1(7 



ItlSllnPRIC. 



RISHOPRIC. 



diocete of MancheiteT oomhrtj of tin whole . uni\ l I 

 except the deanery of Fume* and CartineL The Act 6 ft 7 Win. IV- 

 made provision fur uniting the Me of 8odor and Man to that o( Carlisle! 

 but by 1 Viet c. SO, ft* existence M separate bishopric wa* preserved- 

 The Act 6 * 7 Win. IV. c. 77, not only remodelled diocese*, but pro- 

 vided for a more equal distribution of episcopal revenue*, according to 

 the following Male : 



MMMMML 



Canterbury 13,000 



York 10,000 



Biniorn. 



London 10,000 



Durham 8,000 



Winchester 7,000 



Ely 8,500 



St. Asaph and Itungor .... 5,200 



Worenter 5,000 



Bath and WriU 5,000 



The other bishopric* are augmented by fixed < nntribution.- 

 the revenues of the richer sees, so as to increase their average nnniud 

 incomes to not leas than 40001. nor more than 5000/. The surplus 

 revenues from the richer sees are paid into the hands of the Eccle- 

 siastical Commissioners, and constitute what is called the Episcopal 

 Fund ; and every seven years, from Jon. 1, 1887, a new return IB to be 

 made by them of the revenues of all the bishoprics, and thereupon the 

 scale of episcopal payments is to be revised, so as to preserve the scale 

 fixed upon by the Act. Provision was also made in this Act for a 

 more equal distribution of patronage among the several bishops, pro- 

 portioned to the relative magnitude and importance of their respective 

 dioceses. 



The bishops of London, Durham, and Winchester rank next to the 

 archbishops ; the others rank according to priority of consecration. 



While the Church uf Scotland was episcopal in ita constitution it had 

 two archbishoprics, St. Andrew's and Glasgow, and eleven bishoprics, 

 to which, as late as 1633, a twelfth was added, the bishopric of Edin- 

 burgh. In the other thirteen sees there is a long and pretty complete 

 catalogue of bishops, running up to the 9th, 10th, llth, or 12th 

 centuries. The eleven ancient bishoprics were those of Aberdeen, 

 Argyle, Brechin, Caithness, Duinblane, Dunkeld, Galloway, Moray, 

 Orkney, ROBS, and the Isles, or Sodor, a see which was formerly within 

 the superintoiidency of the bishop of Han. 



At the Revolution, the Presbyterian Church of Scotland was acknow- 

 ledged as the national church ; but there i.- still an episco|>al church in 

 Scotland, the members of which are there in the character of dissenters. 

 The sees are Edinburgh, which is the seat of the primacy, Glasgow, 

 Aberdeen, St. Andrew's, Brechin, Argyll, and Moray and Ross. 



Before the changes in the Irish establishment, effected in 1833 by 

 the 3 & 4 Win. IV. c. 37, and the 4 A 5 Wm. IV. c. 90, there were four 

 archbishoprics and eighteen bishoprics. Many of the latter had been 

 formed by the union of sees, which had been effected at different 

 epochs. At the time of the passing of the Act there were in the 

 province of 



Armayli. Meath and C'lonmacnoise, Clogher, Down and Connor, 

 Kihnore, Dromore, Raphoe, and Derry. 



Dublin. Kildare, Osaory, and Ferns and Leighlin. 



t'athtl. Limerick, Cork and Ross, Waterford and Lismore, Cloyne, 

 and Killaloe and Kilfenora. 



Tuam. Elphin, C'loufert and Kilmocduagh, and Killala and Achonry. 



By the Act mentioned, the archiepiscopal diocese of Tnaiu was united 

 to that of Armagh, and that of Cashel to Dublin ; but the two sup- 

 pressed archbishoprics are now bishoprics. The diocese of Dromore is 

 united to that of Down and Connor; that of Raphoe to Derry ; Clogher 

 to Armagh ; Elpbin to Kilmore ; Killala and Achonry to Tuam and 

 Ardagh ; Clonfert and Kilmacduagh to Killaloe and Kilfenora; Kildare 

 to Dublin and Glandelagh; Leighlin and Ferns to Ossory ; Waterfurd 

 and Lismore to Cashel and Kinly ; Cork and Ross to Cloyne. The 

 diocese of Meath and ClanmacnoJHe, and that of Limerick, remained 

 unaltered. The archbishoprics are reduced to two, ami the bishoprics 

 to ten. A large saving was effected by the amalgamation, and the surplus 

 revenue arising from the suppressed sees is under the management of 

 the Ecclesiastical Commissioners of Ireland, to be dispensed for eccle- 

 ta*tirl and educational purposes. 



One archbishop and three bishops represent the Irish Church in the 

 House of Lords. They are changed every session, according to a 

 system of rotation by which all sit in turn. 



The bishropric of Man is traced to Qermanue, one of the companions 

 of St. Patrick, in the 5th century ; but there are many breaches in the 

 series of bishop- fn>m that time to the present. Sodor, which i.i sup- 

 po*ed to be a Danish term for the western Mr* of Scotland, was under 

 the *une bishop till the reign of Ki.hard II., when tin- Isle of Man 

 having fallen under the English sovereignty, the Islands withdnw 

 themselves, and hail a bishop of their own. The nomination of the 

 bishop was in the house of Stanley, earl of 1>. ?Ky. iY.,m whom it passed 

 by an heiress to the Murray*, dukes of Athol, and has <. .m<- by purchase 

 to the crown. This bishopric was declared by an Act of 33 Henry V I II. 

 to be in the province of York. 



Thr M.- of Wight i part of the diocwr of Winchester: and the isles 

 of Jersey and Guernsey, with the small inlands adjacent, are in the 

 diocese of London. 



The bishoprics in the British colonies have become numerous 

 creation of new see*. The oldest colonial bishopric was t 

 Scotia, created in 1787. In 1841 a meeting was held of the arch- 

 bishop* and bishop* of England and Ireland at Lambeth Palace, w hen 

 it was agreed to undertake the charge of fund* then raising for the 

 endowment of bishoprics in the colonies, and to become responsible for 

 their application. In no casu do they proceed without the concurrence 

 of the government. They now consist of, in North America 

 Scotia, Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, Fredericton. Huron. I'rin. KUJK n . 

 Land, British Columbia, and Newfoundland ; in Austral;. 

 Tasmania, Adelaide, Melbourne. Newcastle, Perth, Brisbane. 

 Zealand, Christchurch, Wellington, and Waiapu ; in the West Indies, 

 Jamaica, Barbadoes, Antigua, and Guiana in South America ; in the 

 East Indies, Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Ceylon, and the islands of 

 Mauritius and Labuan, and also Victoria (Hoag Kong); in Africa, 

 Cape Town, Natal, Graham's Town, and Sierra Leone; and in Kim-pr. 

 Gibraltar. British colonies or dependencies which are not within any 

 diocese are considered to be under the pastoral care of the Bishop !' 

 London. 



There are thirty-three Roman Catholic archbishops, bishops, coad- 

 jutor bishops, and vicars-apostolic in the British colonies. At s\.ln.\. 

 Quebec, and in Bengal, the Roman Catholic prelates are of the rank uf 

 archbishops. 



In 1S40, a very important Act (3 ft 4 Viet. c. 86) was passed " for 

 better enforcing Church Discipline," which repealed the old statute 

 (1 Hen. VII. c. 4), under which liishops were enabled to proceed against 

 their clergy, and sentence them to imprisonment. The new Art provides 

 "that in every case of any clerk in holy orders of the United Church . .t 

 England and Ireland who may be charged with any offence against the 

 laws ecclesiastical, or concerning whom there may exist scandal or evil 

 report as having offended against the said laws, it shall be lawful t,.r 

 the bishop of the diocese within which the offence is alleged or reported 

 to have been committed, on the application of any party complaining 

 thereof, or if he shall think fit, of his mere motion, to issue a c. : 

 sion under his hand or seal to five persons, of whom one shall be his 

 vicar-general, or an archdeacon or rural dean within the 

 the purpose of making inquiry as to the grounds of such charge or 

 rejiort ; provided always that notice of the intention to issue such 

 commission under the hand of the bishop, containing an intim ' 

 the nature of the offence, together with the name*, addition 

 resilience of the party on whose application or motion mich commission 

 shall be about to issue, shall be sent by the bishop to the part \ 

 fourteen days at least before such commission shall issue." The I ,i.-h. ,| . 

 may at once pronounce sentence, by consent of the clerk ; an.! sn.1i 

 sentence is good and effectual in law. If he refuse or negi 

 ap|x>ar and make answer to the articles alleged against him, other than 

 an unqualified admission of the truth thereof, " the bishop shall proceed 

 to hear the cause, with the assistance of three assessors, to be nomi- 

 nated by the bishop, one of whom shall be an advocate who -h 

 practised not less than five years in the court of the archbishop of 1 1 : , 

 province, or a sergennt-at-law, or a barrister of not lees than 

 years' standing, and another shall be the dean of his cathedral church, 

 or of one of his cathedral churches, or one of his archdeacons, or his 

 chancellor ; and upon the hearing of such cause the bishop shall deter- 

 mine the same, and pronounce sentence thereupon according to the 

 ecclesiastical law." While the charge is under investigation, the 

 bishop may inhibit the party accused from performing any services of 

 the church within his diocese until sentence has been passed ; but if 

 the person accused be the incumbent of a benefice, he may nominate 

 any person or persons to perform such services during his inhibition, 

 and such persons are to be licensed by the bishop if they are api 

 of by him. Appeals under the Act are to the archbishop, and they are 

 to be heard before the judge of the court of appeal in his provinci : 

 but if the cause ha* been heard anil determined In the first 

 the court of the archbishop, the appeal is then to the Queen in Council, 

 and is to be heard before the Judicial Committee of Privy Council, 

 and at least one archbishop or bishop must be present. 



In matters of dispute between a diocesan and his clergy, an appeal 

 lies to the aichlii.-hop of the ] province in all cases excepting curates' 

 :<ti|mls(l & 2 Viet. c. 106). 



an old authority, contended that the archbishop might appoint 

 a coadjutor to one of his suffragans who is infirm or incapable. This 

 power is now established by 6 * 7 Viet. c. (12, entitled An Act t.. pro. 

 vide for the jierformance of the episcopal functions in case of the 

 incapacity of any bishop or archbishop." 



In 1841 a bishop of the I'nite.l Church of Kiiglaiul and Ireland was 

 ap|N>int<il for Jerusalem. The King of Prussia first suggested the 

 appointment to Quern Victoria, and the right of ..pointing the I 

 i" enjoyed alternately by the oro\\ns of I'niKxia an. I Kn^lanil ; but the 

 Avohbii-hop of Canterliiity hat a veto on the selection liy Prussia. 

 I'.isliop oi Jerusalem is a suffragan of the Archbishop of Canterhun : 

 but he cannot exercise episcopal function-, in tin- dominions oi 

 Britain, nor can the persons ordained by him. The Protestant Church 

 of Jerusalem .on,| rwms using different liturgies and sub- 



scribing different articles of faith, who will be on terms of equality as 



