BURQAQE TENURE. 



BURMESE \\-.\\l\: 



100 or 1000 equal part*. It U accompanied by cylindrical glass 

 measure, containing, when filled to the linr A, I litre; and if the Muid 

 to b divided be lew than thu quantity, the denaency must If imp 

 j.lird by water. In filling thi* mmaure, it u the surface of tin- fluid 

 which miut be made to coincide with thu mark, iunl not the outer 

 margin dented by capillary attraction above the general If vol. The 

 buretU oonsisU of a Urge tube graduated into 100 equal parts (in the 

 figure only half the number of the anull division* are represented i. 

 and numbered from the top downward ; and of a small tuba commuted 

 with the former at the hate, and recurved at the top. Through thia 

 tub.-, if the beak be slightly greased, the content* of the large tube 



I 



4 

 I 



C 



7 

 S 



I 



i 



may be poured with great precision, either by single drops or in a 

 full stream. The largest divisions are 1-100 of the large measure, and 

 the smallest 1-1000, and theee may be sub-divided by counting the 

 number of drops of the fluid under examination, which are poured out 

 in reducing the surface of the liquid from any division to the next 

 inferior one. The superiority of the burette over other measures con- 

 sistit in the decimal arrangement of the graduations, and the great 

 rapidity ami precision with which any required portion of a liquid may 

 be added or abstracted, w hile on.- hand only is employed, the other 

 being luft at liberty to use the stirring rod or test paper. 



The burette, though applicable to the processes of the analytic 

 chemist, is a very useful instrument in manufactories where the value 

 of munerous samples of acids, alkalies, bleaching powder, ic. has to 

 be quickly and correctly ascertained. Several modifications of this 

 instrument are in extensive use in this country. [ALKALIMETRY.] 



l;IKUAGE HOLDING is one of the forms of feudal tenure in 

 Scotland. The holders of the the fiefs under the charters of privi- 

 leges in favour of the burghs, held directly of the crown, returning 

 service by watching and warding. The return is now merely nominal, 

 but the holding is still of the crown, the investiture or sasiue being 

 given by the magistrates of the burgh. The peculiar character of this 

 holding has preserved in modern practice the important distinction, 

 that while other descriptions of landed property may be subfeued ad 

 infinitum, a burgoge holding can only be transferred from one crown 

 vassal to another, who comes in his place. All the lands held by or of 

 a royal burgh are not necessarily held by burgage tenure. The com- 

 munity may, like an individual, obtain feu rights and grant subinfeu- 

 dations ; the proper burgage holding is applicable only to tho.se lauds 

 to which the charter applies. 



BURGAOE TEN URE (England) denotes the particular feudal service 

 or tenure of bouses or tenement? in ancient cities or boroughs. It is 

 considered to be a species of socoge. The incidents of this tenure, 

 which prevailed in Normandy as well as in England, vary according to 

 tin' |nrtioular customs of each borough, in consequence of the maxim 

 that, in improper feuds (to which class this tenure belongs), the lex 

 tt cinuvtltulo loci ore always to be observed, (Wright's ' Tenures,' 

 p. 205.) 



Burgage tenure is supposed by Littleton and other writers to have 

 been the origin of the rights of voting for members of parliament in 

 cities and boroughs ; and the great variety of those rights is in some 

 meanure accounted for by supposing them to be founded |KHI varying 

 local customs. It is however impossible to trace the gradual steps liy 

 which the irregular rights of voting in boroughs for members of par- 

 liament, which are continued by the Reform Act (2 Will. IV. c. 45) 

 until the extinction of existing interests, were derived from burgage 

 I. B m 



111 KOE8S. [MUNICIPAL CORPORATION*.] 



BDBOLAKT. The derivation of this word is quite uncertain. By 

 some writers it U supposed to have been introduced by the Saxons, 

 ami to be compounded of Inu-g, a castle or bouse, and larrm or latro, a 

 lint Bpefaaaa conceives that the term was introduced into the 

 criminal law of England from Normandy, and says that he I 

 traces of it among the Saxons. (Hpelman's ' Glossary,' tit. ' Hurglaria ' 

 *"' ' ".) The gflcnce of burglary at common law is dctiued 



to be " a breaking and entering the dwelling-house of another in the 

 night, with intent to commit some |V1. m\ within the same, win -tin T 

 such felonious int. -nt be executed or not." I'.y the statute 7 & ' 

 IV. c. i'.i, K. 1 1, i-iitering the dwelling-house of another with intent to 

 commit a felony, or U-ing in s\ich dwelling-house and committing 

 a i. l..iiy. or in cither case breaking out of the house in the n.^ht i:m. . 

 was declared to constitute a burglary, and to be punishable with death. 

 Simple burglary is now, however, punishable by penal servitude tor 

 life, or for a term of years, or by imprisonment not exceeding three 

 yean. The capital punishment is retained where the offence is accom- 

 panied by on assault with intent to murder, or by stabbing, cutting, 

 wounding, beating, or striking, any person in the house. (7 Will IV. 

 and 1 Viet c. 86 ; 20 4 21 Viet. c. 8.) The leading characteristics of 

 this offence are, 1st, that it must be committed in the night time, that 

 is, at a time when people are presumed to be sleeping; and th. 

 it is said in the books, that if there be a sufficient dawning of " day- 

 light or rrrjiiieri/liim, either begun or left, enough to see a man's face 

 witlial," when the offence is committed, it will not be burglary. The 

 reason of the rule is that the offence, to be complete, must have been 

 committed in the dead of night, and it follows from this reason that a 

 liurglary might be committed in the brightest moonlight. By the 

 7 Will. IV. and 1 Viet. c. 86, s. 4, however, night is to be considered as 

 commencing at nine o'clock in the evening, and ending at TUX in the 

 morning. 



_'. There must be a breaking and entering of the house ; which parts 

 of the offence however are completed by the robber even breaking a 

 pane of glass and putting in his hand with a felonious intention. 



3. The house broken must be the dwelling-house, or, as it is called, 

 the " mansion-house " of the person injured. By this is meant that it 

 must be a permanent dwelling, and not a booth or tent ; and also that 

 it must be the place of the actual and personal residence of man, and 

 not a mere stable, barn, or outhouse: unless such buildings at. 

 nected with the dwelling-house. The 748 Oeo. IV., c. 29, s. 13, 

 defines what building* within the curtilage shall be deemed part of a 

 dwelling-house for purposes of burglary. Upon this [art of th' 

 ject a great variety of nice distinctions have arisen, for which w. 



to Hot'SK-BHK.AK' 



By the 14 & 15 Viet. c. 19, being found by night armed with intent 

 to break into any house and commit felony, or having the possession 

 by night of housebreaking implements, or having the face blackened or 

 otherwise disfigured, or being found by night in a house with intent to 

 commit a felony therein, is a misdemeanour punuhal'le by imprison- 

 ment not exceeding three' years. 



BURGOMASTKI!, BORGERMEISTEB, is the title of the chief 

 magistrate of a municipal town, answering to the English mayor. In 

 the German free towns the burgermeiater is the president of the 

 executive council of the republic. This is also the case at Zurich, 

 Basel, Schaffhausen, and some other Swiss cantons; while at Bern, 

 Freyburg, and Luzern, the corresponding magistrate is called schul- 

 theisB (in French ' avoyer'), and in the rest of the cantons landam- 

 nian ; which lost is a Swiss term. 



BURGOS LUSTRE. A kind of gilding upon china, produ. 

 the double sulphide of gold and potassium. The latter is pre|r. .1 l.y 

 heating to redness finely divided gold, with sulphur and carbonate of 

 potash. 



BURIAL. [INTERMENT.] 



KUMN. | KN..IIAYIM;.] 



BURLESQUE, a word derived from the Italian adjective "burlesco," 

 which is applied to qualify words, gestures, or expressions of the 

 countenance intended to excite laughter. The Italian verb ' hurlarc " 

 means to mock or mimic, and also to laugh at a person and make him 

 a dupe. In the latinity of the middle ages we find " burlare " i. 



inous with " ludore." (Ducangc.) The burlesque style is appli- 

 cable both to conversation and pantomime, and to written romp- 

 and the art of drawing. Facetious anecdotes and repaitee.- exposing 

 some blunder or turning something into ridicule are styled burlesque. 

 The burlesque style however is most common in poetry, and may In- 

 defined to be a sort of good-humoured satire. There is a class of 

 burlesque poems in every language, such as ' Hudibras' ami ' l!< ppo,' 

 in English; but of all modern languages the Italian al>..uu<I- most in 

 this species of composition, which is called " poesia 1 

 " poesia giocosa," and also " poesia bernesca." [Hmvi. in lii.".. lin | 

 This species of poetry is divided into several branches, each cultivated 

 by numerous writers both in the Italian and in the dialect* of Italy. 

 ( Aldeano, ' I )ella I'oesia Giocosa.') The burlesque in the art of <li 

 is shown in the English caricatures, and in the sketches of low 1 ; 

 merry-making exhibited by many of the Dutch and Flemish painters, 

 and also in the representations of deformed .md uncouth figures, such 

 as are found among ancient and modern sculpture^. Jlonsti. 

 however, wh sense of horror or disgust, cannot IK- properly 



called burlesque productions, the essential quality of the latter 1-cing 

 to excite laughter. For the same reason, satires of the invective kind 

 reprobating gross vice, such as Juvenal's, ore quite distinct frum bur- 

 lesqu- 'tis. 



BURLETTA (from liuriart, Ital., to joke, to banter, to play), a 

 ,, ,r,ii, i. ,.i f liort opi.r.i : a musical farce. 



ISI'UMESE WAKIv There ;:re ceitain peculiarities about Bin m> M- 

 ware which render it worthy of a brief notice. The cups of small si/.e 



