which 

 they were placed. This negotiati 1 and 



ecclesiastical authorities of the two countries gave rise to the ^ 

 League and Covenant, which was drawn up by Henderson. 



