9 





diagonal*. The very expression too, yueenimg a pax*, U ambiguous ; 

 for the term in still nude to apply, even though you exchange the 

 pawn for a rook or a minor pure, a* the bishop or the knight is 

 called. 



With respect to culling, Law xvi. define* the conditions under 

 which that privilege can be exerciaed. Many players suppose that you 

 cannot castle if the king has been checked, or if the rook U attacked. 

 Now although it is quite true that you cannot castle out of check, it 

 does not matter how many tinu your king may have been checked, 

 provided he has not been moved. So also, with respect to the rook, 

 you cannot castle if it has been moved, but you can castle, even though 

 it be e* prite, as in the following brilliant little game, in which Captain 

 Kennedy gives the odds of Ids king's knight to the player of tha black 

 pieces; so that in setting up the board for this game you will re- 

 member to take off the whiUrK. Kt. 



CHESS. 11 



escape the check by playing to K. R.'s square, he would be mated 

 on the move. The following ia another perpetual, also " 



Diagram 7. 



WHITE, 



1. P. toK. 4. 



2. K. B. to Q. B. 4, 

 S. P. to Q. 4. 



K. 



BLACK. 



l.-P.toK. 4. 



2. K. Kt. to K. B. 3. 



8. Kt. takes K. P. 



Black at his third more shouM hare played Pawn takes Pawn. 



4. Q. P. takes P. 4. Kt. K.B. P. 



Black intends the white king to take his Kt., whereupon he would 

 check with his Q. at K. R. fifth, and recover the piece. 



5. Castles. 



It will be seen that White can castle, even though his rook be en 

 T-rite. The move, however, U unexpected, because White leaves his 

 queen en priie, and the young player snaps it up and loses the game 

 in a couple of moves by a well known mate. 



5. Kt. takes Q. 



:. K. B. takes K. B. P. (ch.) 6. K. to K. 2. 



7. Q. B. to K. Kt. 5. (ch.-mate.) 



We reserve the point respecting stale-mate until we come to speak 

 of the varieties of check-mate. A game is drawn, that is, not won by 

 either player, under various circumstances : first, the position may 

 be so locked that there is nothing to do but to repeat the same 

 moves backwards and forwards, since any deviation would entail loss : 

 or secondly, there may not be sufficient mating force on the board, as 

 when the kings are left with locked pawns, and the bishops are of 

 nppotite colmtrt as they are called, when, for example, the white bishop 

 moves on black diagonals, and the black bishop on white ones ; or 

 thirdly, when one player who fears to lose the game, may have it in his 

 power to check the king every move, and should he persist in doing so 

 he draws the game by what is called a perpetual check. The following 

 is an example of this kind (Diagram 6), in a game between Philidor and 



Diagram 6. 



Bowdler, in which Philidor gives the odds of the pawn and two mores 

 and although he has just won the exchange, that is, two minor pieces 

 for a rook, Black ban two patted pawns, that is, pawns that have patxa 

 or escaped the attacks of other pawns, and in moving to queen, cai 

 only be opposed by the adversary s pieces. Philidor, therefore, having 

 the move, seeks to break up this formidable array of pawns, by fire 

 capturing the black K. B. P. with his K. B., whereupon Black pint th 

 bishop by playing R. to K. B. 3., and White now seizes the opportu 

 nity of drawing the game by a perpetual check. Ho plays R. to Q. B 

 eighth, checking ; black king goes to king's bishop seventh ; white 

 checks again at Q. R. seventh; king moves to K.B. square; rook 

 checks again, and king goes to K. Kt second square : White checks 

 again, ami K. goes back to B. square, and both parties persistin 

 in this line of play, the game U drawn; for should White seek t 



[Diagram, 7), in which that great master has again the worst of the 

 game, Black having a passed pawn, and threatening to take off the 

 J. P. with his Kt., and thus have another passed pawn. Instead 

 of defending his Q. P. with his R., he plays R. to Kt. seventh, check- 

 ng, whereupon Black inconsiderately plays his K. to Q. B. thin I. 

 White takes Q. R. P. with his Kt., checking. King has only one 

 square to move to, namely, Q. third, whereupon Kt. checks again and 

 so on perpetually. 



Check-male. The object of the game of chess is to check-mate your 

 adversary in the fewest possible number of moves. It would be con- 

 sidered bad play in any given position of the pieces with a mate on the 

 lx>ard, to finish the game in four moves when it could be accomplished 

 in three. The average length of a game is about thirty moves on each 

 side ; but we have known a game extend to ninety or a hundred moves 

 on each side. With very bad play on the part of your adversary, mate 

 may be given in two moves : this is known as the " Fool's Mate," and 

 Is as follows : 



WHITE. BLACK. 



1. P. to K. B. 4. 1. P. to K. 3. 



2. P. to K. Kt. 4. 2. Q. to K. R. 5, Check-mating. 



This is the shortest possible game of chess. The next shortest game 

 is known as the " Scholar's Mate." It is as follows : 



BLACK. 



1. P. to K. 4. 



2. K. B. to Q. B. 4. 



3. P. to Q. 3. 



WHITE. 



1. P. to K. 4. 



2. K. B. to Q. B. 4. 



3. Q. to K. R. 5. 



4. Q. takes K. B. P., check- 



mating. 



There is a peculiar kind of mate given by the knight, known as the 

 " Smothered Mate ; " it is also sometimes called " Philidor's Legacy," 

 from a position left by that great master. The following (Diagram 8) 



WHITE. 



will illustrate it, together with the peculiar powers of the knight in 

 attacking a number of pieces at the same time. Supposing White to 

 have the move, he plays knight to K. B. seventh, checking, and at the 



