oounor. 



menced at the angle of the building, an<l not over the centre lino of 

 the column generally. 



[Gretk Doric order of the 

 Parthenon.] 



[Ionic Older of the Ercctheum 

 nt Athens.) 



same, and they differ but slightly in their moulding* and enrichment*. 

 The baee of both Corinthian and Composite is the Attic. The fluting* 



The Roman Ionic hag an Attic base. The capital in formed witl 

 two volutes on two faces, and the volutes are connected l>y hoi i/"'! 1 ' 

 lines, though sometimes, like the Greek, the curved line H employed 

 The abacus U formed of a fillet and on ogee. Under the horizon! -\ 

 lines connecting the volutes U an echinus and astragal or bead-mould 

 ing enriched. The architrave is divided into two faci;e : the nppei 

 face U aurniotiiit<-d with a HIM and ogee enriched, ami tin- lower witl 

 a amall echinus, also enriched, having a narrow fillet underneath it 

 The frieie is usually plain, though the temple of Km tuna Virilis a 

 Rome has a meagre deem at i. .n. The cornice is supported by an ogee 

 moulding and dentils surmounted with a fillet, a bead moulding, and a 

 large enriched echinus moulding. The cornice itself consists of a 

 i with a small ogee and fillet, on which ia placed a cymatiuin 

 The volute* of the capital are connected at the sides by a pulvinus, 01 

 cushion, commonly called the baluster of the Ionic order. The Qrecl 

 Ionic varies in proportion, and is superior in beauty to the Komai 

 example. The method of drawing the Koinan vi.lnte ealled <!<>ldman' 

 volute, U described in Sir William Chambers'*) Arrhiteeture. 



The following is a very accurate method of drawing the Greek volute 

 similar to the form of the volute of the Krectheum or Minerva I'olia 

 at Athens. Divide any perpendicular height, A n, into 12 equal part* 

 Through the 7th division y from the top, draw the line C D at righ 

 angles to A B. Then upon the line c D, from the centre </, set o: 

 towards o six of the seven divisions between A and y. Draw the line 

 a n and v. r, at angles of 45 degrees to the lines A B and c D respec 

 tively. Bisect the line joining A and c by i a, and produce it till i 

 cuts K r in d. Then from d, as a centre, with the radius d A or d c 

 describe the quadrant A c of the volute. Then join c d, cutting th 

 Une U H in r ; from the point c describe with the radius e c or e B th 

 quadrant c B, passing through B, the extremity of the line A B ; an 

 proceed in this manner with all the quadrants till you touch tli 

 centre. The centres of the segments A C, c B, B D, c., are alway 

 found on the diagonal lines r. r and a H. 



The best examples of the Roman Ionic order are fluted, with twent; 



fur (lutings, or semicircular channels, divided by a narrow lillet, w hie 



I* part of the surface of the shaft of the column. Some Greek exam 



pies, u at Basse, have only 20 flutings, and are without fillets. 



The general proportions of the Corinthian and Composite are th 



\ 



[Method of drawing the spiral forming the volute of the Greek Ionic of the 

 i thcum and Minerva 1'olian Templen, at Athens.] 



of the shaft are, as in the Ionic, twenty-four, and divided by i 

 The capital is composed of two rows of acanthus leaves, eight in each 

 row, ami the upper row is placed between and over the divisions of the 

 ower row. Four spiral volutes in each face rise out of two bun. ; 

 the acanthus leaf, and two of them are connected at the angle 

 support the abacus formed of a cavetto and fillet, and an echinus, 

 which are, except the fillet, sometimes enriched. The face of the 

 abacus is formed of the segment of a circle, whose extremities are 

 supported by the spiral horns or volutes. The connected ends of the 

 ibacus form a narrow face, round which the mouldings are continued, 

 although in some rare instances these ends are pointed by the inter- 

 section of the two curved faces of the abacus. The leaves ami 

 jre carved round what is a continuation of the shaft, formed into the 

 shape of a bell reversed. The lower row of leaves generally follows the 

 :he shaft, which is considered the best system of setting them 

 i)l' round the bell, although the Temple of Vesta at I!, .me has the 

 leaves projecting bey. .ml the .-haft, and Inigo Jones ha< adapted this 

 ! net ing-house at Whitehall. The Corinthian aivhi- 

 divided into three faces, the Composite into two. The n].]..-r 

 face is surmounted with an astragal and ogee enriched with a lillet ; the 

 middle face has above it a small enriched ogee, and the lower i 



[A ModilUon or Console of the cornice of the Temple of Jupittr Stator at Rome.] 



enriched bead. Tl > nriehed with fifiun .< or ornament*. The 



cornice is distingn modillions and dentils; the lad. 



supported by an ogee and astragal enriched ; the former by an enriched 



