COLOUR. 



COLOURING MATTERS. 



K. I-ardn*r ( Credibility Go*."). who argues on the statement* of 

 ThwxiWl ti-m. iii. |.. 342), aert that St. I'a.il preached an.! ; 

 tli.- . liurch at this city. According U> Ktucbiiu, this city was one of 

 thrw which, in the 10th yew of Nero (that in, a yew after the recep- 

 .Jly dmtmyed by an earthquake. The 

 I'.nil in this epistle appears to have been U> exhort 

 the Chrwtiant of Colo to adhere atodfaitly to the doctrines wUob 

 be taught, and to reject the opinion* of the Jew. and the Pagan 

 phiioaophen. The concluding Motooce of tie fourth chapter states 

 that the conveyance of thu address ww committed to Tychicus and 

 Oneaimus. (rlichhorn, Michaelis, Home.) 



nil.urU tin Optic*). [LIOHT.] 



COLOnt ,iu Fine Art.). [PAIXTIXG.] 



rol.oUMXi! MATTKKS. Each of the three great natural king- 

 *, the animal, the vegetable, and the mineral, abound in sulmtancrs 



, 



the chief peculiarity of which U, that they DOM** colour. For the cause 

 of this colour ne the article LIOHT ; COLOUR. At present it will only l>e 

 neoeMry to mention thwo colouring mattere, classify them, state their 

 uatal propettios, and direct attention to the aourc whence more 

 detailed information may be derived concerning them individually. 



Colouring matter* are either organ i'r or inorganic, that is derived 

 from organised bodies, such as animals or vegetable*, or from unor- 

 ganised substance*, namely mineral*. Organic colouring matters are 

 ii.iii.illr more complex in composition, and more liable to alter in tint 

 than the inorganic ones ; indeed the latter are for the most part 

 definite compounds of metals, while the former are often mixtures of 

 several proximate principles, and have always a tendency to be decom- 

 posed into more simple forms of matter. 



In addition to the colours that occur ready formed in nature, the 

 study of chemutry has brought to light many artificial ones. 



The great point of interest connected with colouring matters is the 

 employment of them in the decorative arts. Scarcely one can be men- 

 tioned, provided it can be obtained at anything like reasonable cost, 

 and U possessed of beauty and durability, which has not been employed 

 by the calico-printer, paper-stainer, painter, Ac. 



'For the sake of convenience the following colouring matters will be 

 treated of without reference to their organic or inorganic origin, but 

 will be grouped together according to their similarity in appearance. 



YELLOW COLOURING HATTERS. 



Arnotto.. [AnxoTTo; Bncrx; also BIXA, in NAT. HIST. Drv.] 



Chrome-yeUou' occurs in twenty shades, and under as many different 

 names, each celebrated for its particular tint; thus prefixed to the 

 word yelfeaw we find, Altenburg, Cahlaer, Citron, Cologne, Got/to, L< />/-. 

 Parit, flficiau, Ac. [LEAD, Chromale of.] 



Futile or yeHoa waoa. The wood of a tree. [FuSTiN ; also Rnrs- 

 CIITIM-S, iii S'AT. HI.HT. Div.] 



Gamboge. [GAMBOGE ; also OARCINIA, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



OeAre occurs native in various shades, and is met with under the 

 names of yellow ochre, gold yellow, gold earth, gold ochre, yellow rirnna, 

 Chinete yrlln<c. It is composed of hydrated oxide of iron with alumina, 

 lime, Ac. [OCHRE.] 



Orpiment, aurifiymentum, Pcrtian or Icing'* yettoic. [Ai; 

 MUbkfa of.] 



Pertian berriet, or A i-ignon graiiu, contain chryto-rhamnin, [Rn AMNUS 

 ixFECTORius, NAT. HIST. Drv.l 



Purree, or Indian yellow. [PURREIC ACFD.] 



Qarrrliruii, the bark of a tree. [QuERcrrRls ; also QUERCC8 

 TIXCTORIA, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Rhubarb ytlloic. [CHRYSOPHANIC ACID.] 



Saffron, the internal part of a flower. [SAKFRAXIX; also CROCUS 

 sATivrs, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Turmeric. The root of a tree. [TURMERIC; CURCUMIN; also 

 Ci'RCfMA LOXOA, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



H'eld. A dried plant. [LUTEOLIX ; also RESEDA LUTEOLA, in NAT. 

 HIM-. Div.] 



Chrome orange is, as the name implies, n colour between yellow and 

 rod. [LEAD, Kchromale of.} 



HED COLOURING MATTHIS. 



Alkanet red, sometime* cnlll N.-A ///,'.< riolet. A spirit colour pre- 

 pared fripiu tin- root of a tree. [Axciiusic ACID; also ANCHUSA 

 TIXCTORIA, in NAT. HUT. Div.] 



//r-irtf-iroorf late occur* under the names of Halt alke, Berlin red, 

 Florentine lair, purple, j.ink or crimton. lake, and vaulting red. [BRAZIL- 

 WOOD, Colouring Matter of; also CjMALrisiA, in NAT. HIST. liv.] 



Cinnaliar, or Chinete red, vermilion, and Parit red. [MERCURY, 

 8*l,.hide of.] 



Chrome cinnabar, a very basic chromate of lead. [LEAD, C'kro- 

 mate* of.] 



Coehineat, a dried insect Prepared as a Like, it occurs under the 

 name of carmine. Many terms, such as Parli lukf, Viennn lake, &c., 

 are applied indiscriminately to the colouring matters of Brazil wood 

 and cochineaL [CARMIXE; also COCCIDJC, and COCHINEAL, in NAT. 

 On.] 



liarantin, pre|Xircd from madder. [OARAXi'IX.] 



>lrr, Uio r-.t nf a trci-. [MADDER, Colouring Mattrrt of; also 

 Rt-BiA TixcTOBCM, in NAT. HUT. 



Hnl trail, MiHiuni, or mrniiie. [LEAD, Oridet of.]. 



Red aride of iron is found native. Its shades vary from a light to a 

 brown-red. The common name* of it are Armenian M'. H, H 

 rulrothar, Efjlith ml. reil ix-hrt, burnt oehre, ml earth, term <li .- 

 mineral pnrjilr, ttont red, Indian red. [InON, Oxide* of ; OfiiitE.] 



Sandal mod, or Saundcn' wood, furnishes what U calleil 

 taunden, the wood of a tree. [SAXTALIX ; also PTEROOARPIIS SAX- 

 TALIMUB, in NAT. HIST. Div. ] 



Safmrer,lnitardtaffron,AneA&a-en. [CARTHAMIX; alsoCARTBAMfS 

 TIXCTORIUS, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Lac-dye, very similar to cochineal. [ SHELL-LAI-. ] 



furnishes to acids a valuable red. [HjtMATOXYLlx ; also 



H^MATOXTLOX fAMPEACUIANfM, in NAT. HlST. DlV.] 



Red enamel colour*, for glass-HUm ing, Ac., are jim-jje of eattitu 



[GOLD], and ml .< <'/. _>' \iptr. [Copi-KK, O.ri<let of], 

 Aloe* ahm furnish a red colouring matter. [CHRYSAIIMIC ACID.] 



BLUE COIX>URING MATTERS. 



GJialt blue, ThfnanFi, Hopfner'i blue, cobaltic ultramarine, \i.l.> 

 of cobalt precipitated along with aluniini r ]>lu>>iphate of lime. 

 [COBALT.] Smalt, Saxon Uae^Jiiiiy'i blue, a cobalt glass powil.-r. .1. 

 [COBALT.] 



('/i/xr blue, mountain blue, Englitltor J/ambn' blut. [CoiTi 

 bonate of.] 



Jnilit/o is the base of several blue colours. [IXDIGO; IXDI 

 also IXDIUOFERA, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Lirlien bine, litmiu, turntole, orchil or archil, and cudbear, are cnliMiiri 

 furnished by many lichens or liverworts. [See the respective name* ; 

 also LICHENS, Colouring Matter* of ; also Li. iu:x.-., in NAT. HI.-.T. Div.J 

 [Bun.] 



Prussian blue, Erlangen, Louita, Saxon, Parif, or Berlin blue. [Inox, 

 Cyanide* of.] 



I'llrninarine, lapit lazuli, azure blue, Vienna, Meianer,ttDd Nuremberg 



/<. [ULTRAMAUIXK. | 

 Glass and enamel are coloured blue with cobalt oxide. 



GREEN COLOURING MATTERS. 



Artrniral tjreeni occur under between forty and fifty different names, 

 including Brunswick, Scneele'i and Schirrinfurth green. [Corrrit. 

 Acetate and Artenitt of.] 



Chlorophyll, or leaf green, from grass, leaves, Ac. [CHLOROPHYLL.] 



Sap-green, buckthorn, vegetable, or bladder green. [SAi'-Cim i 

 RHAMNUS, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



Blue and yellow are frequently mixed together to form 

 colours. Green ultramarine [ULTRAMARINE] also bids fair to - 

 the arsenical greens. 



Glass, porcelain, Ac., are coloured green by oxide of chromium 

 [CHROMIUM] and oxide of copper. [COPPER.] 



BROWN COLOURING MATTERS. 



Tinier, tirnna or cJiesnut brown, is found native. By heat it a- 

 a darker tint, and is then known as burnt umber. It is chielly M<!I' "I 

 iron with silica and alumina. [Ocinu:. ] 



Srpia, a dried fluid contained in the cuttle-fish. [SEPIA OFKKIXAI.IS, 

 in NAT. HIST. Drv.] 



Catechu, an extract prepared from the wood of a tree. [CA " 

 also ACACIA, CATECHU, in NAT. HIST. Div.] 



BLACK COLOURING MATTERS. 



llliifk leail, a cryKtilline form of carbon. [GRAPHITE.] 

 C'harcn<il, under various forms. [BONE-BLACK ; LAMP-BLACK.] 

 Jlurnt tugar is used to colour brandy, confectionery, and in tlu- 



kitchen. [CARAMEL.] 

 Indian ink. [!NK.] 

 Black dyes are prtxluced in many other ways, all Living for their 



object the formation of tannate and gallate of iron. 



WHITE PIGMENTS. 



White lead, or fale white. [LEAD, Carbonate of.] 



Zinc irhiir. [ too, Carbonate of.] 



Chalk. [ CALCIUM, Carbonate of.] 



Planter of Parit, or gi/i^iiM. 1 1 'ALCIUM, Sulphate of.] 



J/eary vh He. | BA 11 n M , finlphate of.] 



French chalk, or t<ilr. | STF.ATITE, in NAT. HIST. Drv.] 



Pearl white. [BISMUTH, Katie Nitrate of.] 



Starch alone is supposed to be used by confectioners as a diluent of 

 the sugar, flavouring agent, and colouring matter. 



Glass is rendered opaque white by oxides of tin and zinc, or by phos- 

 phate of lime. 



In the arts and manufactures, nil varieties of colours, tint 

 shades are produced by mixing those already enumerated with each 

 other. 



Mauve is the name of a very delicate and beautiful purple or liUi- 

 ooloiiring matter, recently discovered by Mr. Perkins. (Much of the 

 mauve colour now seen is, however, obtained from Arc/ill by a new pro- 

 cess.) The colours produced by it are quite permanent. Its application 

 to dyeing purposes has been patented. Mauve in m called on account 

 of it* colour being similar to that of the petals of the common mallow 





