BIBLE. 



113 



BibL Hebr. Zulhch, 1741, 4to. R Hebr. Ever. vn fler Hooght, 

 Amat et Ultrajcct 1705, Svo, U a reprint of Athiu's edition of 1667. 

 Vn der Hooght'* reprint is famous for its accuracy. After thin B. I 

 Hebr. Sal. Ben Jo*. Proopt or Props, Anut 1724, Svo; B. Hebr. Lat. ' 

 (c. vtn. Seb. Schmidtiiv Life. 1740, 4to ; B. Hebr. Lat Car. Frc. 

 Houbiflnnt, Paris, 1753, 4 voU. foL ; B. Hebr. Jo. Simonis Hal. 1752, 

 STO, 1767, Svo ; Bibli Hebr. Benj. Kennicot Oxoii. 1776-80, fol. (See 

 Brans de Mendi* typographies editionis Van der Hooght, a Kennicto 

 non sublatis in Eiohhorn'n Rep. xii. 225, seq.) Van der Hooght'8 Bible 

 hu been frequently reprinted in London. Editio nova, recognita et 

 emendata a Josepho Samuele Frey, Typis Societatis ad promovendam 

 Chrutiaaitatem inter Judtcos, Lond. 1812, Svo ; B. Hebr. ad ed. 

 Hooghthianani adomata, Lond. typis et sumptibua Sam. Bagster, 1823. 

 In stereotype, Recognita et emendata a Judah d'AUemand, TypU 

 A. Macintosh, impensis Jacobi Duncan, 1823, 1825, large Svo ; duo- 

 decimo with Hebrew title, 1825 ; large Svo, reprinted 1828, 1830, 

 corrected by Hurwitz, 1833. The most beautiful type is employed in 

 the Biblia Hebraica secundum editiones Jos. Athiae, Jo. Leusden, Jo. 

 Simonis aliorumque imprimis Everardi van der Hooght, recensuit 

 Augustus Hnlin, Theol. Doctor et Professor in Acad. Lipaiensi, editio 

 stereotypa Biimptibiis Carol! Tnuchnitz, 1831, Svo, and in 12mp, 1833. 



VIII. Vetus et Novum Testamentum. ex antiquissimo Codice Vati- 

 cano, edited by Cardinal Angelo Mai, published at Rome in 1858, in 

 5 vols. foL 



IX. Vetus Testamentum Grace juxtaLXX.ed. by Dr. C. Tiachendorf, 

 2 vols. Svo, Leipz. 1850. This is a collation of the Vatican text with 

 all the recently discovered codices. 



X. Biblia Polyglotta. Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and German, ed. by 

 Dr. Stier and Dr. Theile, 6 vols. royal Svo, Bielef. 1850-55. 



The following is a list of the critical apparatus** by which the text 

 has been purified : The great and the small Masora, and various 

 readings in the rabbinical Bibles of Bouiberg and Buxtorf. Selection* 

 of various readings in the editions of Minister, Van der Hooght, and in 

 the V J> nniD, with the critical commentary of R. Sal Norzi, Mantua, 

 !, -1 vols. ; I'. I H.ml'igant Note critics; in uiiiv. V. T. libros 

 cum Hebraiee turn Grace tcriptos cuiu integris ejusdem Prolegomenis 

 ad Exemplar Parisiense denuo reciusc, torn. i. U. Krancf. a M. 1777, 4to. 

 Comp. J. D. Michaelis Vorrede, zum kritischen C'ollegio iiber die drei 

 wichtigsten Psalmen von Chriato ; J. Chr. Kallii Prodr. exainiuis criseo* 

 Houbigantiauae in Cod. Hebr. Hafnia'. 1763, 4to; Kj. Kxniiien cris. 

 Houbig. in C'od. Hebr. spec, i, Hafn. 17ti4, 4to ; Sel>. Run Exercitatinnes 

 phil. ad Houbigant. Prolegomena, 1785, 4to; Kcnnicott's Dissertations 

 on the Hebrew text and his Bible. Com. Brims de variis lectionibus 

 Bibl. Kennicot. in Eichhorn'a Repertorium xii. 242, seq. xiii. 31, seq. ; 

 Bruns Apologie fiir Kennicot in Eichhoni's Rep. vi. 173, seq. ; Rosen- 

 raiiller's H.indbuch, i. 241, seq.; Bibl. Reineccii ed. J. Chr. Doderlein 

 et J. H. Meisner, Lips. 1793, Svo; B. Hebr. dig. et grav. lectiouum 

 varietateni adjecit J. Jahn, Vienna;, 1807, 3 volumes, Svo. Bil>Iia 

 Hebraica without i>oinU, after the text of Kennicott, with the chief 

 various reading* selected from his collation of Hebrew manuscripts, 



from that of De Rossi, and from the ancient versions, accompanied 

 with KnglUh note*, critical, philological, and explanatory, selected from 

 English olid foreign i: ' Boothroyd, in two \olumes, 4to, 



Poutefract, without the date. 



Besides those in the editions of Kennicott, Jahn, &<x, we notice the 



following collections ' of various readings : ISO mvi j JVD IT/IDO, 

 by Rabbi Meir Hallevi, Berlin, 1761 ; min "IH printed in nYT Tlttf, 



Ven. 1618, and inaccurately, Amst. 1558. Commentatio 

 uiiitens duorum codicum nunuscriptonun Biblia Hebr. continen- 

 tium quis Regiomonti Borussorum asscrvantur cum prtccipuaruui 

 v.iiiautium lectionum sylloge, auctore D. Theod. Christ Lih'entha!. 

 Regiomonti et Lipsia;, 1770, Svo. The most important work of this 

 kind is by J. B. De Rossi ; Varito Lectioues Vet. Test ex immenaa 

 Manuscriptorum editorumque codicum oongerie haustx et ad Samari- 

 tanum textum, vetustissiuias versioncs, et accuratiores sacra critics: 

 fontea ac leges exanimate, Parma 1 , 1784-88; iv. volumina 4to. maj. ; 

 and Scholia crit in V. T. libros, seu supplementa ad varias sacri textus 

 lectiones, Parmie, 1798. 



Besides the Polyglotts mentioned above, there was the Paris Poly- 

 glottof 1645; and the London Polyglott, edited l>y Brian V 

 Mr. Bagster 's of 1831, which contains in one folio volume the Hebrew 

 text, the Samaritan Pentateuch, the Septuagint, the Vulgate, and th> 

 Syriac versions, for the Old Testament ; and for the New, the Greek 

 text of Mill, with Luther's German translation of the Bible, Ostervald'* 

 French, Diodati's Italian, Scio's .Spanish, and that of the English 

 authorised version. Since the first publication of these, there have 

 been several editions, and some varieties of form. 



Among the oldest manuscripts, nearly 1500 in uum't-r. which have 

 IT. ii collated, is the Laudianus in tlir liodleian Library at '' 

 which is iviwidiTi-ed to be 800 year* old: thi^ MS. ,!iili i- in 1 I." 1 " 1 

 readings from Van der Hooght's text, which K now in (iun: 

 Besides this there are many im]>ortant MS.S. at Oxfotxl and in th- 

 British Museum in London, one in the library of tin i;.,v..l.- 

 one in the Lambeth Library, and one M!>. oi the PeoUteuch in tb* 

 library of the London University. In the seventh and Hie following 

 volumes of the ' Classical Journal ' is a catalogue of M.SS. existing in 

 the public libraries of Great Urit.iin, and a very complete li*t oi 

 Hebrew MSS. i.s prefixed to J>< II 

 plete in Kennicotl's ' Disertatio Piivliminaris.' 



These codices are knowu among critics by naimv like the following : 

 Carlsruhenais, Viennensis, Cexeiuv, in the Malatenta Library at Bologtui, 

 Klorentinus 2, MediolanensU 9, NorimbergciisU 4, I'arLtieusiu '27, 

 inoutanus 2, Parisiensi* li 1. 



A fac-siuiile of Deut. iv. 1, 'J, from an ancient Hebrew MS. of the 

 Pentateuch, called by the Rev. H. Home Codex Malabaricus, uiaj 

 serve, to illustrate the appearance of these cinlices,; it w;uj brought in 

 the year 1806 from the interior of Malayala by the late Kev. r.'nudiu- 

 Buchanan, D.D., and is now preserved in the public lUn.uy of the 

 University of Cambridge. 



It measures forty-eight feet in length. The whole book of Lcviti* n.-. 

 and the greater part of Deuteronomy are wanting. The original length 

 was about ninety feet IU breadth is about twenty -two inches, or a 

 Jewish cubit. It seems to comprise the fragments of three different 

 roll*. See a ' Collation of an Indian copy of the Pentateuch. 

 collation and description of a manuscript roll of the l>ook of Esther 

 from the Hebrew extant in brazen tablets at Goa, with an KiiKli.-h 

 translation, by Thomas Yeatea, Cambridge, 1812, 4to. None of the 

 Hebrew manuscripU is above 800 years old. The reason why the 

 manuscript of the Old Testament are never found of so high antiquity 



as the oldest of the Xew Testament, is that the Jews never suffer their 

 h"K manuscripts to exist in a dilapidated state. The manuscript 

 which begin to be illegible, or contain readings not authorised by the 



Masora, or are inaccurate, are collated in the T32. that i>, place of 



cli'li-iit, or rather liiding-plaee. in the synagogue. When thi* i 

 filled .up, all its content^ in i'in.m.1 to In- l.nried in a p 

 the burying-ground chosen for that purpose. The following l)"c 

 may represent a codex about to be buried for being faul' 

 illegible. 



The unwearied application of the learned in the collation of II. loi-vv any very matciial alteration in spite of thousands of small . i 



arly the fame I Tim is also proved by the fact that the peculiarities of 



manuscripts lias proved that all of them represent nearly 



text that was in the hands of the old traoslaturs, which has not suffered 



characterise the different biblical writers, have not been eUoced. Th. 



