825 



CHESS. 



CHESS. 



same time forking, as it is called king, queen, and two rooks. The 

 black king can only get out of check by moving to Kt. square, where- 

 upon the knight takes rook at K. R. third with a double check, for he 

 not only checks with the knight, but discovers check with the queen. 

 There is but one method of escaping from a double check, and that is 

 by moving the king. In the present case the king cannot move to his 

 K. B. square, on account of the position of your rook at K. B. square ; 

 he must therefore go back into the corner, whereupon you pky your 

 queen to K. Kt. eighth, checking ; Black must take your queen with 

 his rook, whereupon knight goes to K. B. seventh, giving a smothered 

 mate. 



Stale-male. Another description of mate is the " Stale Mate." It 

 occurs when the king, not being in check, cannot move without moving 

 into check, and has no other piece or pawn which can be moved. This 



makes what is called a drawn game, neither party winning. There are, 

 as already remarked, several modes of drawing the game, and this is 

 one of them. A skilful player, whose game appears to be hopelessly 

 lost, will sometimes try after a stale, and cleverly effect his object to 

 the great annoyance of his adversary. The above position (Diatjram 9), 

 given by Sarratt, is a case in point. In .this position it seems im- 

 possible for White to save the game, since Black threatens to check 

 .with the queen and to mate at K. R. seventh ; but it is a matter of 

 great importance at chess who has the more. In the present case White 

 has the move, and he plays as follows : 



WHITE. BLACK. 



1. R. to K. B. 8 (ch.) 1. K. to Q. R. 2. 



2. R. to Q. R. 8 (ch.) 2. K. takes R. 



3. Q. to K. B. 8 (ch.) 3. K. to Q. R. 2. 



4. Q. to Q. B. 5 (ch.) 



If Black move his king back to Q. R. square, you again check with 

 your queen at K. B. eighth, and draw the game by a perpetual check. 

 If he interpose queen's knight's pawn you capture his queen's bishop's 

 pawn, and again draw by a perpetual check. You cannot, of course, 

 capture his queen, on account of the threatened mate with his rook. 

 If he capture your queen you are stale mated, because the king not 

 being in check, cannot move without moving into check. 



There ia another solution to this problem, by which the moves oi 

 the Black are so far forced, that he loses the game unless he consent 

 to draw by stale mate. 



WHITE. BLACK. 



1. K. to Q. R. 2. 



2. Q. takes Q. 



3 K. to Q. Kt. 3. 

 4. K. or P. takes R. 



1. R. to K. B. 8 (ch.) 



2. Q. to Q. B. 5 (ch.) 



3. R. to Q. R. 8 (ch.) 



4. R. takes Q. R. P. (ch.) 



5. is stale mated. 



M at the third move Black take rook, White is stale-mated in a fewer 

 number of moves. 



According to the laws of the game, a stale-mate is a drawn game 

 It is also optional whether a player take a pawn ere passant or not. A 

 curious poult was discussed by some members of the laws' committee 

 already referred to, as to whether in order to escape a stale-mate, a 

 player could be compelled to take a pawn en passant. For example 

 in the following position (Diagram 10), suppose White to pky pawn 

 to K. Kt. fourth square, Bkck would be stale-mated unless he took the 

 pawn enpauant. It was contended that you could not compel an ad 

 which was purely voluntary, since it is expressly provided that while : 

 player may advance his pawn two steps at the first move, it is optiona 

 whether the second player allow the passar bataylia, as the Italians cal 1 

 it, and that it would be contrary to the principles of chess to determin< 

 otherwise. On the other hand, it was contended by Mr. Tomlinson 

 that so long as the stale-mate is defined to be " a position in which the 



dng, not being in check, cannot move without passing into check, and 

 here is no other possible move on the board," the voluntary nature of 

 .he passar bataglia becomes changed into a compulsory, because a pos- 

 sible move. In such a position as the following (Diagram 10), it 



Diagram 10. 



BLACK. 



would be very anomalous if Black were to be allowed a stale-mate when 

 he has it in his power to move one of his pawns. 



The Openings. The various modes of opening the'game are : 1. The 

 King's Knight's game; 2. The King's Bishop's game; 3. The Queen's 

 Bishop's Pawn's game ; 4. The King's Gambit ; 5. The Queen's Gambit. 

 Each of these openings has a number of varieties, many of which have 

 also their distinctive names. Most of them are known as regular 

 openings, to distinguish them from a rather large class which may be 

 collected together into, 6. Miscellaneous or irregular openings. Games 

 in any opening are called open, when each player plays at his first move 

 Pawn to K. fourth square ; whereas those games are called close, in 

 which one or both of the players play at his first move Pawn to K. 

 third square ; or the second player, in answer to Pawn to K. fourth 

 square, moves his queen's bishop's pawn to his fourth square, forming 

 what is called the Sicilian Game. 



We will give a few games illustrative of the openings, and their 

 principal varieties. Our examples will consist of actual games by first- 

 rate players. We shall not trouble the reader with many explanatory 

 notes, as he will be able in most cases by careful study to discover 

 for himself the beauties and peculiarities of each master. 



The following is an example of that variety of the King's Knight's 

 game, called by the Italian masters the Giuoco Piano, a term which we 

 have adopted ; games of this kind being also called Piano games. We 

 do not indicate the colours, since it is desirable to be able to play 

 either with the white pieces or with the black. If the student is 

 accustomed to play only with white men, he will do well to take the 

 black pieces in playing over these games. 



PorF.RT. COCHRANE. 



1. P. to K. 4. 



2. K. Kt. to K. B. 3. 



3. K. B. to Q. B. 4. 



4. P. to Q. B. 3. 



5. Castles. 



6. P. to Q. 4. 



7. Q. B. to K. 3. 



8. Q. Kt. to Q. 2. 



9. P. to Q. 5. 



10. B. takes B. 



11. Q. to Q. B. 2. 



12. P. to K. R. 3. 



13. K. to K. R. 2. 



14. Kt. to K. Kt. 



15. Q. to Q. 



16. K. P. takes K. B. P. 



17. P. to K. Kt. 4. 



18. R. takes Q. 



19. K. to R. 



1. P. to K. 4. 



2. Q. Kt. to Q. B. 3. 



3. K. B. to Q. B. 4. 



4. Q. to K. 2. 



5. P. to Q. 3. 



6. K. B. to Q. Kt. 3. 



7. K. Kt. to K. B. 3. 



8. Q. B. to K. Kt. 5. 



9. Q. Kt. to Q. 



10. Q. R. P. takes B. 



11. K. Kt. to K. R. 4. 



12. Q. B. to Q. 2. 



13. Castles. 



14. P. to K. B. 4. 



15. Q. to K. B. 2. 



16. Q. takes P. 



17. Q. takes K. B. P. (ch.) 



18. R. takes R. (ch.) 



19. Kt. check-mates. 



The following is a variety of King's Knight's opening, known as the 

 Scotch opening, from the circumstance of its having been adopted in 

 the match by correspondence between the clubs of London and Edin- 

 burgh ; it is also known as the Queen's Pawn two opening, and the 

 Central Gambit. The opening is however to be found in Lolli. 



BILOUEB. 



1. P. to K. 4. 1. P. to K. 4. 



2. K. Kt. to K. B. 3. 2. Q. Kt. to Q. B. 3. 



3. P. to Q. 4. 3. P. takes P. 



4. K. B. to Q. B. 4. 4. K. B. to Q. Kt. 5 (ch.) 



